JP5426374B2 - 液体流を気化するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
液体流を気化するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 H 2 O Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0311—Air heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0136—Terminals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0066—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications with combined condensation and evaporation
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Description
液体流、特に液化天然ガスなどの液体炭化水素流を気化する方法であって、
a)閉回路中を循環させる熱媒流体を第1の伝熱ゾーンに送る工程;
b)気化させる液体流を第1の伝熱ゾーンに送る工程;
c)第1の伝熱ゾーンにおける伝熱表面にて前記熱媒流体から前記液体流に熱を与えることで前記液体流を気化させると共に前記熱媒流体を少なくとも部分的に凝縮させる工程;
d)工程c)で得られた気化させた液体流を取り出す工程;
e)工程c)で得られた前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させた熱媒流体を取り出して第2の伝熱ゾーンに送る工程;
f)第2の伝熱ゾーンにおける伝熱表面にて周囲空気から前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させた熱媒流体に熱を与えることで前記熱媒流体を気化させる工程;
g)前記気化させた熱媒流体を第1の伝熱ゾーンに循環させる工程;
を少なくとも含み、
工程g)において、前記閉回路中を循環させる前記熱媒流体に作用する重力を用いて、前記熱媒流体を循環させる、前記方法
を提供する本発明により達成される。
- 気化される液体流が熱媒流体に対して熱交換できる伝熱表面を有する第1の伝熱ゾーンと; - 前記熱媒流体が周囲空気に対して熱交換できる伝熱表面を有する第2の伝熱ゾーンと; - 前記熱媒流体のための閉回路と;
を少なくとも備え、前記第2の伝熱ゾーンが前記第1の伝熱ゾーンよりも重力的に低いところに配置されている、前記装置に関する。
以下、限定するものではないが下記図面により本発明をさらに説明する。
図1は本発明の装置(参照番号1で全体的に示す)が組み込まれたプロセス構成100を概略的に示す。詳しくは、図1はLNG輸入ターミナルでの再ガス化の構成を示す。
2 第1の伝熱ゾーン
3 第2の伝熱ゾーン
4 閉回路
5 LNG貯蔵タンク
6 グリッド又はガス管網
7 ポンプ
8 管
9 支持フレーム
10 液化天然ガス
11 入口
12 出口
13 貫通孔
14 送風機
15 閉鎖箱
18 分離壁
19 フィン
20 LNG流
30 ガス状の天然ガス流
Claims (15)
- 液体流を気化する方法であって、
a)閉回路(4)中を循環させる熱媒流体を第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)に送る工程;
b)気化させる液体流(20)を第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)に送る工程;
c)第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)における伝熱表面にて前記熱媒流体から前記液体流に熱を与えることで前記液体流を気化させると共に前記熱媒流体を少なくとも部分的に凝縮させる工程;
d)工程c)で得られた気化させた液体流(30)を取り出す工程;
e)工程c)で得られた前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させた熱媒流体を取り出して第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)に送る工程、これにより下向きに流れる部分(40A)内で前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)から第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)へ前記熱媒流体を下向きに流す;
f)第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)における伝熱表面にて周囲空気から前記少なくとも部分的に凝縮させた熱媒流体に熱を与えることで前記熱媒流体を気化させる工程;
g)前記気化させた熱媒流体を第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)に循環させる工程、これにより上向きに流れる部分(40B)内で前記第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)から前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)へ前記熱媒流体を上向きに流す;
を少なくとも含み、
工程g)において、前記閉回路(4)中を循環させる前記熱媒流体に作用する重力を用いて前記熱媒流体を循環させ、かつ前記上向きに流れる部分(40B)の外側に伝熱改善装置(19)が設けられ、これにより前記下向きの流れ部分(40A)に前記伝熱改善装置(19)が設けられない;
さらに、前記熱媒流体と第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)中の周囲空気との間の伝熱を改善するために、前記閉回路(4)の外側に沿って周囲空気を下方向に強制する送風機(14)の使用によって周囲空気循環を増大させる;
前記方法。 - 前記閉回路(4)における前記熱媒流体の循環のためにポンプが使用されない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記熱媒流体が90モル%より多いCO2を含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記熱媒流体が約100モル%のCO2を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記熱媒流体の沸点が前記閉回路(4)中の支配的な圧力にて5℃未満である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱媒流体の沸点が前記閉回路(4)中の支配的な圧力にて−10〜0℃である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱媒流体がCO2、エタン、エテン、プロパン、プロペン、ブタン及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれた化合物を含む、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- 前記液体流が液体炭化水素流である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記液体流が液化天然ガス(20)である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 液体流を気化するための装置(1)であって、
- 気化される液体流が熱媒流体に対して熱交換できる伝熱表面を有する第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)と、これにより前記液体流を気化し前記熱媒流体を少なくとも部分的に凝縮する;
- 前記熱媒流体が周囲空気に対して熱交換できる伝熱表面を有する第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)と、これにより前記熱媒流体を気化し;
- 前記熱媒流体を前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)から前記第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)に循環するための閉回路(4)と、これにより下向きに流れる部分(40A)内で第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)から第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)へ前記熱媒流体が下向きに流れ、かつ上向きに流れる部分(40B)内で前記第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)から第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)へ上向きに流れる;
前記熱媒流体と第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)中の周囲空気との間の伝熱を改善するために周囲空気循環を増大させる送風機(14)、前記送風機(14)は前記閉回路(4)の外側に沿って周囲空気を下方向に向ける、
を少なくとも備え、
前記第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)が前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)よりも重力的に低いところに配置されており、前記上向きに流れる部分(40B)の外側に伝熱改善装置(19)が設けられ、これにより前記下向きに流れる部分(40A)に前記伝熱改善装置(19)が設けられない、
前記装置(1)。 - 前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)が支持フレーム(9)により支持される、請求項10に記載の装置(1)。
- 前記閉回路(4)中の前記熱媒流体の循環のためにポンプが存在しない、請求項10又は11に記載の装置(1)。
- 熱媒流体又はその一成分としてのCO2の使用法であって、
第1伝熱ゾーン(2)と第2伝熱ゾーン(3)の間の閉回路(4)内の熱媒流体中でCO2を循環することを含み、
前記熱媒流体が前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)内で少なくとも部分的に凝縮し、かつ前記第2の伝熱ゾーン内で気化し、かつ前記熱媒流体にかかる重力が前記閉回路(4)内で前記熱媒流体を循環するために用いられ、
前記閉回路(4)が下向きに流れる部分(40A)と上向きに流れる部分(40B)を含み、前記上向きに流れる部分(40B)内で気化した熱媒流体を前記第1の伝熱ゾーン(2)へ再循環し、これにより前記気化した熱媒流体が前記上向きに流れる部分(40B)内で上向きに流れ、前記上向きに流れる部分(40B)の外側に伝熱改善装置(19)が設けられ、かつ前記下向きに流れる部分(40A)に前記伝熱改善装置が設けられない、
さらに、前記熱媒流体と第2の伝熱ゾーン(3)中の周囲空気との間の伝熱を改善するために、前記閉回路(4)の外側に沿って周囲空気を下方向に強制する送風機(14)の使用によって周囲空気循環を増大させる、
前記使用法。 - 前記熱媒流体が流体の気化に用いられ、気化される前記流体の温度が5℃未満である、請求項13に記載の使用法。
- 前記熱媒流体が流体の気化に用いられ、気化される前記流体の温度が−170〜0℃である、請求項13に記載の使用法。
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