JP5350792B2 - メイタンシノイド(maytansinoid)抗体複合体の調製方法 - Google Patents
メイタンシノイド(maytansinoid)抗体複合体の調製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、複合体が、薬物と化学的に共役する細胞結合剤を含み、十分に高い純度及び安定性を有する複合体の調製方法に関する。
癌の処置は、より効率良く癌細胞を標的とし、死滅させる医薬品の発展により、非常に進歩してきた。この目的を達成するために、研究者らは、腫瘍特異的又は腫瘍関連薬剤に結合する抗体に基づいた薬物を開発するため、癌細胞によって選択的に発現される細胞表面受容体及び抗原を利用してきた。これに関し、バクテリア及び植物性毒素、放射性核種、並びに特定の化学療法薬といった細胞毒性分子が、腫瘍特異的又は腫瘍関連細胞表面抗原に結合するモノクロナール抗体に化学的に結合されてきた(例、国際特許出願WO00/02587、WO02/060955、及びWO02/092127、米国特許第5,475,092号、同第6,340,701号、及び同第6,171,586号、米国特許出願公開番号2003/0004210 A1、並びにGhetie et al.,J.Immunol.Methods,112:267−277(1988)参照)。このような化合物は概して、各々、毒素、放射性核種、及び薬物「複合体」と称される。しばしばそれらは又、免疫複合体、放射性免疫複合体(radioimmunoconjugates)、及び免疫毒素とも称される。腫瘍細胞の死滅は、薬物複合体の腫瘍細胞への結合並びに薬物の細胞毒性活性の放出又は/及び活性化に基づき起こる。薬物複合体によりもたらされる選択性は、正常細胞に対する毒性を最小化し、それにより、患者において薬物の耐性を促進する。
本発明は、薬物と化学的に共役した細胞結合剤を含む、実質的に高い純度及び安定性を有する複合体の調製方法を提供する。該方法は、(a)細胞結合剤と二官能性架橋試薬とを接触させ、細胞結合剤にリンカーを共有結合させ、それによってリンカーが結合した細胞結合剤を含む第一混合物を調製すること、(b)第一混合物を、接線流濾過、吸着クロマトグラフィ、吸着濾過、選択的沈殿、又はそれらの組合せに供し、それによって、精製された、リンカーが結合した細胞結合剤の第一混合物を調製すること、(c)リンカーが結合した細胞結合剤と薬物とを、pH約4〜約9の溶液中で反応させることによって、薬物を、精製された第一混合物中のリンカーが結合した細胞結合剤と複合化させて、(i)リンカーを介し薬物と化学的に共役した細胞結合剤、(ii)遊離薬物、及び(iii)反応副産物、を含む第二混合物を調製すること、並びに(d)第二混合物を、接線流濾過、吸着クロマトグラフィ、吸着濾過、選択的沈殿、又はそれらの組合せに供し、リンカーを介し薬物と化学的に共役した細胞結合剤を、第二混合物の他の成分から精製し、それによって精製された第二混合物を調製すること、を含む。
本発明は、実質的に高い純度及び安定性を有する細胞結合剤−複合体の調整方法を提供する。このような組成物は、複合体の高い純度及び安定性のため疾患処置に用いられ得る。抗体といった細胞結合剤が、メイタンシノイドといった薬物と化学的に共役したものを含む組成物は、例えば、米国特許出願公開番号2004/0241174 A1中に記述されている。この文脈では、実質的に高い純度とは:(a)複合体種の90%を超える、好ましくは、95%を超えるものが、単量体である、及び/又は(b)複合体調製物中の遊離薬物レベルが2%未満(全薬物に対して)であることとされている。
(CR7R8)l(CR9=CR10)p (C≡C) qA o (CR5R6)mDu(CR11=CR12)r(C≡C)sBt(CR3R4)n−CR1R2SZを表し、
R1及びR2は、各々独立してCH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、又は複素環芳香族若しくはヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
ここでR2は又、Hであり得、
A、B、Dは、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する環状アルキル又は環状アルケニル、単なる若しくは置換されたアリール、又は複素環芳香族、又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R 10 、R11、及びR12は、各々独立して、H、CH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、又は複素環芳香族若しくはヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
l、m、n、o、p、q、r、s及びtの少なくとも二つが同時にゼロではないという条件で、l、m、n、o、p、q、r、s、及びtは各々独立して、ゼロ、又は任意の1〜5の整数であり、
且つZはH、SR又はCORであり、ここでRは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル若しくはアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、又は単なる若しくは置換されたアリール又は複素環芳香族、又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルである〕。
R1及びR2は各々独立してCH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル、又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖又は環状アルキル若しくはアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、ここでR2は又、H3であり得、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は各々独立してH、CH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖又は環状アルキル若しくはアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
1、m、及びnは各々独立して1〜5の整数であり、更に、nはゼロであり得、
ZはH、SR、又はCORであり、ここでRは1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖又は分岐鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する環状アルキル又はアルケニル、あるいは単なる又は置換されたアリール又は複素環芳香族若しくはヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、且つ
MayはC−3、C−14ヒドロキシメチル、C−15ヒドロキシ、又はC−20デスメ
チルにおいて、側鎖を有するメイタンシノイドを表す。〕
R1及びR2は各々独立してCH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル、又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、ここで
R2は又、Hであり得、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は各々独立してH、CH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
l、m、及びnは各々独立して1〜5の整数であり、更に、nはゼロであり得、
且つZがH、SR又はCORであり、ここで、Rが1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、あるいは単なる若しくは置換されたアリール又は複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルである〕。
を表し、
R1及びR2は各々独立してCH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、且つR2は又、Hであり得、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、及びR8は各々独立してH、CH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖環状アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
l、m、及びnは各々独立して1〜5の整数であり、更に、nはゼロであり得、
Z2がSR又はCORであり、ここで、Rは1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、あるいは単なる又は置換されたアリール又は複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、且つMayは、メイタンシノイドである〕。
(CR7R8)l(CR9=CR10)p(C≡C)qA o (CR5R6)mD u (CR11=CR12)r(C≡C) s B t (CR3R4)nCR1R2SZ2
で表され、ここで、R1及びR2は各々独立してCH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖分岐鎖又はアルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する環状アルキル若しくはアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、更に、R2はHであり得、
A、B、及びDは各々独立して、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する環状アルキル若しくは環状アルケニル、単なる若しくは置換されたアリール、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R 10 、R11及びR12は各々独立してH、CH3、C2H5、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、フェニル、置換フェニル、あるいは複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルであり、
l、m、n、o、p、q、r、s及びtの少なくとも二つが同時にゼロではないという条件で、l、m、n、o、p、q、r、s、及びtは各々独立して、ゼロ、又は任意の1〜5の整数であり、且つ
Z2はSR又は−CORであり、ここで、Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する直鎖アルキル又はアルケニル、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する分岐鎖、若しくは環状アルキル又はアルケニル、あるいは単なる又は置換されたアリール又は複素環芳香族又はヘテロシクロアルキルラジカルである〕。
本実施例は、TFFを用いた、ヘテロ二官能性修飾試薬により修飾された抗体の精製について立証する。
本実施例は、吸着クロマトグラフィーを用いた、ヘテロ二官能性修飾試薬により修飾された抗体の精製について立証するものである。
本実施例は、6.5より高いpHにおいて、修飾抗体と薬物とを複合化させる有益な効果について立証するものである。
本実施例は、pH6.0未満における、薬物と修飾抗体との複合化の有益な効果について立証するものである。
本実施例は更に、pH6未満において、薬物を修飾抗体と複合化させることの利点を立証するものである。
本実施例は、修飾抗体を精製する工程は、任意で除去され得ることを立証するものである。薬物は、二官能性修飾試薬と同時に、又は後ほど添加され得る。
本実施例は、ヘテロ二官能性修飾試薬を用いて修飾し、次いでメイタンシノイドと複合化した抗体を精製するための改良方法について立証するものである。
Claims (26)
- 抗体−メイタンシノイド複合体の調製方法であって、該方法が、工程:
(a)抗体と二官能性架橋試薬とを接触させ、抗体にリンカーを共有結合させ、それによってリンカーが結合した抗体を含む第一混合物を調製すること、
(b)第一混合物を、接線流濾過、選択的沈殿、吸着濾過、又は吸着クロマトグラフィーに供し、それによって、精製されたリンカーが結合した抗体を含む第一混合物を調製すること、
(c)リンカーが結合した抗体とメイタンシノイドとを、pH4〜9の溶液中で反応させることによって、メイタンシノイドを、精製された第一混合物中のリンカーが結合した抗体と複合化させて、(i)リンカーを介しメイタンシノイドと化学的に共役した抗体、(ii)遊離メイタンシノイド、及び(iii)工程(c)の間に産生された反応副産物、を含む第二混合物を調製すること、並びに
(d)第二混合物を、接線流濾過に供し、リンカーを介しメイタンシノイドと化学的に共役した抗体を、第二混合物の他の成分から精製し、それによってリンカーを介しメイタンシノイドと化学的に共役した抗体の精製された第二混合物を調製すること、
を含む、方法。 - 吸着クロマトグラフィーが、ヒドロキシアパタイトクロマトグラフィー、疎水性電荷誘導クロマトグラフィー(HCIC)、疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー(HIC)、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、混合モードイオン交換クロマトグラフィー、金属固定化アフィニティークロマトグラフィー(IMAC)、色素リガンドクロマトグラフィー、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー、逆相クロマトグラフィー、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、接線流濾過が用いられる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、選択的沈殿が用いられる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において吸着濾過が用いられる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 工程(b)において、吸着クロマトグラフィーが用いられる、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 工程(c)における溶液がpH4〜6.0である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(c)における溶液がpH6.5〜9である、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(c)における溶液がスクロースを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 工程(c)における溶液が、クエン酸塩緩衝液、酢酸塩緩衝液、コハク酸塩緩衝液、及びリン酸塩緩衝液から成る群から選択される緩衝化剤を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体がモノクロナール抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体がヒト化モノクロナール抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、huN901、huMy9−6、huB4、huC242、トラスツズマブ、ビバツズマブ、シブロツズマブ、CNTO95、huDS6、及びリツキシマブから成る群から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、トラスツズマブである、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、キメラ抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、ヒト化抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、ヒトモノクローナル抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、マウスモノクローナル抗体である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- メイタンシノイドがチオール基を含む、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- メイタンシノイドがN2’-デアセチル−N2’−(3−メルカプト−l−オキソプロピル)−メイタンシン(DM1)である、請求項19記載の方法。
- メイタンシノイドがN2’−デアセチル−N2’−(4−メチル−4−メルカプト−l−オキソペンチル)−メイタンシン(DM4)である、請求項19記載の方法。
- 抗体が、ジスルフィド結合、酸に不安定な結合、光に不安定な結合、ペプチダーゼに不安定な結合、チオエーテル結合、及びエステラーゼに不安定な結合から成る群から選択される化学結合を介して、化学的にメイタンシノイドと共役する、請求項1〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二官能性架橋試薬が、N−スクシンイミジル3−(2−ピリジルジチオ)プロピオネート(SPDP)、N−スクシンイミジル−4−(N−マレイミドメチル)−シクロヘキサン−l−カルボキシ−(6−アミドカプロエート)(LC−SMCC)、κ−マレイミドウンデカン酸N−スクシンイミジルエステル(KMUA)、γ−マレイミド酪酸N−スクシンイミジルエステル(GMBS)、ε−マレイミドカプロン酸N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル(EMCS)、m−マレイミドベンゾイル−N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミドエステル(MBS)、N−(α−マレイミドアセトキシ)−スクシンイミドエステル(AMAS)、スクシンイミジル−6−(β−マレイミドプロピオンアミド)ヘキサノエート(SMPH)、N−スクシンイミジル4−(p−マレイミドフェニル)−ブチレート(SMPB)、N−(p−マレイミドフェニル)イソシアネート(PMPI)、N−スクシンイミジル−4−(ヨードアセチル)−アミノベンゾエート(SIAB)、N−スクシンイミジルヨードアセテート(SIA)、N−スクシンイミジルブロモアセテート(SBA)、及びN−スクシンイミジル3−(ブロモアセトアミド)プロピオネート(SBAP)から成る群から選択される、請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二官能性架橋試薬が、N−スクシンイミジル4−(2−ピリジルジチオ)ブタノエート(SPDB)、N−スクシンイミジル4−(2−ピリジルジチオ)ペンタノエート(SPP)、及びN−スクシンイミジル4−(マレイミドメチル)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート(SMCC)から成る群から選択される、請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 二官能性架橋試薬がN−スクシンイミジル4−(マレイミドメチル)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート(SMCC)である、請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体がトラスツズマブであり、二官能性架橋試薬がN−スクシンイミジル4−(マレイミドメチル)シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート(SMCC)であり、メイタンシノイドがN2’-デアセチル−N2’−(3−メルカプト−l−オキソプロピル)−メイタンシン(DM1)である、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
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