JP5367221B2 - 二次バッテリ - Google Patents
二次バッテリ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5367221B2 JP5367221B2 JP2006551334A JP2006551334A JP5367221B2 JP 5367221 B2 JP5367221 B2 JP 5367221B2 JP 2006551334 A JP2006551334 A JP 2006551334A JP 2006551334 A JP2006551334 A JP 2006551334A JP 5367221 B2 JP5367221 B2 JP 5367221B2
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical group COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 monophosphate compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical class [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019931 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical class O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001460678 Napo <wasp> Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000223 arsonoyl group Chemical group [H][As](*)(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001849 group 12 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004712 monophosphates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052605 nesosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004762 orthosilicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000807 solvent casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
Aa[Mm,MIn,MIIo](XY4)dZe ,
ここで、
(i) Aは周期律表の1族からの元素およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、0<a≦9;
(ii) M,MIおよびMIIの少なくとも1つはレドックス活性元素で、0<m、n、o≦4、さらに1/2[V(MI)+V(MII)]=V(M)であり、ここでV(M)はMの原子価状態、V(MI)はMIの原子価状態,V(MII)はMIIの原子価状態を示し;
(iii) XY4はX'[O4-x,Y'x],X'[O4-y,Y'2y],X"S4,[X"'z,X'1-z]O4およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(a)X'、X"'はそれぞれ独立してP,As,Sb,Si,Ge,V,Sおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(b)X"はP,As,Sb,Si,Ge,Vおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(c)Y'はハロゲン、S,Nおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(d)0≦x≦3,0≦y≦2,0≦z≦1および1≦d≦3であり;
(iv)Zは水酸基(OH),ハロゲンあるいはそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、かつ0≦e≦4であり;
A,M,MI,MII,X,Y,Z,a,m,n,o,dおよびeは前記物質の電気的中性を保持するように選択される。
本発明は、新規なアルカリ金属含有電極活物質を提供する。前記電極活物質は下記の公称一般式(I)で示される。
Aa[Mm,MIn,MIIo](XY4)dZe ,(I)
Aa[Mm-n-o,MIn,MIIo](XY4)dZe ,(II)
ここで、前記活物質中の1以上の他の成分(たとえばA,XY4およびZ)の化学量論量は電気的に中性を保持するため調整される必要がある。
Aa[Mm-(n/V(M))-(o/V(M)),MIn/V(MI),MIIo/V(MII)](XY4)dZe ,( III)
ここでV(M)はMの原子価状態、V(MI)はMIの原子価状態,V(MII)はMIIの原子価状態を示す。
(a)X'、X"'はそれぞれ独立してP,As,Sb,Si,Ge,V,Sおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(b)X"はP,As,Sb,Si,Ge,Vおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(c)Y'はハロゲン、S,Nおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、
(d)0≦x≦3,0≦y≦2および0≦z≦1である。
Aa[Mm,MIn,MIIo]XY4Ze , (IV)
ここで、
(a)部位A,M,MI,MII,X,YおよびZは上述に限定したものであり;
(b)M,MIおよびMIIの少なくとも1つはレドックス活性元素で、さらに1/2[V(MI)+V(MII)]=V(M)であり、ここでV(M)はMの原子価状態、V(MI)はMIの原子価状態,V(MII)はMIIの原子価状態を示し;
(c)0<a≦2,0<m、n、o≦2および0<e≦1であり;
(d)部位A,M,MI,MII,X,YおよびZの成分、同様にa,m,n,oおよびeの値は前記化合物の電気的中性を保持するように選択される。
Aa[Mm,MIn,MIIo](XY4)3Ze ,(V)
ここで、
(a)部位A,M,MI,MII,X,YおよびZは上述に限定したものであり;
(b)M,MIおよびMIIの少なくとも1つはレドックス活性元素で、さらに1/2[V(MI)+V(MII)]=V(M)であり、ここでV(M)はMの原子価状態、V(MI)はMIの原子価状態,V(MII)はMIIの原子価状態を示し;
(c)0<a≦5,1<m、n、o≦3および0<e≦4であり;
(d)部位A,M,MI,MII,X,YおよびZの成分、同様にa,m,n,oおよびeの値は前記化合物の電気的中性を保持するように選択される。
使用された特定の出発物質は、合成された特定の活物質、採用される反応方法、また好ましい副生成物に依存する。本発明の活物質は、アルカリ金属、M、MI、MIIおよびXY4含有化合物を所望の反応生成物を生成するに十分な温度及び時間反応させることによって合成される。ここで言う"含む"とは、特定の成分を含有する化合物を含み、またはここで特定される成分を生成する反応を含んでいる。
電極を生成するため、本発明の活物質は密着性の混合物を生成するためにポリマー性バインダ(たとえば、ポリビニリデン ジフルオライド(PVdF)およびヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP))と複合される。この混合物は、集電体と電気的に接続し、前記集電体は前記電極と外部負荷間の電気接続を提供する。前記混合物は集電体上に形成あるいは積層される。または、前記混合物から電極フィルムを形成することができ、この場合集電体がフィルム内に埋め込まれている。適した集電体としては、網状またはホイル状金属(例えば、アルミニウム、銅など)が含まれる。電気伝導性賦形剤あるいは電気伝導剤(例えば、カーボンブラックなどの炭素)を電極の電気伝導性を高めるために混合物に添加することができる。1つの実施態様では、ポリマー性バインダを使用しないようにするため、前記電極物質を集電体にまたはその周りにプレス加工する。1つの実施態様では、前記電極は5〜30重量%の電気伝導剤、3〜20重量%のバインダおよび残部電極活物質を含む。
0.5Li2CO3+0.025Cu2O+0.025V2O3+0.45Fe2O3+1.00NH4H2PO4+0.45C→
Li[Fe2+ 0.90,Cu+ 0.05,V3+ 0.05]PO4+0.5CO2+0.45CO+NH3+1.5H2O
0.5モルLi2CO3(モル重量=73.88g/モル) 36.9g
0.025モルCu2O(143.09g/モル) 3.58g
0.025モルV2O3(149.9g/モル) 3.75g
0.45モルFe2O3(159.69g/モル) 71.9g
1.00モルNH4H2PO4(132.06g/モル) 132g
0.45モル炭素(12g/モル) 5.40g
Li[Fe2+ 0.90,Cu+ 0.05,V3+ 0.05]PO4←→
[Fe3+ 0.90,Cu2+ 0.05,V4+ 0.05]PO4+1.0Li++1.0e-
0.5Li2CO3+0.025K2CO3+0.025V2O3+0.45Fe2O3+
1.00NH4H2PO4+0.45C→
Li[Fe2+ 0.90,K+ 0.05,V3+ 0.05]PO4+0.525CO2+0.45CO+NH3+1.5H2O
0.5モルLi2CO3(モル重量=73.88g/モル) 36.9g
0.025モルK2CO3(138.21g/モル) 3.46g
0.025モルV2O3(149.9g/モル) 3.75g
0.45モルFe2O3(159.69g/モル) 71.9g
1.00モルNH4H2PO4(132.06g/モル) 132g
0.45モル炭素(12g/モル) 5.40g
Li[Fe2+ 0.90,K+ 0.05,V3+ 0.05]PO4←→
[Fe3+ 0.90,K+ 0.05,V5+ 0.05]PO4+1.0Li++1.0e-
0.5Li2CO3+0.050Ag2O+0.050Mn2O3+0.40Fe2O3+
1.00NH4H2PO4+0.4C→
Li[Fe2+ 0.8,Ag+ 0.1,Mn3+ 0.1]PO4+0.5CO2+0.4CO
+NH3+1.5H2O
0.5モルLi2CO3(モル重量=73.88g/モル) 36.9g
0.050モルAg2O(231.74g/モル) 11.6g
0.050モルMn2O3(157.87g/モル) 7.89g
0.40モルFe2O3(159.69g/モル) 63.9g
1.00モルNH4H2PO4(132.06g/モル) 132g
0.40モル炭素(12g/モル) 4.80g
Li[Fe2+ 0.8,Ag+ 0.1,Mn3+ 0.1]PO4←→
[Fe3+ 0.8,Ag2+ 0.1,Mn4+ 0.1]PO4+1.0Li++1.0e-
0.5Li2CO3+0.050Ag2O+0.050Ti2O3+0.40Fe2O3+
1.00NH4H2PO4+0.4C→
Li[Fe2+ 0.8,Ag+ 0.1,Ti3+ 0.1]PO4+0.5CO2+0.4CO
+NH3+1.5H2O
0.5モルLi2CO3(モル重量=73.88g/モル) 36.9g
0.050モルAg2O(231.74g/モル) 11.6g
0.050モルTi2O3(143.76g/モル) 7.19g
0.40モルFe2O3(159.69g/モル) 63.9g
1.00モルNH4H2PO4(132.06g/モル) 132g
0.40モル炭素(12g/モル) 4.80g
Li[Fe2+ 0.8,Ag+ 0.1,Ti3+ 0.1]PO4←→
[Fe3+ 0.8,Ag2+ 0.1,Ti4+ 0.1]PO4+1.0Li++1.0e-
Claims (6)
- (A)下記の公称一般式で示される化合物を含む第1の電極;
Li[Mm,MIn,MIIo]PO4,
(ここで、
(i)MIは1+の酸化状態を有する非レドックス活性元素であってK1+,Ru1+,Cs1+からなる群より選択され、あるいは1+の酸化状態を有するレドックス活性元素であってCu1+またはAg1+のいずれかであり、
(ii)Mは2+の酸化状態を有するレドックス活性元素であって、Ti2+,V2+,Cr2+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Mo2+,Si2+,Sn2+,Pb2+からなる群より選択され、
(iii)MIIは3+の酸化状態を有するレドックス活性元素であって、Ti3+,V3+,Cr3+,Mn3+,Fe3+,Co3+,Ni3+,Mo3+,Nb3+からなる群より選択され、
0<m、n、o≦4であり、M,MI,MII,m,nおよびoは該化合物の電気的中性を保持するように選択される。)
(B)第2の電極;および
(C)電解質
を含むバッテリ。 - 前記第2の電極はインサーション活性物質を含む請求項1に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記インサーション活性物質は金属酸化物、金属カルコゲナイド、炭素、グラファイトおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項2に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記インサーション活性物質はグラファイトである請求項2に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質はジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート、ラクトン、エステル、グリム、スルホキシド、スルホランおよびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される溶媒とリチウム塩を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質はEC/DMC、EC/DEC、EC/DPC、及びEC/EMCからなる群から選択される溶媒の組み合わせを含む請求項5記載のバッテリ。
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US8057769B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2011-11-15 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Method for making phosphate-based electrode active materials |
US7524584B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2009-04-28 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Electrode active material for a secondary electrochemical cell |
US6777132B2 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2004-08-17 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Alkali/transition metal halo—and hydroxy-phosphates and related electrode active materials |
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US7060238B2 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-06-13 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Synthesis of metal phosphates |
US20050260498A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-11-24 | Saidi M Y | Secondary electrochemical cell |
US7842420B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2010-11-30 | A123 Systems, Inc. | Electrode material with enhanced ionic transport properties |
US7718319B2 (en) | 2006-09-25 | 2010-05-18 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Cation-substituted spinel oxide and oxyfluoride cathodes for lithium ion batteries |
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CN1910770A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
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EP1719196A4 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
JP2007519209A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
US7008726B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
CN1910770B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
CA2552878A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2005071776A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
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