JP5469690B2 - ナノ粒子添加剤及びナノ粒子添加剤を含む潤滑剤の配合 - Google Patents
ナノ粒子添加剤及びナノ粒子添加剤を含む潤滑剤の配合 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5469690B2 JP5469690B2 JP2012030827A JP2012030827A JP5469690B2 JP 5469690 B2 JP5469690 B2 JP 5469690B2 JP 2012030827 A JP2012030827 A JP 2012030827A JP 2012030827 A JP2012030827 A JP 2012030827A JP 5469690 B2 JP5469690 B2 JP 5469690B2
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- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical group CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012905 visible particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- C01P2004/16—Nanowires or nanorods, i.e. solid nanofibres with two nearly equal dimensions between 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
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Description
(1)炭化水素置換基、すなわち、脂肪族基(例えばアルキルまたはアルケニル)、脂環
式基(例えば、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル)、芳香族基−、脂肪族基−、および脂環式基−置換芳香族基、ならびに、環状置換基であって分子の他の部分を介して環が完成している置換基、例えば、2つの置換基が共に脂環式基を形成している環状置換基;
(2)置換炭化水素置換基、すなわち、本明細書の記述の文脈で、優勢な炭化水素基を変化させることとのない非炭化水素基、例えば、ハロ、特にクロロ、フルオロ、水酸基、アルコキシ、メルカプト、アルキルメルカプト、ニトロ、ニトロソおよびスフフォキシ、を含む置換基、
(3)へテロ置換基、すなわち、本明細書の記述の文脈で、優勢な炭化水素基の性質を変化させることがないが、環もしくは鎖の炭素の位置に炭素以外の元素を有する置換基。ヘテロ原子は、硫黄、酸素、窒素、及びピリジル、フリル、チエニル及びイミダゾリルのような置換基が含まれる。一般的には、2つ以下、好ましくは1つ以下の非炭化水素置換基は、ヒドロカルビル基中の10個の炭素原子毎に存在しているであろう。典型的には、ヒドロカルビル基には非炭化水素置換基は存在しない。
DIパッケージに含まれる分散剤は、分散される金属含有ナノ粒子と会合することのできる官能基を有する油溶性高分子炭化水素主鎖を含むがそれに限定されない。典型的に、分散剤は、多くの場合架橋基を介してポリマー骨格に結合したアミン、アルコール、アミド、またはエステル極性部分を構成している。米国特許第3,697,574号公報、及び米国特許第3,736,357号公報に記載されているマンニッヒ分散剤、米国特許第4,234,435号公報、及び米国特許第4,636,322号公報に記載されている無灰系コハク酸イミド分散剤、米国特許第3,219,666号公報、米国特許第3,565,804号公報、及び米国特許第5,633,326号公報に記載されているアミン分散剤、米国特許第5,936,041号公報、米国特許第5,643,859号公報及び米国特許第5,627,259号公報に記載のコッホ分散剤、並びに、米国特許第5,851,965号公報、米国特許第5,853,434号公報、及び米国特許第5,792,729号公報に記載されているポリアルキレンコハク酸イミド分散剤から選択してよい。
酸化防止剤または抗酸化剤は、サービスにおける基油の劣化傾向を減少させ、劣化は、金属表面上の堆積物であるスラッジやワニス状の堆積物などの製品の酸化生成物及び完成した潤滑油の粘度の増加によって評価できる。そのような酸化防止剤は、米国特許第4,867,890号に記載されているヒンダードフェノール、硫化ヒンダードフェノール、C5〜C12アルキル側鎖を有するアルキルフェノールチオエステルのアルカリ土類金属塩、硫化アルキルフェノール、例えばカルシウムノニルフェノール硫化物などの硫化または非硫化アルキルフェノールの金属塩、無灰油溶性フェナ−ト及び硫化フェナート、リン硫化又は硫化炭化水素、リン酸エステル、金属チオカルバメート及び油溶性銅化合物を含む。
追加の摩擦調整剤として使用できる硫黄及びリンを含まない有機モリブデン化合物は、アミノ基及び/またはアルコール基を含む有機化合物と硫黄とリンを含まないモリブデン源を反応させることによって調製することができる。硫黄とリンを含まないモリブデン源の例は、三酸化モリブデン、モリブデン酸アンモニウム、モリブデン酸ナトリウム及びモリブデン酸カリウムを含む。アミノ基はモノアミン、ジアミン、またはポリアミンであってよい。アルコール基は一置換アルコール、ジオールまたはビス−アルコール、またはポリアルコールであってよい。例として、脂肪油とジアミンとの反応は、硫黄やリンを含まないモリブデン源と反応することができるアミノ基とアルコール基の両方の基を含む生成物を生産する。
(1)米国特許第4,259,195号、及び第4,261,843号公報に記載の、モリブデン源と特定の塩基性窒素化合物を反応させることによって調製される化合物。
(2)米国特許第4,164,473号公報に記載の、モリブデン源とヒドロカルビル置換ヒドロキシアルキルアミンを反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(3)米国特許第4,266,945号公報に記載の、フェノールアルデヒド縮合生成物、モノアルキル化アルキレンジアミン、及びモリブデン源を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(4)米国特許第4,889,647号公報に記載の、脂肪油、ジエタノールアミン、及びモリブデン源を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(5)米国特許第5,137,647号公報に記載の、脂肪油または脂肪酸2−(2−アミノエチル)アミノエタノール、及びモリブデン源を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(6)米国特許第4,692,256号公報に記載の、モリブデン源と第二級アミンを反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(7)米国特許第5,412,130号公報に記載の、モリブデン源と、ジオール、ジアミノ、又はアミノアルコール化合物を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(8)米国特許第6,509,303号公報に記載の、脂肪油、モノアルキル化アルキレンジアミン、及びモリブデン源を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
(9)米国特許第6,528,463号公報に記載の、脂肪酸、モノアルキル化アルキレンジアミン、グリセリド、及びモリブデン源を反応させることにより調製される化合物。
い。
(1)米国特許第3,509,051号及び第3,356,702号に記載されている、三酸化モリブデンを第二級アミン及び二硫化炭素と反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(2)米国特許第4,098,705号に記載されている、硫黄を含まないモリブデン源を第二級アミン、二硫化炭素、及び追加の硫黄源と反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(3)米国特許第4,178,258号に記載されている、ハロゲン化モリブデンを第二級アミン及び二硫化炭素と反応させることにより調製される化合物;
(4)米国特許第4,263,152号、第4,265,773号、第4,272,387号、第4,285,822号、第4,369,119号、及び第4,395,343号に記載されている、モリブデン源を塩基性窒素化合物及び硫黄源と反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(5)米国特許第4,283,295号に記載されている、アンモニウムテトラチオモリブデンを塩基性窒素化合物と反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(6)米国特許第4,362,633号に記載されている、オレフィン、硫黄、アミン及びモリブデン源を反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(7)米国特許第4,402,840号に記載されている、アンモニウムテトラチオモリブデンを塩基性窒素化合物及び有機硫黄源と反応させることによって調製される化合物;(8)米国特許第4,466,901号に記載されている、フェノール化合物、アミン及びモリブデン源を硫黄源と反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(9)米国特許第4,765,918号に記載されている、トリグリセリド、塩基性窒素化合物、モリブデン源、及び硫黄源を反応させることにより調製される化合物;
(10)米国特許第4,966,719号に記載されている、アルカリ金属アルキルチオキサントン酸塩(alkylthioxanthate)とモリブデンハロゲン化物とを
反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(11)米国特許第4,978,464号に記載されている、テトラアルキルチウラムジスルフィドをモリブデンヘキサカルボニルと反応させることによって調製される化合物;(12)米国特許第4,990,271号に記載されている、アルキルジキサントゲンをモリブデンヘキサカルボニルと反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(13)米国特許第4,995,996号に記載されている、アルカリ金属アルキルキサントゲン酸塩とジモリブデンテトラアセテートを反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(14)米国特許第6,232,276号に記載されている、(NH4)2Mo3S13 *2H2Oとアルカリ金属ジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸または、テトラアルキルチウラムジスルフィドを反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(15)米国特許第6,103,674号に記載されている、エステルまたは酸と、ジアミン、モリブデン源及び二硫化炭素を反応させることによって調製される化合物;
(16)米国特許第6,117,826号に記載されている、アルカリ金属ジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸と3−クロロプロピオン酸を反応させ、続いて三酸化モリブデンと反応させることによって調製される化合物。
非イオン性ポリオキシアルキレンポリオール及びそのエステル、ポリオキシアルキレンフェノール類、及びアニオン性アルキルスルホン酸からなる群から選択される防錆剤を使用することができる。
成油、ナフサ、アルキル化(例えば、C10〜C13アルキル)ベンゼン、トルエンまたはキシレンのような、実質的に不活性な通常液体の有機希釈剤で希釈する。これらの濃縮物は、通常、反応生成物を、約1重量%〜約100重量%含み、一つの実施形態では、反応生成物を、約10重量%〜約90重量%含む。
本明細書に記載の組成物、添加剤及び濃縮液を配合する際に使用するのに適した基油は、合成または天然油またはそれらの混合物のいずれかから選択することができる。合成基油は、ジカルボン酸、ポリグリコール及びアルコールのアルキルエステル、ポリブテンを含むポリ−α−オレフィン、アルキルベンゼン、有機リン酸、ポリシリコーン油、及びアルキレンオキシドのポリマー、インターポリマー、共重合体の有機エステル、及び末端ヒドロキシル基がエステル化、エ−テル化、等により変更されているその誘導体を含む。合成油には、合成ガス・ツー・リキッド油が含まれる場合がある。天然の基油は、動物油及び植物油(例えば、ヒマシ油、ラード油)、液体石油オイルと水素化物(hydrorefined)、パラフィン系ナフテン系及び混合パラフィン−ナフテン系タイプの溶媒処理または、酸処理鉱物潤滑油を含む。石炭または頁岩から誘導される潤滑粘度の油は、有用な基油である。基油は、典型的に100℃で約2.5〜約15cStの粘度を有しており、約2.5〜約11cStの粘度を有することが好ましい。
以下の手順は、20nmよりも小さい粒子サイズを有する酸化セリウムナノ粒子を製造するために使用する。適切な容器の中で、セリウム(III)アセテート(60g、0.189mol)をオレイルアミン90g(0.336mol)及びオレイン酸90g(0.319mol)と混合する。混合物を120℃まで加熱し、反応物のすべてを溶解し、透明な反応溶液を提供するために1時間その温度に維持した。次に、反応混合物中へ空気を入れるために、チュ−ブを反応混合物の表面下に挿入した。空気の注入を開始し、反応
混合物の温度を220℃まで上昇させ、その温度で3時間維持した。反応性生物は、揮発性の高い有機物を除去するために、711mmHgで15分間ストリップした。生成物を続いて濾過した。X線回折は、図1に示すように結晶酸化セリウム10のナノ粒子を製造したことを確認した。
PCMO内における、セリウム酸化物ナノ粒子の境界の摩擦係数
反応器において、2g(0.0063mol)のセリウム(III)アセテート、3g(0.0106mol)のオレイン酸、及び3g(0.0112mol)のオレイルアミンを攪拌しながら120℃まで過熱した。1時間後、温度は220℃まで上昇し、ガラス管を反応混合物に挿入し、空気を毎分約800立方センチメ−トル(SCCM)で提供した。3時間後、管を除去し、反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。その反応によって、7.5gの反応性生物が得られた。摩擦調整剤フリ−のエンジンオイルの潤滑油内で、1重量%の添加剤を調製した。水溶液は、目に見える粒子はごく微量にしか有していなかった。高周波往復リグ(HFRR)で測定した摩擦係数(μ)は、0.085であった。
実施例3についての手順に従って、追加実験を行い、出発試薬の比率は、低摩擦係数を維持しながら、基油中のセリウム酸化物ナノ粒子の溶解性を向上させるために調整した。反応生成物の溶液は、HFFR試験及び基油溶液中の非溶解性粒子状物質の観察に続いて、基油中で1重量%で調製した。結果は、以下の表にまとめる。摩擦係数(μ)は、スチール上で130℃、4Nおよび20Hzで、HFRRによって決定する。
反応器において、6g(0.0189mol)のセリウム(III)アセテート、9g(0.0624mol)のオレイン酸、及び12g(0.0448mol)のオレイルアミンを攪拌しながら120℃まで過熱した。1時間後、温度は220℃まで上昇し、ガラス管を反応混合物に挿入し、空気を毎分約800立方センチメートル(SCCM)で提供した。3時間後、管を除去し、反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。その反応によって、23.7gの反応性生物が得られた。摩擦調整剤フリ−のエンジンオイルの潤滑油内で、0.5重量%の添加剤を調製した。いくつかの不溶性粒子を、溶液中で観察した。高周波往復リグ(HFRR)で測定した摩擦係数(μ)は、0.135であった(摩擦調整剤を用いない基本製剤についての値0.156と比較)。
反応バイアル中で、6g(0.0189mol)の酢酸セリウム(III)、9g(0.0319mol)のオレイン酸、及び5g(0.0387mol)の2−エチルヘキシルアミンを攪拌しながら120℃まで過熱した。1時間後、温度は195℃まで上昇し、ガラス管を反応混合物へ挿入し、空気を約800sccmで送達した。3時間後、管を取り除き、反応混合物を室温まで冷却した。その反応によって、11.0gの反応性生物を得た。摩擦調整剤無しのエンジンオイル潤滑剤中で、0.5重量%の添加剤溶液を調製した。その溶液はかすんでいなかった。HFRRによって測定された摩擦係数(μ)は、0.127(摩擦調整剤を用いない基本製剤についての値0.158と比較)であった。
擦係数の性能やメリットを実現し、油の腐食性にはほとんど、あるいはまったく副作用を及ぼさずに、それによって車両の汚染制御装置の性能を向上させる必要がある。
潤滑粘度の基油を含む完全配合潤滑剤組成物中に分散した、金属含有ナノ粒子を含む反応生成物の量を提供し、
潤滑される表面に反応生成物を含む潤滑剤組成物を適用することを含み、
反応生成物中のナノ粒子は、自己分散性であり、約150℃〜約250℃の範囲の温度で、溶媒の非存在下で、反応混合物中で、有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンの改善した反応プロセスによって生成された反応生成物を含み、
前記改善が、前記反応混合物中で有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンを約1:1:1〜約1:2:2のモル比で反応させて、実質的な有機媒体内に、約20〜約40重量%の前記ナノ粒子を含む前記反応性生物を提供することを含む、方法。
である、上記1に記載の方法。
潤滑粘度の基油と、
境界摩擦を減らす量の、基油中に分散された自己分散性金属含有ナノ粒子を含む反応生成物、ここで、ナノ粒子は、約150℃〜約250℃の温度範囲で、溶媒の非存在下で反応させる有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンの反応混合物の改善した反応プロセスによって生成され、前記改善は、反応混合物中の有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンをモル比1:1:1〜1:2:2で反応させ、実質的な有機媒体中に約20重量%〜約40重量%のナノ粒子を含む反応生成物を与えることを含む、
を含む組成物。
Claims (10)
- 潤滑面の隣接摩擦係数を低減するための方法であって、
潤滑粘度の基油を含む完全配合潤滑剤組成物中に分散した、金属含有ナノ粒子を含む反応生成物の量を提供し、
潤滑される表面に反応生成物を含む潤滑剤組成物を適用することを含み、
ここで、反応生成物中のナノ粒子は自己分散性であり、反応生成物は、150℃〜250℃の範囲の温度、溶媒の非存在下の、有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンの1:1:1〜1:2:2のモル比の反応混合物の、反応混合物の表面下にもたらされる空気、酸素、窒素及びアルゴンから成る群から選択された雰囲気下での反応によって得られ、実質的な有機媒体内に20〜40重量%の前記ナノ粒子を含む前記反応生成物を提供する生成物を含む、
方法。 - ナノ粒子が、棒状ナノ粒子、球状ナノ粒子、及び板状のナノ粒子から成る群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 雰囲気が空気を含み、空気が、空気を入れるために反応混合物の表面下に挿入したチュ−ブを通して注入される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記有機セリウム塩が、セリウム(III)アセテートで構成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記実質的な有機媒体は、実質的に水を欠いており、前記酸とアミン成分の反応生成物で構成されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記完全調合潤滑剤組成物中の金属含有ナノ粒子の量が、5重量%までの範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 実質的に水および有機溶媒の非存在下に150℃〜250℃の温度範囲で、有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンの混合物を反応させるプロセスによって潤滑油用の自己分散セリウム酸化物ナノ粒子添加物を製造する方法であって、プロセスは、1:1:1〜1:2:2の有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンのモル比を有する反応混合物中であって、反応混合物の表面下にもたらされる空気、酸素、窒素及びアルゴンから成る群から選択された雰囲気下の反応混合物を提供して、20〜40重量%の前記ナノ粒子を実質的な有機媒体中に含む反応生成物を提供することを含む、方法。
- 前記反応混合物は実質的に水を含んでいない、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 潤滑剤組成物であって、
潤滑粘度の基油と、
境界摩擦を減らす量の、基油中に分散された自己分散性金属含有ナノ粒子を含む反応生成物を有し、
ここで、ナノ粒子は、150℃〜250℃の温度範囲で、溶媒の非存在下で反応させる有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンの反応混合物の反応プロセスによって生成され、プロセスは、有機セリウム塩、脂肪酸、及びアミンをモル比1:1:1〜1:2:2で有する反応混合物を、反応混合物の表面下にもたらされる空気、酸素、窒素及びアルゴンから成る群から選択された雰囲気下で反応させ、実質的な有機媒体中に20重量%〜40重量%のナノ粒子を含む反応生成物を与えることを含む、
を含む組成物。 - 前記アミンが、3〜24個の炭素原子を含む不飽和炭化水素アミンを含む、請求項9に記載の潤滑剤組成物。
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US8333945B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
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MX339228B (es) | 2016-05-17 |
US20120214717A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
EP2489637B1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
SG183632A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2489637A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
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