JP5215863B2 - N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドおよび関連化合物を調製するための酸化プロセス - Google Patents
N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドおよび関連化合物を調製するための酸化プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5215863B2 JP5215863B2 JP2008540241A JP2008540241A JP5215863B2 JP 5215863 B2 JP5215863 B2 JP 5215863B2 JP 2008540241 A JP2008540241 A JP 2008540241A JP 2008540241 A JP2008540241 A JP 2008540241A JP 5215863 B2 JP5215863 B2 JP 5215863B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 125000004850 cyclobutylmethyl group Chemical group C1(CCC1)C* 0.000 title claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 title description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 125000006318 tert-butyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 title description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- -1 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical group [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001316 cycloalkyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;hypobromite Chemical compound [Na+].Br[O-] CRWJEUDFKNYSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical group [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004588 thienopyridyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=N2)* 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004659 aryl alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VSWICNJIUPRZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperideine Chemical group C1CNC=CC1 VSWICNJIUPRZIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 CC1(C)[C@@](C2)C1C(C(NC(*)C(C(N)=O)O)=O)N2C(C(*)NC(N*)=O)=O Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@](C2)C1C(C(NC(*)C(C(N)=O)O)=O)N2C(C(*)NC(N*)=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 241000711549 Hepacivirus C Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000005176 Hepatitis C Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003435 aroyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- RCCPEORTSYDPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy benzenecarboximidothioate Chemical compound OSC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCCPEORTSYDPMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004514 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004530 1,2,4-triazinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=NC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- JPRPJUMQRZTTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolanyl Chemical group [CH]1OCCO1 JPRPJUMQRZTTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBXZSFNZVNDOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine Chemical compound C1CNC=NC1 VBXZSFNZVNDOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005940 1,4-dioxanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001088 1-naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001216 2-naphthoyl group Chemical group C1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004364 3-pyrrolinyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XUXUHDYTLNCYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-TEMPO Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(C)N1[O] XUXUHDYTLNCYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZEKUJQZROJQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxamide Chemical class C1NC(C(N)=O)C2C(C)(C)C21 AZEKUJQZROJQQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical group C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000012479 Serine Proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022999 Serine Proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005213 alkyl heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005334 azaindolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(C2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005513 benzoazaindolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012455 biphasic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003493 decenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004852 dihydrofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005057 dihydrothienyl group Chemical group S1C(CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005072 dihydrothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(CCC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003838 furazanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004447 heteroarylalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004446 heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005150 heteroarylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005143 heteroarylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005368 heteroarylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005945 imidazopyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004370 n-butenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(/[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005029 naphthylthio group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006574 non-aromatic ring group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004592 phthalazinyl group Chemical group C1(=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001325 propanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005344 pyridylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(=N1)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003507 tetrahydrothiofenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring condensed with a ring other than six-membered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0202—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-X-X-C(=0)-, X being an optionally substituted carbon atom or a heteroatom, e.g. beta-amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明は、式Aの以下の構造:
(1R,2S,5S)−N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドは、特許文献1および同時係属中の米国特許出願第10/052,386号(2002年1月18日に出願された)、米国特許出願第10/867,600号、米国特許出願第10/867,601号および米国特許出願第10/867,602号(全て、2004年6月15日に出願された)中に開示されており、これらの全ては、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
一局面において、本願は、式I:
上記および本明細書にわたって使用される場合、以下の用語は、他に示されない限り、以下の意味を有すると理解されるべきである:
「アルキル」は、直鎖状でも分枝状でもよく、約1〜約20個の炭素原子を鎖中に含む脂肪族炭化水素基を意味する。好ましいアルキル基は、鎖中に約1〜約12個の炭素原子を含む。さらに好ましいアルキル基は、鎖中に約1〜約6個の炭素原子を含む。分枝状とは、1つ以上の低級アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチルもしくはプロピル)が直鎖状のアルキル鎖に結合していることを意味する。「低級アルキル」は、直鎖状でも分枝状でもよい鎖中に約1〜約6個の炭素原子を有する基を意味する。用語「置換アルキル」は、1つ以上の置換基によって置換され得るアルキル基を意味し、ここでこの置換基は同じであっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれの置換基は、ハロ、アルキル、アリール、シクロアルキル、シアノ、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、アルキルチオ、アミノ、−NH(アルキル)、−NH(シクロアルキル)、−N(アルキル)2、カルボキシおよび−C(O)O−アルキルからなる群より独立して選択される。適切なアルキル基の非限定的な例としては、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、t−ブチル、n−ペンチル、ヘプチル、ノニルおよびデシル、フルオロメチル、トリフルオロメチルおよびシクロプロピルメチルが挙げられる。
g=グラム
mL=ミリリットル
eq=当量
mmol=ミリモル
DMF=ジメチルホルムアミド
NaOAc=酢酸ナトリウム
TEMPO=2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ遊離ラジカル(Aldrichから入手可能であり、そしてそのまま使用される)
MTBE=メチルtert−ブチルエーテル
NaOCl=次亜塩素酸ナトリウム
Equiv=当量
他に示されない限り、全ての溶媒は市販物品であり、全ての試薬はそのまま使用された。
1Lの3つ首フラスコに、KBr(10g、84mmol)、NaOAc(10g、122mmol)、化合物1(50g、96mmol)およびTEMPO(15g、96mmol)を入れ、その後、500mLのMTBEを入れる。この反応混合物を、350〜400rpmで攪拌し、そして温度を10℃〜20℃の温度に保つ。酢酸(50mL、874mmol)および水(5mL)をこの反応混合物中に加え、そして2相の混合物を15分間激しく攪拌する。継続して2時間の間に、158mLのNaOCl(130mmol)の0.82M溶液をこの反応混合物に加える。全てのNaOCl溶液を加えたら、この反応混合物を温度を保ちながらさらに3時間攪拌する。水(50mL)を加える。層を分離させ、有機層を水(2×250mL)で2回洗浄する。アスコルビン酸の溶液(50gのアスコルビン酸ナトリウム、200mLの水、および50mLの4N HClから調製される)をこの有機層に加え、そしてこの混合物を約1時間攪拌する。層を分離させた後、有機層を水(2×250mL)で2回洗浄する。有機層を、総容量が約350mLになるまで低温(0〜5℃)で溶媒を蒸留させて、濃縮する。濃縮された有機層を、2Lのn−ヘプタンを有する3Lのフラスコに約0℃で30分にわたって滴下して、白色沈殿物を得る。この白色沈殿物をろ過によって収集し、n−ヘプタン(400mL)で洗浄し、そして真空オーブン内で乾燥させる(25℃で2時間、35℃で8時間、そして45℃で8時間)。生成物を白色粉末として得る(典型的には、94〜96%収率)。
2Lの3つ首フラスコに、KBr(20g、168mmol)、NaOAc(20g、243mmol)、化合物1(100g、192mmol)およびTEMPO(30g、192mmol)を加え、続いて800mLのMTBEを加えた。この反応混合物を、この反応混合物の温度を10℃〜20℃に保ちながら350〜400rpmで攪拌した。酢酸(70mL、1223mmol、そのまま使用する)を加え、そしてこの混合物をさらに15分間激しく攪拌した。継続して2時間の間に、315mlのNaOCl(230mmol)の0.73M溶液をこの反応混合物に加えた。全てのNaOCl溶液を加えたら、激しい攪拌をさらに3時間続けた。この3時間の最後に水(100mL)をこの反応混合物に加えた。層を分離させ、そして有機層を水(500mL)で1回洗浄した。アスコルビン酸の溶液(100gのアスコルビン酸ナトリウム、456mLの水および44mLの36% HClから調製される)を有機層に加え、そしてこの混合物を約2時間攪拌した。層を分離させ、その後、3.5N HCLの溶液を加え、そして約30分攪拌した。層を分離させた後、有機層を水(3×500mL)で3回洗浄した。その後、この有機層を、3Lのn−ヘプタンを有する5Lフラスコに30分にわたって約−10℃〜約0℃で滴下した。白色沈殿物をろ過し、n−ヘプタン(600mL)で洗浄し、そして真空オーブン中で乾燥させた(25℃で2時間、35℃で8時間、そして45℃で8時間)。生成物を白色粉末として得た(93%収率)。
Claims (31)
- 1〜2当量の前記酸化剤が使用される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化反応がさらに触媒を使用する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 式IIの化合物を基にして、前記触媒が0.1〜3当量の量で前記反応において存在する、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒が、2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ遊離ラジカル、4−メトキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ遊離ラジカルおよび4−アミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ遊離ラジカルからなる群より選択される、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化反応がさらに共触媒を使用する、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記共触媒が、臭化カリウムもしくは臭化ナトリウムである、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 第二の共触媒を包含する、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記共触媒が、酢酸カリウムもしくは酢酸ナトリウムである、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 共触媒の量が、0.1〜3当量である、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 酸の量が、0.1〜3当量の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸が、酢酸、ClCH2COOH、Cl2CHCOOH、Cl3CCOOHおよびCF3COOHからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化反応の温度が、0℃〜80℃の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記反応の温度が、10℃〜50℃の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化剤がNaOClであり、前記触媒が2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−1−ピペリジニルオキシ遊離ラジカルであり、そして前記共触媒がKBrである、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化反応の温度が、15℃〜30℃の範囲である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- R1およびR2がt−ブチルであり、そしてR3がシクロブチルメチルである、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化反応工程の後に、触媒除去試薬を加える工程をさらに包含する、請求項3に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒除去試薬が、アスコルビン酸、無機酸およびこれらの混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項18に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒除去試薬がアスコルビン酸であり、そして、0.1〜3当量の量で加えられる、請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 前記触媒除去試薬が、3N〜5Nの濃度のHClであり、式IIの化合物の重量を基にして、1〜10倍の容量の量で加えられる、請求項18に記載のプロセス。
- R1およびR2がtert−ブチルであり、そしてR3がシクロブチルアルキルである、請求項22に記載のプロセス。
- R1およびR2がtert−ブチルであり、そしてR3がシクロブチルアルキルである、請求項24に記載のプロセス。
- R1およびR2がtert−ブチルであり、そしてR3がシクロブチルアルキルである、請求項26に記載のプロセス。
- R1およびR2がtert−ブチルであり、そしてR3がシクロブチルアルキルである、請求項28に記載のプロセス。
- 選択される前記酸が酢酸である、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酢酸に水が加えられる、請求項30に記載のプロセス。
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US73654205P | 2005-11-14 | 2005-11-14 | |
US60/736,542 | 2005-11-14 | ||
PCT/US2006/043950 WO2008010831A1 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-13 | An oxidation process for the preparation of n-[3-amino-1- (cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl]-3-{n-[(tert-butylamino)carbonyl]-3-methyl-l-valyl}-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0] hexane-2-carboxamide and related compounds |
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JP2012217154A Division JP2013032370A (ja) | 2005-11-14 | 2012-09-28 | N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドおよび関連化合物を調製するための酸化プロセス |
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JP2008540241A Expired - Fee Related JP5215863B2 (ja) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-13 | N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドおよび関連化合物を調製するための酸化プロセス |
JP2012217154A Withdrawn JP2013032370A (ja) | 2005-11-14 | 2012-09-28 | N−[3−アミノ−1−(シクロブチルメチル)−2,3−ジオキソプロピル]−3−{N−[(tert−ブチルアミノ)カルボニル]−3−メチル−L−バリル}−6,6−ジメチル−3−アザビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン−2−カルボキサミドおよび関連化合物を調製するための酸化プロセス |
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US8188137B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2012-05-29 | Avila Therapeutics, Inc. | HCV protease inhibitors and uses thereof |
MX2013012771A (es) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-11-21 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Proceso para la preparacion de inhibidores del virus de la hepatitis c. |
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US5238602A (en) | 1984-07-16 | 1993-08-24 | Hoffmann La Roche Inc. | Liquid crystals |
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US6587902B1 (en) | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-01 | Inventec Corporation | I/O port assembly of notebook computer connectable to monitor or TV as needed |
US20050059684A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2005-03-17 | Ben-Zion Dolitzky | Method for reducing residual alcohols in crystalline valacyclovir hydrochloride |
CN101823965B (zh) * | 2003-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 默沙东公司 | 制备(1r,2s,5s)-6,6-二甲基-3-氮杂双环[3,1,0]己烷-2-羧酸酯或其盐的方法和中间体 |
AR044694A1 (es) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-09-21 | Schering Corp | Proceso y compuestos intermedios para la preparacion de (1r, 2s,5s) - 3 azabiciclo [3,1,0] hexano-2- carboxamida, n- [3- amino-1- (ciclobutilmetil) - 2, 3 - dioxopropil] -3- [ (2s) - 2 - [[ [ 1,1- dimetiletil] amino] carbonilamino] -3,3-dimetil -1- oxobutil]-6,6 dimetilo |
WO2004113272A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2004-12-29 | Schering Corporation | Process and intermediates for the preparation of 3-(amino)-3-cyclobutylmethyl-2-hydroxy-propionamide or salts thereof |
EP1730165A1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2006-12-13 | Schering Corporation | Inhibitors of hepatitis c virus ns3 protease |
WO2005107745A1 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-17 | Schering Corporation | An inhibitor of hepatitis c |
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2006
- 2006-11-10 AR ARP060104941A patent/AR056805A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-13 CA CA002628738A patent/CA2628738A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-13 JP JP2008540241A patent/JP5215863B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-13 WO PCT/US2006/043950 patent/WO2008010831A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-13 EP EP06851460.3A patent/EP1966233B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-13 US US11/598,528 patent/US7528263B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-13 CN CNA2006800507113A patent/CN101356187A/zh active Pending
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2008
- 2008-05-13 ZA ZA200804110A patent/ZA200804110B/xx unknown
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Also Published As
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ZA200804110B (en) | 2009-03-25 |
CN101356187A (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
AR056805A1 (es) | 2007-10-24 |
US20070149459A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
WO2008010831A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
EP1966233A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
CA2628738A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
US7528263B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
JP2009515894A (ja) | 2009-04-16 |
JP2013032370A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
EP1966233B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
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