JP5456384B2 - Micrトナー用途のための磁気結晶異方性を有する強磁性ナノ粒子 - Google Patents
Micrトナー用途のための磁気結晶異方性を有する強磁性ナノ粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5456384B2 JP5456384B2 JP2009148721A JP2009148721A JP5456384B2 JP 5456384 B2 JP5456384 B2 JP 5456384B2 JP 2009148721 A JP2009148721 A JP 2009148721A JP 2009148721 A JP2009148721 A JP 2009148721A JP 5456384 B2 JP5456384 B2 JP 5456384B2
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003097 polyterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940051201 quinoline yellow Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012752 quinoline yellow Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004172 quinoline yellow Substances 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L rose bengal Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C1=C2C=C(I)C(=O)C(I)=C2OC2=C(I)C([O-])=C(I)C=C21 AZJPTIGZZTZIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940058287 salicylic acid derivative anticestodals Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003872 salicylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue R Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(=[NH+]CC)C=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
ダウファックス(DOWFAX)2A1(商標)(アニオン乳化剤)434gと脱イオン水387kgの界面活性剤溶液をステンレス鋼貯蔵タンク中で10分間混合する。貯蔵タンクをその後、窒素で5分間パージし、その後、混合物を反応器に移す。その後、反応器を、100RPMで撹拌しながら窒素で連続パージする。反応器をその後80℃まで加熱する。
過硫酸アンモニウム開始剤6.11kgを脱イオン水30.2kgに溶解する。
スチレン315.7kg、アクリル酸ブチル91.66kg、β−CEA12.21kg、1−ドデカンチオール7.13kg、デカンジオールジアクリレート(ADOD)1.42kg、ダウファックス2A1(商標)(アニオン界面活性剤)8.24kg、および脱イオン水193kgを混合し、モノマーエマルジョンを形成させる。
PW725ポリエチレンワックス(重量平均分子量Mw725、融点104℃、ベイカーペトロライト社(Baker-Petrolite)から入手可能)およびアニオン界面活性剤/分散剤としてのダウファックス2A1(商標)を用いて、水性ワックス分散物を調製する。ワックス粒子は直径が約200nmであった。ワックス分散物は30重量%のワックスと、68重量%の水と、2重量%のアニオン界面活性剤からなる。
サンケミカルズ社(Sun Chemicals)から供給されたカーボンブラック(リーガル(REGAL)330R(商標))顔料およびアニオン界面活性剤を水に分散させ、19%の顔料と、2%の界面活性剤と、79%の水との溶液(分散液)を形成させる。
<磁性顔料実施例A>
磁性Fe粒子を、ワタリ(Watari)ら、J. Materials Science、23、1260−1264(1988)に記載されている手順に従い調製する。粒子サイズ0.5μmの鉱物針鉄鉱α−FeOOHを水素雰囲気中、400℃の等温加熱処理下で2時間還元し、粒子を20×20×200nmサイズのFe金属粒子に変換させ、ルボルスキー、J.Appl.Phys、補遺〜Vol.32(3)、171S−184S(1961)により記載されている方法により測定すると、アスペクト比は10/1であり、残留モーメントは72.2emu/gであり、保磁力は1540エルステッドであり、磁気結晶異方性は約4×104J/m3である。磁性Fe粒子19.7gを、20%アニオン界面活性剤ダウファックス2A1(商標)水溶液1.3gを含む水300gに添加する。上記のように調製したカーボンブラック顔料水溶液83gを添加し、3時間ボールミル処理すると顔料分散物が生成する。
磁性FePt粒子を、参照により全体が本明細書に組み入れられている、リら、応用物理ジャーナル(J. Applied Physics)99、08E911(2006)に記載された手順に従い調製する。アルゴン雰囲気中、15nmのfct FePtナノ粒子を化学的に合成する。24時間ボールミル処理したNaCl粉末をヘキサン中に分散させ、混合する。ヘキサン分散物およびfcc FePtナノ粒子を混合する。NaCl:FePtの比率は100:1である。溶媒全てが蒸発するまで混合物を撹拌し、その後、フォーミングガス(93%H2および7%Ar)中、700℃で2時間アニールし、fcc FePtをfct FePtに変換させ、続いて洗浄および乾燥させる。磁性fct FePt粒子は約15nmの直径、1/1のアスペクト比、約40emu/gの残留モーメント、20,000エルステッドの保磁力、および660×104J/m3の磁気結晶異方性を有する。磁性FePt粒子39.9gを20%のアニオン界面活性剤ダウファックス2A1(商標)水溶液1.3gを含む水300gに添加する。上記のように調製した18%カーボンブラック顔料溶液83gを添加し、3時間ボールミル処理すると顔料分散物が生成する。
磁性顔料実施例Aを上記のように調製したラテックスエマルジョン330gと、上記のように調製したワックス分散物90gと、硝酸中に溶解させた10重量%のポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)固体の凝固剤3gとを用いて凝集させる。混合物を約54℃まで加熱し、直径が5.2μmの粒子を生成させる。ラテックスエマルジョン130gを添加し、混合物を約30分間混合すると、直径約5.8μmの粒子が生成する。混合物のpHを、4%NaOH水溶液を用いてpH7.5に調整し、その後、93℃まで加熱し、その間、4%NaOH水溶液を添加することによりpHを7.5に維持する。2.5%硝酸水溶液を用いて、混合物のpHを1〜2時間にわたり5に調整し、その後、再び加熱し、所望の滑らかな形態を有する粒子を生成させる。トナーを4度、水で洗浄し、凍結乾燥機で乾燥させる。
トナー粒子をトナー粒子実施例1で記載したように調製するが、実施例Aで記載したように調製した磁性顔料の代わりに、実施例Bで記載したように調製した磁性顔料を使用する。
2リットルビーカー中、下記をホモジナイズしながら添加する:(1)直鎖アモルファスポリエステル樹脂エマルジョン368.24g(17.03wt%固体、エトキシル化ビスフェノールAまたはプロポキシル化ビスフェノールAおよびフマル酸の溶融縮合により調製、繰り返し単位は約5〜約1000まで変動する)、(2)不飽和結晶ポリエステル樹脂エマルジョン45.03g(固形分31.98wt%、エチレングリコールと、ドデカンニ酸とフマル酸コモノマ類混合物とを含み、ドデカン二酸−エチレングリコール繰り返し単位数は5〜2000まで変動し、フマル酸−エチレングリコールの数は5〜2000繰り返し単位まで変動する)、(3)実施例Aで記載したように調製した磁性Fe/カーボンブラック顔料分散物107.21g、および(4)綿状凝集剤(flocculent)としてのAl2(SO4)3(1.0wt%)47.8g。混合物をその後、2リットルブチ(Buchi)に移し、コア粒子が6.83μmの体積平均粒子サイズおよび1.21GSDに到達するまで、750RPMで凝集させるために45.9℃まで加熱する。上記のように調製したラテックスエマルジョン197.0gをシェルとして添加し、平均粒子サイズ8.33μmおよびGSD1.21のコア/シェル構造粒子を形成させる。NaOHを添加することにより、反応スラリーのpHを6.7まで増加させる。0.45pph EDTA(乾燥トナーに基づく)を添加し粒子成長を中断させ、その後、反応混合物を合一のために加熱し、直径8.07μmおよびGSD 1.22を有する粒子を生成させる。トナースラリーをその後室温まで冷却し、ふるい分け(25μm)により分離し、濾過し、洗浄し、および凍結乾燥させる。
直鎖アモルファスポリエステル樹脂エマルジョンを368.24gではなく318.67g、および実施例Aで記載したように調製した磁性Fe/カーボンブラック顔料分散物ではなく、実施例B由来の磁性FePt/カーボンブラック顔料分散物128.66gを添加することを除き、トナー粒子実施例3で記載したプロセスを実施する。コア粒子が6.93μmの体積平均粒子サイズおよび1.21のGSDに到達するまで、粒子サイズをモニタする。コア/シェル構造粒子は8.34μmのサイズ、1.22のGSDを有する。最終粒子サイズは8.21μm、GSD1.22である。
下記をガラスケトル(kettle)に添加し、IKAウルトラタラックス(Ultra Turrax)T50ホモジナイザを用い4000RPMでホモジナイズする。
下記の点を置き換えて、トナー粒子実施例5で記載したプロセスを実施する:アモルファスポリエステル樹脂エマルジョン88.52gの添加(207nm、33.44wt%、Tg56℃)、アモルファスポリエステル樹脂エマルジョン88.43gの添加(215nm、34.25wt%、Tg60.5℃)、結晶ポリエステル樹脂エマルジョン31.07gの添加(151nm、25.74wt%、Tm71.04℃)、アニオン界面活性剤ダウファックス2A1 2.86gの添加、実施例B由来の磁性FePt/カーボンブラック顔料分散物150.1gの添加、および脱イオン水362.1gの添加。
2%の40nmシリカ、1.8%の40nm酸化チタン、1.7%のゾル−ゲルシリカ、0.5%のステアリン酸亜鉛を含む添加物パッケージをトナーの各々に対し乾式混合させる。この様式で混合させた各々のトナーをその後、米国特許第5,236,629号に記載されているプロセスを用いてポリ(メチル−メタクリレート)およびカーボンブラックから構成される1重量%の導電性ポリマー混合物でコートされた65μm鋼コアキャリヤ粉末と結合させることができる。ゼロックスハイブリッドジャンピング現像プリンタDC265をその後使用して、E13−B MICRフォントを用いMICR文字を印刷することができ、これは、RDMイージーチェック(EasyCheck)MICR品質管理テスタにより読み取られ、許容される信号レベルが確認でき、ANSI規格を満たすためには、各文字の磁気信号強度は文字を認識するためには公称信号強度の50〜200%内になければならない。
Claims (1)
- 1または複数のバインダ樹脂と、
必要に応じて、1または複数の着色剤と、
必要に応じて、1または複数のワックスと、
安定化された磁性単結晶ナノ粒子と、
を含むトナーであって、
トナーは、コア部と前記コア部を被覆するシェル部とを有するコアシェル構造を有し、
前記コア部は、バインダ樹脂としての結晶性ポリエステル樹脂及びアモルファスポリエステル樹脂の両方または少なくとも一方を含み、前記シェル部は、バインダ樹脂としてのアモルファスポリエステル樹脂を含み、
前記磁性単結晶ナノ粒子の磁気異方性の絶対値が2×104J/m3以上であり、磁性単結晶ナノ粒子の添加量が2質量%以上10質量%以下である、トナー。
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