JP5164018B2 - 光エネルギー変換材料 - Google Patents
光エネルギー変換材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5164018B2 JP5164018B2 JP2007189545A JP2007189545A JP5164018B2 JP 5164018 B2 JP5164018 B2 JP 5164018B2 JP 2007189545 A JP2007189545 A JP 2007189545A JP 2007189545 A JP2007189545 A JP 2007189545A JP 5164018 B2 JP5164018 B2 JP 5164018B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- biph
- group
- hmm
- light energy
- energy conversion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 106
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 96
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 142
- -1 hexabenzocorene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- CRUILBNAQILVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1OC CRUILBNAQILVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AYWJHRRJYGYFBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanopropane Chemical compound [C-]#[N+]CCC[N+]#[C-] AYWJHRRJYGYFBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n',2-n,2-n,2-n',2-n'-octamethylethene-1,1,2,2-tetramine Chemical group CN(C)C(N(C)C)=C(N(C)C)N(C)C CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- YJMNOKOLADGBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanonaphthalene Natural products C1=CC=C2C(C#N)=CC=CC2=C1 YJMNOKOLADGBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 claims description 6
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFDXQGNDWIPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclooctyldiazocane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC1N1NCCCCCC1 NFDXQGNDWIPXQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRNDGUSDBCARGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetophenone Chemical compound COCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRNDGUSDBCARGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRNWIFYIFSBPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 YRNWIFYIFSBPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FZYBFVGPGCOKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C3C=C21 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C3C=C21 FZYBFVGPGCOKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATLMFJTZZPOKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C70 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C(C3=C4C5=C67)C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C(C%14=C%15C%16=%17)=C%18C%19=C%20C%21=C%22C%23=C%24C%21=C%21C(C=%25%26)=C%20C%18=C%12C%26=C%10C8=C4C=%25C%21=C5C%24=C6C(C4=C56)=C%23C5=C5C%22=C%19C%14=C5C=%17C6=C5C6=C4C7=C3C1=C6C1=C5C%16=C3C%15=C%13C%11=C4C9=C2C1=C34 ATLMFJTZZPOKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CQAPZHBLERTXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(CC(=C(C(C1)C1CCCCCC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=C(C(C1)C1CCCCCC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C CQAPZHBLERTXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTRLGKKTVRQALM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C#N)C(C#N)=CC=C3C=C21 WTRLGKKTVRQALM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVAHKIQKDXQWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C#N)=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 WVAHKIQKDXQWAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZNPWYAMBOPRTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C#N)C(C#N)=CC=C21 ZNPWYAMBOPRTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
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Images
Classifications
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/123—Organometallic polymers, e.g. comprising C-Si bonds in the main chain or in subunits grafted to the main chain
- B01J31/124—Silicones or siloxanes or comprising such units
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
- B01J31/1675—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins the linkage being to an organometallic polymer covered by groups B01J31/123 - B01J31/127, e.g. polyhydrosiloxanes
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/184—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine mixed aromatic/aliphatic ring systems, e.g. indoline
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Description
前記多孔体が、200〜800nmの間に吸収帯を有する有機分子からなる有機基を含有するシリカ多孔体であり、
前記有機分子が、ベンゼン、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、クァテルフェニル、ナフタレン、アントラセン、ナフタセン、ルブレン、フルオレン、カルバゾール、アクリジン、アクリドン、アズレン、クリセン、ピレン、ペリレン、ヘキサベンゾコロネン、チオフェン、オリゴチオフェン、ピリジン、オリゴピリジン、キナクリドン、オリゴフェニレンビニレン及びオリゴフェニレンエチニレンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記電子供与体が、芳香族化合物、ペリ縮合環芳香族化合物、多環芳香族化合物、含窒素芳香族化合物、含硫黄芳香族化合物、芳香族ビニルポリマー、芳香族アミン化合物、アルキルアミン化合物、ニトロ化合物、窒素含有有機配位子を有する金属錯体、環状配位子を有する金属錯体、金属錯塩、金属イオン、希土類イオン、ハロゲンイオン、及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記電子受容体が、キノン化合物、ビニル基を有する芳香族化合物、シアノ基を有する芳香族化合物、ニトロ基を有する芳香族化合物、含窒素芳香族化合物、ジシアノメチレン基を有する有機化合物、ジシアノメチレン基を有する有機化合物を配位子として含有する分子性金属錯体、シアノイミノ基を有する有機化合物、シアノイミノ基を有する有機化合物を配位子として含有する分子性金属錯体、フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブ、窒素含有有機配位子を有する金属錯体、環状配位子を有する金属錯体、金属錯塩、金属イオン、金属酸化物、及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であること、
を特徴とするものである。
で表される置換基群の中から選択されるいずれかを示す。]
で表される置換基を有していてもよいフルオレンからなる有機基、下記一般式(4):
で表される置換基を有していてもよいアクリジンからなる有機基、下記一般式(6):
で表される置換基を示す。]
で表される置換基を有していてもよいアントラセンからなる有機基等が挙げられる。
のようになる。なお、pの数は特に制限されないが、一般的には10〜1000程度の範囲であることが好ましい。
(i)前記周期構造はモノマー間に働く相互作用により形成されるため、モノマー間の相互作用が大きくなる有機基(X)、すなわちベンゼン、ビフェニル、ナフタレン、アントラセンを用いることが好ましい。
(ii)溶液のpHが1〜3(酸性)又は10〜12(塩基性)であることが好ましく、10〜12(塩基性)であることがより好ましい。
により導き出される。また、このような式(1)によって、多孔体(エネルギー供与体)と電子供与体(エネルギー受容体)の好ましい組み合わせの条件を導き出すことができる。すなわち、このような式(1)によって、多孔体の発光スペクトルと電子供与体の吸収スペクトルの重なりが大きい程エネルギーの移動速度が大きくなることが分かるため、多孔体を決めることで、好ましい電子供与体の条件を決めることが可能となる。
先ず、トリメチルオクタデシルアンモニウムクロリド(界面活性剤:1.83g、5.26mol)を、水(100ml)と6Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(10g)との混合液に溶解させて混合溶液を得た。次に、得られた混合溶液に4,4’−トリエトキシシリルビフェニル(2.00g、4.18mol)を室温で撹拌しながら滴下した。次いで、その溶液に対して20分間の超音波照射と撹拌とを繰り返した後、室温で24時間攪拌し、反応溶液を得た。そして、その反応溶液を98℃の温度条件下で48時間静置した後、加熱することで界面活性剤が含有されたビフェニル基により修飾されたシリカ多孔体(BiPh−HMM)を得た。次いで、界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMMを、エタノール(260ml)と濃塩酸(11.7g)とを含む混合液中に懸濁させて懸濁液を得た後、その懸濁液を70℃の温度条件で7時間加熱攪拌し、界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMMから界面活性剤を抽出した。その後、この懸濁液を濾過し、得られた白色粉体をエタノール洗浄し、真空乾燥することで、BiPh−HMM結晶粉体を得た。
合成例1で得られたBiPh−HMM(1.0g)と、メトキシシシル基を有する2,2’−ビピリジン誘導体(4-[4-[3-(Trimethoxysilanyl)propylsulfanyl]butyl]-4-methyl-2,2’-bipyridinyl:以下「BiPy’」と示す。)143mgと、アセトニトリル20mlとをサンプルチューブ内で混合し、一分間超音波を照射した後、70℃で2時間加熱して粉末を得た。次いで、得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、エタノール及びイオン交換水で洗浄した後、真空中で乾燥させて、ビピリジンの導入されたBiPh−HMMの粉末(BiPy’−BiPh−HMM)977.6mgを得た。
FSM1.0gと、BiPy’147mgと、アセトニトリル20mlとをサンプルチューブ内で混合し、一分間超音波を照射した後、70℃で2時間加熱して粉末を得た。次いで、得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、エタノール及びイオン交換水で洗浄した後に真空中で乾燥させて、BiPy’の導入されたFSMの粉末(BiPy’−FSM)977.6mgを得た。
合成例2で得られたBiPy’−BiPh−HMM50mgと、ルテニウム錯体[Ru(dmb)2Cl2・2H2O(式中の「dmb」は4,4'−dimethyl−2,2'−bipyridineを示す。)]3mgと、メタノール20mlとを混合し、70℃の温度条件下で15時間加熱し、粉末を得た。得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、メタノールで洗浄した後、真空中で乾燥させてルテニウム錯体が固定化されたBiPy’−BiPh−HMM(Ru(dmb)2BiPy’−BiPh−HMM:光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
合成例2で得られたBiPy’−BiPh−HMM50mgと、ルテニウム錯体(Ru(dmb)2Cl2・2H2O)25mgと、メタノール10mlとを混合し、70℃の温度条件下で15時間加熱し、粉末を得た。得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、メタノールで洗浄した後、真空中で乾燥させてRu(dmb)2BiPy’−BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
BiPy’−FSM50mgと、ルテニウム錯体(Ru(dmb)2Cl2・2H2O)3mgと、メタノール20mlとを混合し、70℃の温度条件下で15時間加熱し、粉末を得た。得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、メタノールで洗浄したのちに真空中で乾燥させて、ルテニウム錯体が固定化されたBiPy’−FSM(Ru(dmb)2BiPy’−FSM:比較のための光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
<X線回折測定及び窒素吸着測定>
実施例2及び比較例1で得られた光エネルギー変換材料がメソポーラス構造を維持していることを確認するため、実施例2及び比較例1で得られた光エネルギー変換材料を用いて、X線回折測定及び窒素吸着測定を行った。なお、窒素吸着測定に関しては実施例1で得られた光エネルギー変換材料についても行った。得られたXRD回折パターンを図3に示し、窒素吸脱着等温線を図4に示す。
実施例1〜2及び比較例1で得られた光エネルギー変換材料のUV/Visスペクトル(拡散反射スペクトル)を測定した。得られたUV/Visスペクトル(拡散反射スペクトル)のグラフを図5に示す。
合成例1で得られたBiPh−HMM、並びに、実施例1〜2及び比較例1で得られた光エネルギー変換材料の発光スペクトル及び励起スペクトルを測定した。測定は、各光エネルギー変換材料の粉末サンプル0.4mgを、それぞれ4mlのアセトニトリルに分散させて20分間アルゴンガスを通気した後に、容器(石英製セル)に密栓したものを用いて行った。260nmの光で励起させた際の各光エネルギー変換材料の発光スペクトルを図6に示し、420nm以下の波長の光を除いた高感度の測定を行うことで得られる各光エネルギー変換材料の500〜700nmの波長領域の発光スペクトルを図7に示す。また、380nmで測定した際の各光エネルギー変換材料の励起スペクトルを図8に示し、600nmで測定した際の各光エネルギー変換材料の励起スペクトルを図9に示す。また、Ru(dmb)2BiPy’−FSM(比較例1)の600nmで測定した励起スペクトルとRu(dmb)3(PF6)2のアセトニトリル溶液中のUV/Visスペクトルとを図10に示す。
先ず、文献(Inagaki et al.Chem.Lett.2003年発行,914頁)に記載された方法と同様の方法を採用して、骨格内にスルホン酸基を有するBiPh−HMM(SO3H−BiPh−HMM)と、骨格内にチオール基を有するBiPh−HMM(SH−BiPh−HMM)とをそれぞれ合成した。
合成例2で得られたBiPy’−BiPh−HMM50mgと、Re(CO)5Cl 14.9mgと、トルエン10mlとを混合し、アルゴンガスを20分間通気した後に5時間加熱還流して粉末を得た。得られた粉末をろ過により取り分け、トルエン及びアセトン、エタノール、アセトン、ジエチルエーテルの順で洗浄した後、真空中で乾燥させて、レニウム錯体が固定されたBiPh−HMM(ReCl(CO)3BiPy’−BiPh−HMM:実施例3)50.4mgを得た。
合成例4で得られたルテニウム錯体を固定化させたBiPh−HMMの粉末にBiPy’を固定化させ、更にそのBiPy’にレニウム錯体を固定化させることで、レニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMMを得た。すなわち、先ず、Ru(dmb)3SO3−BiPh−HMM50mgと、BiPy’52.2mgと、アセトニトリル4mlとをサンプルチューブ内で混合し、一分間超音波を照射した後、70℃で2時間加熱して粉末を得た。次に、得られた粉末を取り分け、洗浄した後に真空中で乾燥させた。次いで、その粉末36.4mgと、Re(CO)5Cl44.5mgと、トルエン10mlとを混合し、アルゴンガスを20分間通気した後に5時間加熱還流して第二の粉末を得た。その後、この第二の粉末をろ過により取り分け、トルエン及びアセトン、エタノール、アセトン、ジエチルエーテルの順で洗浄した後、真空中で乾燥させて、レニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
合成例4で得られたルテニウム錯体を固定化させたBiPh−HMMを用いる代わりに、合成例5で得られたルテニウム錯体を固定化させたBiPh−HMM(Ru(dmb)3SH−BiPh−HMM)を用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして、レニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
合成例4で得られたルテニウム錯体を固定化させたBiPh−HMMを用いる代わりに、Ru(bpy)SO3−BiPh−HMMを用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして、レニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。なお、Ru(bpy)SO3−BiPh−HMMは、Ru(dmb)3(PF6)2の代わりにRu(bpy)3(PF6)2を用い、合成例4と同様の方法を採用して製造した。
合成例4で得られたルテニウム錯体を固定化させたBiPh−HMMを用いる代わりに、Ru(bpy)SH−BiPh−HMMを用いた以外は実施例4と同様にして、レニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。なお、Ru(bpy)SH−BiPh−HMMは、Ru(dmb)3(PF6)2の代わりにRu(bpy)3(PF6)2を用い、合成例5と同様の方法を採用して製造した。
実施例4〜7で得られたレニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMMのUV/Visスペクトル(拡散反射スペクトル)を図19に示す。また、実施例4〜7で得られたレニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMMのIRスペクトルを図20に示す。
実施例4〜7で得られたレニウム錯体及びルテニウム錯体の両方が固定化されたBiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を、それぞれトリエタノールアミンを含むアセトニトリル溶液(トリエタノールアミン:アセトニトリル=1:5(容量比))中に混合した後、二酸化炭素雰囲気下で280nmの光を照射し、二酸化炭素を還元した。このような二酸化炭素の還元反応には、閉鎖循環系光触媒評価装置を用いた。そして、循環気体中に含まれる一酸化炭素(二酸化炭素の還元生成物)をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。
先ず、合成例1で採用された方法と同様の方法を採用して界面活性剤が含有されたビフェニル基により修飾されたシリカ多孔体(界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMM)を得た。次に、界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMM(900mg)と、BiPy’(141mg)と、アセトニトリル(10ml)とをサンプルチューブ内で混合し、一分間超音波を照射した後、70℃で2時間加熱して粉末を得た。次いで、得られた粉末を、エタノール(180ml)と濃塩酸(8g)とを含む混合液中に懸濁させて第一懸濁液を得た。そして、第一懸濁液を75℃の温度条件で一晩加熱して前記粉末から界面活性剤を抽出した。その後、第一懸濁液から濾過により粉末を取り分け、ビピリジンがプロトン化された状態で導入されたBiPh−HMM粉末を得た。
先ず、界面活性剤(トリメチルオクタデシルアンモニウムクロリド)6.7gを、水(240ml)と6Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(18ml)との混合液に溶解させて第一混合溶液をそれぞれ得た。次に、第一混合溶液に対して、4,4’―トリエトキシシリルビフェニルとBiPy’とを総量で16.8mmol含有する混合液(合成例7:BiPy’の混合比率が10mol%、合成例8:BiPy’の混合比率が30mol%、合成例9:BiPy’の混合比率が50mol%)を、室温(25℃)で攪拌しながら滴下し、第二混合溶液をそれぞれ得た。次いで、得られた第二混合溶液に対して、3分間の超音波照射と10秒間の攪拌とを10回繰り返した後、室温(25℃)で18時間攪拌し、反応溶液をそれぞれ得た。そして、得られた反応溶液を95℃の温度条件下で20時間加熱して、界面活性剤が含有されたシリカ多孔体(界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMM)をそれぞれ得た。次いで、前記界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMM(1g)を、エタノール(200ml)と濃塩酸(9g)とを含む混合液中に懸濁させて第一懸濁液をそれぞれ得た。そして、第一懸濁液を75℃の温度条件で一晩加熱し、界面活性剤が含有されたBiPh−HMMから界面活性剤を抽出した。その後、第一懸濁液を濾過して粉末を取り分け、ビピリジンがプロトン化された状態で導入されたBiPh−HMM粉末をそれぞれ得た。
合成例7〜9で得られた各BiPy’−BiPh−HMMに対して、Ru(dmb)2Cl2を用い、それぞれ、合成例7で得られた多孔体に対して0.040mmol/g(実施例8)、合成例8で得られた多孔体に対して0.037mmol/g(実施例9)、合成例9で得られた多孔体に対して0.052mmol/g(実施例10)の比率でルテニウム錯体を固定化し、Ru(dmb)2BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。なお、Ru(dmb)2Cl2を用いてルテニウム錯体を固定化する方法としては、実施例1で採用された方法と同様の方法を採用した。
<発光量子収率の測定>
実施例8〜10で得られたRu(dmb)2BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)の発光量子収率を測定した。このような測定には、各光エネルギー変換材料の粉末1mgを、それぞれ4mlのアセトニトリルに分散させて20分間アルゴンガスを通気した後に、容器(石英製セル)に密栓したものを試料として用いて行った。
合成例7〜9で得られた各BiPy’−BiPh−HMMに対して、実施例3で採用した方法と同様の方法を採用してRe(CO)5Clを固定化し、ReCl(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)をそれぞれ得た。
<発光量子収率の測定>
実施例11〜13で得られたReCl(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)の発光量子収率を測定した。このような測定には、各光エネルギー変換材料の粉末1mgを、それぞれ4mlのアセトニトリルに分散させて20分間アルゴンガスを通気した後に、容器(石英製セル)に密栓したものを試料として用いて行った。
合成例8で得られたBiPy’−BiPh−HMMを用い、Re(CO)5Clの代わりにRe(CO)5(PPh3)(CF3SO3)17.3mgを用いた以外は実施例3で採用した方法と同様の方法を採用して、Re(PPh3)(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
合成例9で得られたBiPy’−BiPh−HMMとRe(CO)5(PPh3)(CF3SO3)28.9mgとを用いた以外は実施例14で採用した方法と同様の方法を採用して、Re(PPh3)(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を得た。
<発光量子収率の測定>
実施例14〜15で得られたRe(PPh3)(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)の発光量子収率を測定した。このような測定は、各光エネルギー変換材料の粉末1mgを、それぞれ4mlのアセトニトリルに分散させて20分間アルゴンガスを通気した後に、容器(石英製セル)に密栓したものを試料として用いて行った。
<CO2光還元反応>
実施例3で得られたReCl(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)及び実施例14で得られたRe(PPh3)(CO)3BiPy’―BiPh−HMM(光エネルギー変換材料)を、それぞれ、トリエタノールアミンを含むアセトニトリル溶液(トリエタノールアミン:アセトニトリル=1:5(容量比))中に混合した後、各光エネルギー変換材料に対して二酸化炭素雰囲気下で280nmの光を照射し、二酸化炭素を還元した。このような二酸化炭素の還元反応には、閉鎖循環系光触媒評価装置を用いた。そして、循環気体中に含まれる一酸化炭素(二酸化炭素の還元生成物)をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。実施例3及び14で得られた光エネルギー変換材料に対する光の照射時間と一酸化炭素の発生量との関係を示すグラフを図24に示す。
Claims (6)
- 光捕集アンテナ機能を有する多孔体と、該多孔体の細孔内、骨格内及び外周部のうちの少なくとも一つの部位に配置された電子供与体及び電子受容体とを備えており、
前記多孔体が、200〜800nmの間に吸収帯を有する有機分子からなる有機基を含有するシリカ多孔体であり、
前記有機分子が、ベンゼン、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、クァテルフェニル、ナフタレン、アントラセン、ナフタセン、ルブレン、フルオレン、カルバゾール、アクリジン、アクリドン、アズレン、クリセン、ピレン、ペリレン、ヘキサベンゾコロネン、チオフェン、オリゴチオフェン、ピリジン、オリゴピリジン、キナクリドン、オリゴフェニレンビニレン及びオリゴフェニレンエチニレンからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記電子供与体が、芳香族化合物、ペリ縮合環芳香族化合物、多環芳香族化合物、含窒素芳香族化合物、含硫黄芳香族化合物、芳香族ビニルポリマー、芳香族アミン化合物、アルキルアミン化合物、ニトロ化合物、窒素含有有機配位子を有する金属錯体、環状配位子を有する金属錯体、金属錯塩、金属イオン、希土類イオン、ハロゲンイオン、及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記電子受容体が、キノン化合物、ビニル基を有する芳香族化合物、シアノ基を有する芳香族化合物、ニトロ基を有する芳香族化合物、含窒素芳香族化合物、ジシアノメチレン基を有する有機化合物、ジシアノメチレン基を有する有機化合物を配位子として含有する分子性金属錯体、シアノイミノ基を有する有機化合物、シアノイミノ基を有する有機化合物を配位子として含有する分子性金属錯体、フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブ、窒素含有有機配位子を有する金属錯体、環状配位子を有する金属錯体、金属錯塩、金属イオン、金属酸化物、及びこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であること、
を特徴とする光エネルギー変換材料。 - 前記多孔体が、前記有機基の規則的な配列に起因する5nm以下の周期構造を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光エネルギー変換材料。
- 前記多孔体が、中心細孔直径が1〜30nmの細孔を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光エネルギー変換材料。
- 前記多孔体が、X線回折パターンにおいて1nm以上のd値に相当する回折角度に1本以上のピークを有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のうちのいずれか一項に記載の光エネルギー変換材料。
- 前記電子供与体が、下記一般式(11):
- 前記電子受容体が、下記一般式(12):
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