JP5270098B2 - 改良された電極 - Google Patents
改良された電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5270098B2 JP5270098B2 JP2007014078A JP2007014078A JP5270098B2 JP 5270098 B2 JP5270098 B2 JP 5270098B2 JP 2007014078 A JP2007014078 A JP 2007014078A JP 2007014078 A JP2007014078 A JP 2007014078A JP 5270098 B2 JP5270098 B2 JP 5270098B2
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- electrode
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 74
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
CO+1/2O2 →CO2 式1
この技術は、燃料流にCOが存在しない場合に観察される性能に極めて類似する燃料電池の性能を呈する。
燃料電池のアノードに供給する燃料が、残留水準のCOを含む改質ガスである場合は、酸素または酸素含有ガスをアノードに加えて燃料電池を動作させることが適切である。空気または酸素が存在する場合は、第1の触媒成分と共に、CO毒の水準を低下させて、電極および燃料電池の性能を著しく改良する。
2つの電極の性能を図1に示して評価する。単一触媒物質を含む従来技術の電極構造を、「単層」電極と呼ぶ。この電極は(Johnson Matthey Inc.、米国ニュージャージ州)白金/ルテニウム混合触媒を含むインキから形成し、このインキは、白金負荷量が20重量%となるように、(Solution Technology Inc.、米国ペンシルバニア州、メンデンホール、Nafion1100EWの5%溶液として入手した)デュポン社のNafion117ペルフルオロスルホン酸ポリマーの可溶性電解質と共に、触媒混合物をCabot Vulcan XC72Rの導電性カーボンの表面の上に支持した。この電極は、触媒をNafion溶液と混合し、この混合物を(東レ社、日本、東京)Toray TGR−090カーボン繊維紙基材に塗布し、白金負荷量を0.25mg/cm2として形成した。この電極は、 (Dow Chemical Company、米国テキサス州フリーポートから入手したDOW XUS−13204.10の実験膜)ポリマー電解質膜を、アノードと、高負荷(Pt4.0mg/cm2)の白金ブラックで作製した従来技術のカソードとの間で加熱押圧して、MEAのアノードを形成した。触媒層を含む電極の表面は、直接に膜の表面に接着した。
図2は2種類の電極の性能評価を示す。従来技術の電極構造は、単一の触媒物質を含み、ここでも、「単層」電極と呼び、比較例1に記載のように作製した。
図3は3種類の電極の性能評価を示す。従来技術の電極構造は、単一触媒物質を含み、これを「単層」電極と呼ぶ。この電極は、白金ブラック(Pt4.0mg/cm2)およびロジウム・ブラック(Rh1.33mg/cm2)の混合物と、PTFE接着剤とから形成して、Toray TGP−090カーボン繊維紙基材に付着させた。形成された電極は、DuPontのNafion117ペルフルオロスルホン酸ポリマー膜の可溶性層で負荷が0.36mg/cm2 Nafionとなるように、たとえば米国特許第4,876,115に記載の方法を使用して、被覆した。この電極がMEA電極を形成し、これはポリマー電解質膜(Dow XUS−13204.10)を、アノードと従来技術のカソードとの間に加熱押圧した。なおカソードは、高負荷(Pt4.0mg/cm2)の白金ブラックを、可溶性Nafion1100EWポリマー層で、前述と同様な方法によって被覆して作製した。カソードNafionの負荷は0.40mg/cm2とした。触媒層を含む電極面を、直接に膜表面に接着した。
Claims (5)
- 第1の触媒成分および第2の触媒成分を含み、第1の触媒成分が気相反応部位において活性を有しかつ反応ガス流を処理して汚毒物質の濃度を減少させ、第2の触媒成分が電気化学的反応部位において活性を有しかつ汚毒物質を含む反応ガス流の存在において電気化学的反応速度を増大させるように選択されたプロトン交換膜燃料電池用アノード電極であって、
第1の触媒成分は白金でありかつプロトン導電性ポリマー電解質と接触せず、第2の触媒成分は白金/ルテニウムの混合物でありかつプロトン導電性ポリマー電解質と高水準で接触し、反応ガス流が先ず第1の触媒成分と接触しその後に第2の触媒成分と接触するように、第1の触媒成分と第2の触媒成分が物理的に接触しかつ分離された層として配置されているプロトン交換膜燃料電池用アノード電極。 - 請求項1に記載のアノード電極を含むプロトン交換膜燃料電池。
- アノードに供給する燃料が、残留水準のCOを含む改質ガスであり、アノードに酸素または酸素含有ガスを加えて動作する、請求項2に記載のプロトン交換膜燃料電池。
- 請求項1に記載のアノード電極を含む膜電極集合体。
- 請求項4に記載の膜電極集合体を含むプロトン交換膜燃料電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9507012:4 | 1995-04-05 | ||
GBGB9507012.4A GB9507012D0 (en) | 1995-04-05 | 1995-04-05 | Improved electrode |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8084265A Division JPH0927326A (ja) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | 改良された電極 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007180038A JP2007180038A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
JP2007180038A5 JP2007180038A5 (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
JP5270098B2 true JP5270098B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
Family
ID=10772537
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8084265A Withdrawn JPH0927326A (ja) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | 改良された電極 |
JP2007014078A Expired - Lifetime JP5270098B2 (ja) | 1995-04-05 | 2007-01-24 | 改良された電極 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP8084265A Withdrawn JPH0927326A (ja) | 1995-04-05 | 1996-04-05 | 改良された電極 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5795669A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0736921B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPH0927326A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU5048596A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2173563A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69600422T2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB9507012D0 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19615562C1 (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-09 | Zsw | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kombinierten Reinigung und Kompression von CO-haltigem Wasserstoff sowie Verwendung des mit dem Verfahren erhaltenen Wasserstoffs als Brenngas in Brennstoffzellen |
DE19721437A1 (de) * | 1997-05-21 | 1998-11-26 | Degussa | CO-toleranter Anodenkatalysator für PEM-Brennstoffzellen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE19744028C2 (de) * | 1997-10-06 | 2000-03-09 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Elektrode mit aufgebrachten, kohlenmonoxidempfindlichen Katalysatorpartikeln sowie deren Verwendung |
US6329089B1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 2001-12-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell |
US6096448A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-08-01 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic fuel starvation at the anode |
US6472090B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2002-10-29 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic reactant starvation |
US6291091B1 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2001-09-18 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Continuous method for manufacturing a Laminated electrolyte and electrode assembly |
FR2775622A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-03 | Atochem Elf Sa | Catalyseur bimetallique supporte a base de platine ou d'argent, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation pour les cellules electrochimiques |
US6524874B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2003-02-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods of forming field emission tips using deposited particles as an etch mask |
GB9826940D0 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 1999-02-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Electrode |
GB9914023D0 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 1999-08-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Gas diffusion substrate and electrode |
US6300000B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-10-09 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance |
ES2209949T3 (es) * | 1999-08-23 | 2004-07-01 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Estructura anodica de pila de combustible para la tolerancia a la inversion de tension. |
US6936370B1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2005-08-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Solid polymer fuel cell with improved voltage reversal tolerance |
US6183894B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-02-06 | Brookhaven Science Associates | Electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation in fuel cells |
DE19962686A1 (de) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-26 | Siemens Ag | Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle und Herstellungsverfahren dazu |
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-
1995
- 1995-04-05 GB GBGB9507012.4A patent/GB9507012D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-04-03 EP EP96302406A patent/EP0736921B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-03 DE DE69600422T patent/DE69600422T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-04 CA CA002173563A patent/CA2173563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-04 AU AU50485/96A patent/AU5048596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-05 JP JP8084265A patent/JPH0927326A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-05 US US08/628,161 patent/US5795669A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2007
- 2007-01-24 JP JP2007014078A patent/JP5270098B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0927326A (ja) | 1997-01-28 |
EP0736921B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
DE69600422T2 (de) | 1998-12-10 |
US5795669A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
GB9507012D0 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
EP0736921A1 (en) | 1996-10-09 |
AU5048596A (en) | 1996-10-17 |
JP2007180038A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
DE69600422D1 (de) | 1998-08-20 |
CA2173563A1 (en) | 1996-10-06 |
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