JP5250548B2 - 疾患の治療のための補体h因子の標的化 - Google Patents
疾患の治療のための補体h因子の標的化 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2006年6月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/815,748号に対する優先権の利益を主張するものであって、米国仮特許出願第60/815,748号の内容は、その全体が参照として援用される。
本出願は、補体活性化副経路が関与する疾患を治療する組成物および方法に関する。具体的には、本出願は、CR2−FH分子に関し、かつ補体活性化副経路が関与する疾患を治療するためにその分子を使用する。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所により授与された助成(契約)第AI47469号、同第AI31105号、同第EY13520号のもと政府の支援によりなされた。
補体とは一連の血中タンパク質の総称であり、かつ免疫系の主要なエフェクター機構である。補体は、多数の自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、および虚血性疾患の病態において重要な役割を果たし、かつ生体不適合性に関連する数多くの病状の原因でもある。不適切な補体活性化および宿主細胞上でのその沈着は、炎症の強力なメディエターが生成されるために標的構造体の補体により媒介される細胞溶解、ならびに組織破壊がもたらされる可能性がある。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
CR2−FH分子であって、a)CR2またはその断片を含むCR2部分と、b)FHまたはその断片を含むFH部分を含み、前記CR2−FH分子がCR2リガンドに結合することが可能であり、かつ前記CR2−FH分子が補体活性化副経路の補体活性化を抑制することが可能である、CR2−FH分子。
(項目2)
前記CR2部分がCR2の少なくとも最初の2つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目3)
前記CR2部分がCR2の少なくとも最初の4つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目4)
前記FH部分がFHの少なくとも最初の4つのSCRドメインを含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目5)
前記FH部分がFHの少なくとも最初の5つのSCRドメインを含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目6)
前記CR2−FH分子が2つ以上のFH部分を含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目7)
前記CR2部分がCR2の最初の4つのN末端SCRドメインを含み、かつ前記FH部分がFHの最初の5つのSCRドメインを含む、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目8)
前記CR2部分が配列番号1の23〜271のアミノ酸を含み、かつ前記FH部分が配列番号2のアミノ酸21〜320を含む、項目7に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目9)
前記CR2−FH分子が融合タンパク質である、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
(項目10)
項目9に記載の融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(項目11)
項目10に記載のポリヌクレオチドをコードするベクター。
(項目12)
項目11に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む宿主細胞。
(項目13)
医薬組成物であって、項目1に記載のCR2−FH分子および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
(項目14)
前記組成物が眼内投与、静脈内投与、動脈内投与、皮下投与、気管内投与、または吸入投与に適している、項目13に記載の組成物。
(項目15)
個体において補体活性化副経路が関与する疾患を治療する方法であって、前記個体に項目13に記載の医薬組成物の有効量を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目16)
前記補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が黄斑変性症、関節リウマチ、虚血再灌流障害、臓器移植拒絶反応、MPGN II、HUS、およびループス腎炎のいずれかである、項目15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が加齢黄斑変性症である、項目16に記載の方法。
(項目18)
補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が虚血再灌流障害である、項目16に記載の方法。
(項目19)
補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が臓器移植拒絶反応である、項目16に記載の方法。
CR2−FH分子、およびCR2−FH分子を含む組成物
本明細書で提供されるのは、CR2−FH分子およびCR2−FH分子を含む組成物(例えば、医薬組成物)である。
CR2部分
本明細書に記載するCR2部分は、CR2またはその断片を含む。CR2は、主に成熟したB細胞上および濾胞樹状細胞上で発現する膜貫通タンパク質である。CR2は、C3結合タンパク質ファミリーの一員である。CR2に対する天然リガンドとしては、例えば、iC3b、C3dg、およびC3d、ならびにCR2の2つのN末端SCRドメインに結合するC3bの細胞結合分解断片が含まれる。C3の切断は、最初にC3bの生成をもたらし、次いで活性化細胞表面へのこのC3bの共有結合をもたらす。C3b断片は、補体カスケードを増幅する酵素複合体の生成に関与する。細胞表面でC3bは、特に、補体活性化の調節因子を含む宿主表面(すなわち大部分の宿主組織)に沈着すると、急速に不活性iC3bに変わる。膜に結合した補体調節因子の非存在下でさえ、かなりのレベルのiC3bが形成される。iC3bは続いて消化され、膜結合断片C3dgが生じ、次いで血清プロテアーゼによってC3dが生じるが、このプロセスは比較的ゆっくりと行われる。このように、CR2に対するC3リガンドは、一旦産生されると比較的寿命が長く、補体活性化の部位で高濃度下でも存在する。従ってCR2は、補体活性化の部位に分子を架橋するための強力な標的化ベヒクルとして役立つことが可能である。
H因子部分
本明細書に記載するCR2−FH分子のFH部分は、FHまたはその断片を含む。
CR2−FH分子の異型
CR2−FH分子の異型(例えば、CR2−FH融合タンパク質)も包含される。本明細書に記載するCR2−FH分子の異型は以下のようである:(i)CR2部分および/またはFH部分の1つまたは複数のアミノ酸残基が保存アミノ酸または非保存アミノ酸の残基(好ましくは保存アミノ酸残基)と置換されたもので、かつこのような置換されたアミノ酸残基は、遺伝子暗号によってコードされたものである可能性がある、または可能性がない、または(ii)CR2部分および/またはFH部分の1つまたは複数のアミノ酸残基が置換基を含むもの、または(iii)CR2−FH分子(例えば、CR2−FH融合タンパク質)が別の化合物(例えば、CR2−FH分子(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール)の半減期を増大させる化合物)と融合するもの、または(iv)付加的アミノ酸がCR2−FH分子(例えば、CR2−FH融合タンパク質)に融合するもの、例えば、リーダー配列もしくは分泌配列またはCR2−FH分子(例えば、CR2−FH融合タンパク質)の精製に使用される配列、あるいは(v)CR2−FH分子(例えば、CR2−FH融合タンパク質)が大きなポリペプチド(例えば、ヒトアルブミン、抗体、またはFc)に長期の効果持続期間の間、融合するもの。このような異型は、本明細書の教示から当業者の範囲内であると見なされる。
CR2−FH分子の調製
本明細書に記載するCR2−FH分子(またはCR2−FH分子の2つの部分)は、化学合成法によって、またはCR2部分をコードするポリヌクレオチドとFH部分(リンカー配列を有するもしくは前記配列がない)をコードするポリヌクレオチドとを結合し、結果として生じるポリヌクレオチド分子を、前記分子を発現することが可能な宿主細胞をトランスフェクトするためのベクターに導入することによって行われることが可能である。化学合成、特に固相合成は、短いペプチドのためにまたは非天然アミノ酸もしくは異常アミノ酸(例えば、D−Tyr、オルニチン等)を含むペプチドのために好まれる。組換え方法は、長いポリペプチドのために好まれる。CR2−FH分子は、タンパク質精製法によってin vitroで単離可能である。CR2−FH分子は、遺伝子治療系を目的の組織に導入し、次いでCR2−FH融合を発現させることによって“in situ”で提供可能でもある。
CR2−FHをコードするポリヌクレオチドを採取すること、それを適切なベクターに挿入すること、そのベクターを適切な宿主細胞に挿入すること、およびそれによって生成される融合タンパク質を回収するまたは単離することを含む。
医薬組成物
また、本発明ではCR2−FH分子および薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物を提供する。前記医薬組成物は、本明細書に記載する種々の投与モード(例えば、全身投与または局所投与を含む)に適していることがある。前記医薬組成物は、点眼剤、注射剤の形態、または吸入投与(経口的もしくは経鼻的のいずれかで)または経口投与に適した形態であり得る。本明細書に記載する医薬組成物は、単一単位投与形態または多投与形態でパッケージ可能である。
CR2−FH分子およびその組成物の用途
本明細書に記載するCR2−FH分子は、補体活性化副経路のin vivo補体活性化およびそれに伴う炎症性症状(例えば、マクロファージ、好中球、血小板およびマスト細胞の動員および活性化、浮腫、組織損傷、ならびに局所細胞および内在細胞の直接的活性化)を特異的に抑制するよう機能可能である。CR2−FH分子を含む組成物は、従って、補体系の過剰活性化または無制限活性化によって媒介される疾患または状態、特に補体第ニ経路の過剰活性化または無制限活性化によって媒介される疾患または状態の治療に使用可能である。一部の実施形態では、局所炎症のプロセスに関与する疾患の治療方法が提供される。一部の実施形態では、FH欠損(例えば、FHレベルの減少、FH活性の減少、または野生型FHもしくは保護FHの欠如)と付随する疾患の治療方法が提供される。前記疾患としては、以下が含まれる:加齢黄斑変性症、膜性増殖性糸球体腎炎、タンパク尿疾患、溶血性尿毒症候群、再発性細菌感染症、虚血再灌流障害(例えば、腎虚血再灌流障害もしくは腸管虚血再灌流障害)、臓器移植拒絶反応、および慢性炎症(例えば、関節リウマチ)。
遺伝子治療
CR2−FH分子は、また、in vivoでCR2−FH融合タンパク質の発現によって送達可能であり、これは、「遺伝子治療」と呼ばれることが多い。例えば、細胞は、CR2−FH融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド(DNAまたはRNA)を使用してex vivoで操作可能であり、次いで、操作された細胞は、前記融合タンパク質を使用して治療される個体に提供される。このような方法は、当該技術分野で周知の方法である。例えば、細胞は、本発明のCR2−FH融合タンパク質をコードするRNAを含有するレトロウイルス粒子を使用しての当該技術分野で公知の方法によって操作可能である。
i et al. (1994),supra,p.373。
単位投与量、製品、およびキット
また、CR2−FH分子組成物の単位剤形が提供され、各投与量は、約0.01mg〜約50mg(例えば、約0.1mg〜約50mg、約1mg〜約50mg、約5mg〜約40mg、約10mg〜約20mg、または約15mgのいずれかでCR2−FH分子を含む)を含有する。一部の実施形態では、CR2−FH分子組成物の単位剤形は、約0.01mg〜0.1mg、0.1mg〜0.2mg、0.2mg〜0.25mg、0.25mg〜0.3mg、0.3mg〜0.35mg、0.35mg〜0.4mg、0.4mg〜0.5mg、0.5mg〜1.0mg、10mg〜20mg、20mg〜50mg、50mg〜80mg、80mg〜100mg、100mg〜150mg、150mg〜200mg、200mg〜250mg、250mg〜300mg、300mg〜400mg、または400mg〜500mgのいずれかでCR2−FH分子を含む。一部の実施形態では、単位剤形は、約0.25mgのCR2−FH分子を含む。用語「単位剤形」は、個体のための単位投与量として適した物理的に別々の単位をいう。各単位は,適切な医薬担体、希釈剤、または賦形剤と関連して、所望の治療効果をもたらすよう算出された活性物質の所定量を含有する。これらの単位剤形は、単回または複数回の単位投与量で適切なパッケージングに貯蔵可能であり、またさらに無菌化され、密封できる。
図4〜6は、本明細書に記載するCR2−FH分子の典型的なアミノ酸配列(配列番号5〜10)を示す。「nnn」は、オプションのリンカーを表す。
(実施例2) CR2−FHによる補体活性化副経路のin vitroでの抑制
CR2の最初の4つのSCRドメインおよびFHの最初の5つのSCRドメインを含むマウス融合タンパク質(リンカーを介して(CR2LFH)またはリンカーなしで(CR2NLFHもしくはCR2−fH))を組換えDNAクローニングおよび遺伝子発現方法で作製した。CR2−FH融合タンパク質の1例の配列を図9に示す。配列番号17は、CR2−FH融合タンパク質のポリヌクレオチド配列である。配列番号18は、シグナルペプチドのN末端でCR2−FH融合タンパク質ならびにシグナルペプチドをコードするために使用されるヌクレオチドである。
(実施例3) CR2−FHによる腸管虚血および再灌流障害の治療
この実験は、マウスモデルにおける腸管虚血および再灌流障害の治療を示す。
組織診断:組織染色のための組織試料を腸から採取した。前記試料を4℃で10%ホルマリン中に一晩固定してからパラフィンで処理するために処置するか、あるいは免疫蛍光分析のために液体窒素で凍結させた。それぞれの動物からの腸切片をヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン染料で染色し、前述(46)のように、粘膜損傷と絨毛高をスコアを付けた。手短に言えば、正常な絨毛をスコア0とし、先端に歪みを有する絨毛をスコア1とした。杯細胞が欠如し、Gugenheims空隙を含む絨毛をスコア2とした。上皮細胞のパッチ状崩壊を有する絨毛をスコア3とした。露出しているがインタクトな固有層および上皮細胞脱落を有する絨毛をスコア4とした。固有層が滲出している絨毛をスコア5とし、最後に、出血を示す絨毛または裸出した絨毛をスコア6とした。すべての組織学的評価を盲検様式で行った。
(実施例3.1) マウスCR2−FHによる腸管虚血および再灌流障害の治療
実験を、基本的に実施例3に開示するように行った。
(実施例3.2) マウスCR2−FHによる腸管虚血および再灌流障害の治療
この実験は、補体活性化副経路および腸管虚血再灌流障害に対するマウスCR2−fHおよびCR2−fH2の効果を示す。基本的に上述のように実験を行う。
(実施例4) マウスCR2−FHによる腎虚血再灌流障害の治療
本実施例は、腎虚血再灌流障害に対するCR2−FHの効果を示す。
(実施例5) CR2−FHによる加齢黄斑変性症の治療
光照射に連続的に曝された白ネズミを、加齢黄斑変性症(乾燥型AMD)の動物モデルとして使用する。5〜8匹の動物に、一日おきにCR2−FH融合タンパク質(4.3mg/ml原液から1μl)を麻酔下で眼内に注射した。1回目の注射は、連続的光曝露(−1日目、1日目、3日目、5日目、7日目)の開始前日に始めた。一方の眼は実験用としての役割を果たし、他方の眼はPBSを注射する対照眼としての役割を果たす。8日目にERGを使用して動物を検査し、次いで組織診断およびPCR分析のために安楽死させる。CR2−FHを注射した眼において光受容体の列数をPBS対照眼のそれと比較する。
(実施例6) マウスCR2−FHによるCNVのボリュームの減少
CNV生成のために、3月齢の動物にキシラジンおよびケタミン(それぞれ、20mg/kgおよび80mg/kg)を使用して麻酔し、フェニレフリンHCl(2.5%)および硫酸アトロピン(1%)を1滴滴下して瞳孔を散大させた。アルゴンレーザー光凝固術(532nm、スポットサイズ50μm、照射時間0.05秒、250mW)を使用して視神経に囲まれた各眼に4ヶ所のレーザースポットを生成した。コンタクトレンズとして小形のカバースリップを使用した。レーザースポットで形成された泡は、ブルッフ膜の破裂を示した。Nozaki et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 2006, 103(7):2328−33。
(実施例7) 異所性心臓移植のマウスモデルにおける抗体仲介性拒絶反応の開始を、マウスCR2−FHによって遅延させる
この実験では、心臓をC3HドナーマウスからBalb/cレシピエントマウスに異所性移植した。この系統の組み合わせは、急性血管拒絶反応を促進するTH2免疫表現型を促進させ、坑移植片抗体の産生および補体活性化断片の移植片沈着によって特徴づけられる。
(実施例8) ヒトCR2−FHによる補体活性化副経路の抑制
シグナルペプチドを含まないヒトCR2−FHのタンパク質配列(配列番号21、CR2fHとしても命名される)およびヒトCR2−FH2のタンパク質配列(配列番号23、CR2fH2としても命名される)は、それぞれ図20および図21に示す。シグナルペプチドのヌクレオチド配列を含むヒトCR2−FH(配列番号22)およびヒトCR2−FH2(配列番号24)の核酸配列は、それぞれ図20および図21に示す。
(実施例9) マウスCR2−FHによる補体活性化副経路の抑制
本実施例は、古典経路を欠損したマウスの血清を使用するマウスCR2−FHによって補体活性化副経路の抑制を示す。
Claims (19)
- 補体受容体2(「CR2」)−H因子(「FH」)分子であって、a)CR2またはその断片を含むCR2部分と、b)FHまたはその断片を含むFH部分を含み、該CR2−FH分子のCR2部分がCR2リガンドに結合することが可能であり、かつ該CR2−FH分子のFH部分が補体活性化副経路の補体活性化を抑制することが可能であり、
該CR2部分がCR2の少なくとも最初の2つのN末端SCRドメインを含み、
該FH部分がFHの少なくとも最初の4つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、CR2−FH分子。 - 前記CR2部分がCR2の少なくとも最初の4つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 前記FH部分がFHの少なくとも最初の5つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 前記CR2−FH分子が2つ以上のFH部分を含み、ここで該2つ以上のFH部分はそれぞれ、補体活性化副経路の補体活性化を抑制することが可能である、FHまたはその断片を含む、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 前記CR2部分がCR2の最初の4つのN末端SCRドメインを含み、かつ前記FH部分がFHの最初の5つのN末端SCRドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 前記CR2部分が配列番号1の23〜271のアミノ酸を含み、かつ前記FH部分が配列番号2のアミノ酸21〜320を含む、請求項5に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 前記CR2−FH分子が融合タンパク質である、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子。
- 請求項7に記載の融合タンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項8に記載のポリヌクレオチドをコードするベクター。
- 請求項9に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む宿主細胞。
- 医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載のCR2−FH分子および薬学的に許容される担体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が眼内投与、静脈内投与、動脈内投与、皮下投与、気管内投与、または吸入投与に適している、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 個体において補体活性化副経路が関与する疾患を治療するための請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が黄斑変性症、関節リウマチ、虚血再灌流障害、臓器移植拒絶反応、膜性増殖性糸球体腎炎II型(「MPGN II」)、溶血性尿毒症候群(「HUS」)、およびループス腎炎のいずれかである、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が加齢黄斑変性症である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が虚血再灌流障害である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 補体活性化副経路が関与する前記疾患が臓器移植拒絶反応である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記HUSがH因子に関連する、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 補体活性化副経路が関与する疾患を有する個体を治療するための請求項11に記載の組成物であって、該疾患は、微小血管症性溶血性貧血、血小板減少症、および急性腎不全を含む症状により特徴付けられる、組成物。
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CA2656063A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
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WO2007149567A2 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
HK1129689A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 |
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CA2656063C (en) | 2016-10-18 |
DK2044111T3 (en) | 2014-11-17 |
ES2523640T3 (es) | 2014-11-28 |
CN101563363B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
EP2826788B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20080221011A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
EP2044111B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
JP2009540831A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
EP2826788A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US20110015127A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
SI2044111T1 (sl) | 2015-02-27 |
WO2007149567A3 (en) | 2008-05-02 |
CN101563363A (zh) | 2009-10-21 |
PL2044111T3 (pl) | 2015-02-27 |
EP2044111A2 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
BRPI0712987A2 (pt) | 2012-04-10 |
AU2007261315A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
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