JP5143995B2 - 治療薬と逆作用剤を含む経口用製剤 - Google Patents
治療薬と逆作用剤を含む経口用製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
いかなる種類の治療薬も本発明の経口用製剤中で使用可能である。一つの実施形態においては、この経口用製剤は、潜在的な毒性または製剤の開封による薬剤の非放出制御に関連する過量が存在する状況において使用される。有用な治療薬の例は、鎮痛薬、抗炎症薬、駆虫薬、抗不整脈薬、抗菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、抗凝固薬、抗鬱剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗癲癇薬、抗真菌剤、抗痛風薬、抗高血圧薬、抗マラリア薬、抗片頭痛薬、抗ムスカリン薬、抗腫瘍薬、勃起不全改善剤、免疫抑制剤、抗原虫薬、抗甲状腺薬、抗不安薬、鎮静薬、催眠薬、神経弛緩薬、β−ブロッカー、心臓イオノトロピー剤、コルチコステロイド、利尿薬、抗パーキンソン病薬、胃腸薬、ヒスタミン受容体アンタゴニスト、角質溶解剤、脂質調整剤、抗狭心症薬、Cox−2阻害剤、ロイコトリエン阻害剤、マクロライド、筋肉弛緩剤、栄養剤、オピオイド鎮痛薬、タンパク質分解酵素阻害剤、性ホルモン、興奮剤、筋肉弛緩剤、抗骨粗しょう症薬、抗肥満薬、認識増進剤、抗尿失禁薬、栄養油、抗良性前立腺肥大薬、必須脂肪酸、非必須脂肪酸を包含するが、これに限定されない。この第1組成物は1つ以上の治療薬を含むことができる。
この明細書で使用される用語「乱用のおそれがある治療薬」は、上記に示した要素の少なくとも一つを有する治療薬を指す。乱用のおそれがある治療薬の例は、オピオイド、ベンゾジアゼピン、バルビツール酸塩、およびメチルフェニデートとアンフェタミンなどの興奮剤を包含するが、これに限定されない。
この治療薬の薬理学的効果を低下させる、あるいは消滅させる逆作用剤は、(1)薬剤使用中止が薬剤を求める挙動をもたらすのに充分な痛みを引き起こす肉体的依存性を生じる薬剤の能力;(2)薬剤からの使用中止により引き起こされる禁断症状を抑制する能力;および(3)この薬剤がモルフィンと他のオピオイドにより生じる陶酔に類似の陶酔の誘起を包含するが、これに限定されない薬剤でありうる。
治療薬の薬理学的効果を低下させる、あるいは消滅させる逆作用剤は、治療薬アゴニストのアンタゴニストを包含するが、これに限定されない。オピオイドアゴニストを本発明の経口用製剤中の治療薬として使用する場合には、オピオイドアンタゴニストを逆作用剤として使用しうる。同様に、ベンゾジアゼピンを本発明の経口用製剤中の治療薬として使用する場合には、ベンゾジアゼピンアンタゴニストを逆作用剤として使用しうる。バルビツール酸塩を本発明の経口用製剤中の治療薬として使用する場合には、バルビツール酸塩アンタゴニストを逆作用剤として使用しうる。アンフェタミンを本発明の経口用製剤中の治療薬として使用する場合には、アンフェタミンアンタゴニストを逆作用剤として使用しうる。治療薬が正常の治療範囲以上に投与した時に毒性である場合、すなわち、過量の潜在性が存在する場合には、この毒性の治療薬の解毒剤を逆作用剤として使用しうる。
4.1:胃腸管内で不溶のコーティング
胃腸管内で実質的に不溶な有用なコーティングの例は、疎水性材料を含むコーティングを包含するが、これに限定されない。一つの実施形態においては、胃腸管内で実質的に不溶であるコーティングはセルロースポリマーを含む。ある実施形態においては、このセルロースポリマーは、セルロースエーテル、セルロースエステル、またはセルロースエステルエーテルである。一つの実施形態においては、このセルロースポリマーは、ゼロから3を含むアンヒドログルコース単位上の置換度、D.Sを有する。「置換度」とは、置換基により置換されるセルロースポリマーのアンヒドログルコース単位上に存在するヒドロキシル基の平均の数を意味する。代表的なセルロースポリマーは、セルロースアシレート、セルロースジアシレート、セルローストリアシレート、セルロースアセテート、セルロースジアセテート、セルローストリアセテート、モノ、ジ、およびトリセルロースアルカニレート、モノ、ジ、およびトリセルロースアロイレート、およびモノ、ジ、およびトリセルロースアルケニレートから選択されるポリマーを包含するが、これに限定されない。例示のセルロースポリマーは、約21%までのアセチル含量を有するセルロースアセテート;約32〜39.8%までのアセチル含量を有するセルロースアセテート;約1〜2のD.S.と約21〜35%のアセチル含量を有するセルロースアセテート;および約2〜3のD.S.と約35〜44.8%のアセチル含量を有するセルロースアセテートを包含する。一つの実施形態においては、このセルロースポリマーは、エチルセルロース、セルロースアセテート、セルロースプロピオネート(低、中、あるいは高分子量)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートフタレート、またはセルローストリアセテートである。一つの実施形態においては、このエチルセルロースは約44〜55%のエトキシ含量を有する。
種々の実施形態においては、本発明で有用なコーティングは酸可溶層を含む。用語「酸可溶層」は約5.0未満のpH値で実質的に可溶であり、約5.5を超えるpH値で実質的に不溶である層を指す。一つの実施形態においては、酸可溶層は約4.0未満のpH値で実質的に可溶であるが、約4.5を超えるpH値で実質的に不溶である。別の実施形態においては、この酸可溶層は約3.0未満のpH値で実質的に可溶であるが、約3.5以上のpH値で実質的に不溶である。酸可溶層は、通常、酸可溶ポリマーを含む。
種々の実施形態においては、本発明のコーティングは塩基可溶層を含む。用語「塩基可溶層」は約5.5を超えるpH値で実質的に可溶であり、約5.0未満のpH値で実質的に不溶である層を指す。一つの実施形態においては、塩基可溶層は約6.5を超えるpH値で実質的に可溶であり、約6.0未満のpH値で実質的に不溶である別の実施形態においては、この塩基可溶層は約7.5以上のpH値で実質的に可溶であるが、約7.0未満のpH値で実質的に不溶である塩基可溶層は一般に塩基可溶層ポリマーを含む。一つの実施形態においては、この塩基可溶ポリマーはメタアクリル酸とカルボン酸官能基を有するメタクリレートのアニオン性コポリマーである。このようなポリマーは、Rohm Pharma GmbH(Weiterstat,Germany)からEUDRAGIT L 100-55、EUDRAGIT L30D-55、EUDRAGIT L、またはEUDRAGIT S 100として市販されている。他の好適な塩基可溶ポリマーの例は、A.T.Florenceにより編集されたMaterials Used in Pharmaceutical Formulations,Society of Chemical Industries,1984に記載されている。
一つの実施形態においては、治療薬は経時的に徐放される。この明細書に記載されているものを含め当業者に既知の好適な放出制御性製剤は、本発明の経口用製剤についての使用に容易に選択可能である。経口投与に好適な単一の単位製剤、例えば放出制御に適合される錠剤、カプセル、ゲルキャップ(gelcap)、キャプレット(caplet)、および類似物は本発明に包含される。
一つの実施形態においては、第1および第2組成物は、顆粒、微細な顆粒、ピル、ビーズ、カプセル、錠剤、または粉末などの固体であるが、これに限定されない。これらの固体を製造する方法は当分野で周知である。この組成物は、結合剤(例えば、予備ゼラチン化されたトウモロコシデン粉、ポリビニルピロリドンまたはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース);充填剤(例えば、ラクトース、微結晶性セルロースまたはリン酸水素カルシウム);潤滑剤(例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシム、タルクまたはシリカ);崩壊補助剤(例えば、ジャガイモデン粉またはナトリウムデン粉グリコレート);または湿潤剤(例えば、ナトリウムラウリルサルフェート)などのいかなる慣用の薬学的に許容し得る賦型剤も更に含むことができる。このような組成物は、所望ならば、少量の乳化剤またはpH緩衝剤も含有しうる。一つの実施形態においては、第1のおよび/または第2組成物は、疎水性材料を含んで、徐放性の組成物を提供する。有用な疎水性材料の例は上記の4.4に開示されている。当分野で既知の慣用の方法、例えば、湿式顆粒化、融解押し出し、および圧縮による錠剤化を使用することにより、固体組成物を製造しうる。
5.1:投与単位当りの量
本発明の経口用製剤においては、投与単位当りの治療薬の量は、特定の適応症に対しての有効量であり、逆作用剤の量に無関係である。例えば、治療薬がオピオイドアゴニストであるならば、本発明の経口用製剤中のオピオイドアゴニストの量は、概ね約75ng〜約1000mg、一つの実施形態においては、約75ng〜約750mgである。当業者ならば、特定の適応症に必要とされる治療薬の量を過度の実験を行わずに容易に決めうる。
一つの実施形態においては、第1組成物と第2組成物を上記の4に説明したように被覆して、第1の被覆組成物と第2の被覆組成物を提供する。上述したように、治療剤を含む第1組成物は、酸可溶外層、塩基可溶内層および、最内側の徐放出性コーティングにより被覆され;そして場合によっては逆作用剤を含むこの第2組成物は、酸可溶内層、塩基可溶外層、および場合によっては、胃腸管内で実質的に不溶な層により被覆される。次に、第1組成物と第2組成物を組み合わせて、本発明の経口組成物の単位投与を提供する。一つの実施形態においては、第1組成物と第2組成物は、大きさ、形態および色の点で類似し、容易に相互に見分けられない。例えば、第1組成物と第2組成物を当業者に周知の方法を用いてカプセルまたは錠剤の中に合体および組み入れられる粉末、顆粒、またはビーズとしうる。カプセルは硬くとも、あるいは柔らかくともよく、例えば、ゼラチンである。カプセルは薬学的に許容し得る賦型剤も含有しうる。
実施例
15.0gのEUDRAGIT E100を200mlのエタノール中に分散して、透明な溶液を調製することにより、酸可溶のコーティング溶液を作製し、そして4gの可塑剤のトリエチルサイトレートをこの溶液に添加する。
この被覆されたオキシコドンHCl顆粒とこの被覆されたナルトレキソンHCl顆粒を一緒に混合して、混合物を調製し、そしてゼラチンカプセルをこの混合物により充填する。
ステアリルアルコールを融解し、そしてこの融解ステアリルアルコール(単位当り25.00mg)を実施例1で得られた被覆された顆粒と混合して、これらをワックスする。このワックスされた顆粒を流動床乾燥器中で冷却し、そして次にタルク(単位当り2.50mg)とステアリン酸マグネシム(単位当り1.25mg)とブレンドして、ブレンドを提供する。錠剤プレスを用いてこの得られたブレンドを錠剤に圧縮する。
Claims (32)
- 第1組成物と第2組成物を含む経口用製剤であって、前記第1組成物が有効量の治療薬を含み、そして前記第2組成物が有効量の逆作用剤を含み、該逆作用剤は、前記治療薬の1つ以上の薬理学的効果を低下させるかまたは消滅させる、あるいは望ましくない生理的な反応を生じる薬剤であり、前記第2組成物が、(i)5.0未満のpH値で可溶であるが、5.5を超えるpH値で不溶である酸可溶内層と(ii)5.5を超えるpH値で可溶であるが、5.0未満のpH値で不溶である塩基可溶外層により被覆され、前記治療薬が、アルフェンタニル、アリルプロジン、アルファプロジン、アニレリジン、ベンジルモルフィン、ベジトラミド、ブプレノルフィン、ブトールファノール、クロニタゼン、コデイン、デソモルフィン、デクストロモラミド、デゾシン、ジアムプロミド、ジアモルホン、ジヒドロコデイン、ジヒドロモルフィン、ジメノキサドール、ジメフェプタノール、ジメチルチアムブテン、ジオキサフェチルブチレート、ジピパノン、エプタゾシン、エトヘプタジン、エチルメチルチアムブテン、エチルモルフィン、エトニタゼン、エトルフィン、ジヒドロエトルフィン、フェンタニル、ヒドロコドン、ヒドロモルホン、ヒドロモルホドン、ヒドロキシペチジン、イソメタドン、ケトベミドン、レボールファノール、レボフェナシルモルファン、ロフェンタニル、メペリジン、メプタジノール、メタゾシン、メタドン、メトポン、モルヒネ、ミロフィン、ナルセイン、ニコモルフィン、ノルレボルファノール、ノルメタドン、ナロルフィン、ナルブフェン、ノルモルフィン、ノルピパノン、アヘン、オキシコドン、オキシモルホン、パパベレタム、ペンタゾシン、フェナドキソン、フェンジメトラジン、フェンジメトラゾン、フェノモルファン、フェナゾシン、フェノペリジン、ピミノジン、ピリトラミド、プロフェプタジン、プロメドール、プロペリジン、プロポキシフェン、プロピルヘキセドリン、スフェンタニル、チリジン、トラマドール、薬学的に許容し得るこれらの塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのオピオイドであり、前記逆作用剤が、ナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、ナルメフェン、シクラザシンおよびレバルロルファンからなる群から選択され、前記治療薬と前記逆作用剤の重量比が1:1〜10:1である、前記経口用製剤。
- 前記治療薬が、ヒドロコドン、モルヒネ、ヒドロモルホン、オキシコドンおよびトラマドールからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記治療薬がオキシコドンであり、前記逆作用剤がナルトレキソンである、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物と前記第2組成物がカプセル内に収められた粉末、顆粒、またはビーズの形態である、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物と前記第2組成物が、薬学的に許容し得るマトリックス中に分散された顆粒または粉末の形態である、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物を含む第1層と前記第2組成物を含む第2層とを有する2層錠剤の形態である、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記2層錠剤が胃中で溶解するコーティングにより更に被覆されている、請求項6に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記酸可溶層が、ジメチルアミノエチルアンモニウム官能基がついたカチオン性ポリマーを含む請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記塩基可溶層がメタクリル酸のまたはカルボン酸官能基がついたメタクリレートのアニオン性ポリマーを含む請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物が、ポリマーマトリックス、ゲル、透過膜、リポゾーム、ミクロスフェア、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される1以上の成分を含む放出制御製剤である、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物が、ワックス、脂肪アルコール、シェラック、ゼイン、硬化植物油、水不溶性セルロース、アクリル酸ポリマー、メタクリル酸ポリマー、アクリル酸とメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される徐放性コーティングにより被覆されている、請求項10に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記オピオイドが、ヒドロコドン、モルヒネ、ヒドロモルホン、オキシコドン、コデイン、レボールファノール、メペリジン、メタドン、オキシモルホン、ブプレノルフィン、フェンタニル、ジピパノン、トラマドール、エトルフィン、ジヒドロエトルフィン、ブトールファノール、薬学的に許容し得るこれらの塩、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記オピオイドがオキシコドンまたはヒドロコドンである、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記逆作用剤がナロキソンまたはナルトレキソンである、請求項1に記載の経口用製剤。
- 第1組成物と第2組成物を含む経口用製剤であって、前記第1組成物が有効量の治療薬を含み、(i)5.5を超えるpH値で可溶であるが、5.0未満のpH値で不溶である塩基可溶内層と(ii)5.0未満のpH値で可溶であるが、5.5を超えるpH値で不溶である酸可溶外層により被覆され、そして前記第2組成物が有効量の逆作用剤を含み、該逆作用剤は、前記治療薬の1つ以上の薬理学的効果を低下させるかまたは消滅させる、あるいは望ましくない生理的な反応を生じる薬剤であり、(iii)5.0未満のpH値で可溶であるが、5.5を超えるpH値で不溶である酸可溶内層と(iv)5.5を超えるpH値で可溶であるが、5.0未満のpH値で不溶である塩基可溶外層により被覆され、前記治療薬が、アルフェンタニル、アリルプロジン、アルファプロジン、アニレリジン、ベンジルモルフィン、ベジトラミド、ブプレノルフィン、ブトールファノール、クロニタゼン、コデイン、デソモルフィン、デクストロモラミド、デゾシン、ジアムプロミド、ジアモルホン、ジヒドロコデイン、ジヒドロモルフィン、ジメノキサドール、ジメフェプタノール、ジメチルチアムブテン、ジオキサフェチルブチレート、ジピパノン、エプタゾシン、エトヘプタジン、エチルメチルチアムブテン、エチルモルフィン、エトニタゼン、エトルフィン、ジヒドロエトルフィン、フェンタニル、ヒドロコドン、ヒドロモルホン、ヒドロモルホドン、ヒドロキシペチジン、イソメタドン、ケトベミドン、レボールファノール、レボフェナシルモルファン、ロフェンタニル、メペリジン、メプタジノール、メタゾシン、メタドン、メトポン、モルヒネ、ミロフィン、ナルセイン、ニコモルフィン、ノルレボルファノール、ノルメタドン、ナロルフィン、ナルブフェン、ノルモルフィン、ノルピパノン、アヘン、オキシコドン、オキシモルホン、パパベレタム、ペンタゾシン、フェナドキソン、フェンジメトラジン、フェンジメトラゾン、フェノモルファン、フェナゾシン、フェノペリジン、ピミノジン、ピリトラミド、プロフェプタジン、プロメドール、プロペリジン、プロポキシフェン、プロピルヘキセドリン、スフェンタニル、チリジン、トラマドール、薬学的に許容し得るこれらの塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つのオピオイドであり、前記逆作用剤が、ナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、ナルメフェン、シクラザシンおよびレバルロルファンからなる群から選択され、前記治療薬と前記逆作用剤の重量比が1:1〜10:1である、前記経口用製剤。
- 前記治療薬が、ヒドロコドン、モルヒネ、ヒドロモルホン、オキシコドンおよびトラマドールからなる群より選択される、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記治療薬がオキシコドンであり、前記逆作用剤がナルトレキソンである、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物と前記第2組成物がカプセル内に収められた粉末、顆粒、またはビーズの形態である、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物と前記第2組成物が薬学的に許容し得るマトリックス中に分散された顆粒または粉末の形態である、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物を含む第1層及び前記第2組成物を含む第2層を有する2層錠剤の形態である請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記2層錠剤が胃中で溶解するコーティングにより更に被覆されている、請求項20に記載の経口用製剤。
- 塩基可溶内層と酸可溶外層により被覆されたコアを含む錠剤の形態であって、前記コアが前記治療薬に分散された酸可溶内層と塩基可溶外層により被覆された第2組成物を含む請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 酸可溶内層、塩基可溶外層、前記第1組成物の層、塩基可溶内層、および酸可溶外層をこの順で被覆した第2組成物を中心に含む錠剤の形態である、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 各酸可溶層が、ジメチルアミノエチルアンモニウム官能基がついたカチオン性ポリマーを含む請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 各塩基可溶層がメタクリル酸またはカルボン酸官能基がついたメタクリレートのアニオン性ポリマーを含む請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物が放出制御性製剤である、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物が徐放性コーティングにより被覆されている、請求項26に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記徐放性コーティングがワックス、脂肪アルコール、シェラック、ゼイン、硬化植物油、水不溶性セルロース、アクリル酸ポリマー、メタクリル酸ポリマー、アクリル酸とメタクリル酸とのコポリマー、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記第1組成物が放出制御性マトリックス中に分散されている、請求項26に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記オピオイドがヒドロコドン、モルヒネ、ヒドロモルホン、オキシコドン、コデイン、レボルファノール、メペリジン、メタドン、オキシモルホン、ブプレノルフィン、フェンタニル、ジピパノン、トラマドール、エトルフィン、ジヒドロエトルフィン、ブトールファノール、薬学的に許容し得るこれらの塩、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記オピオイドがオキシコドンまたはヒドロコドンである、請求項30に記載の経口用製剤。
- 前記逆作用剤がナロキソンまたはナルトレキソンである、請求項15に記載の経口用製剤。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7384653B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 |
US20050063909A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CY1109816T1 (el) | 2014-09-10 |
JP2009132711A (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
BR0211781A (pt) | 2004-07-27 |
WO2003013538A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
USRE45822E1 (en) | 2015-12-22 |
EP1414459A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
HK1067524A1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
PT1414459E (pt) | 2010-03-03 |
ATE450259T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
KR20090005247A (ko) | 2009-01-12 |
AU2008202531A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
HUP0401066A2 (hu) | 2004-08-30 |
CA2456601A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
US20030044458A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
JP2005520783A (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
ES2337664T3 (es) | 2010-04-28 |
JP5485538B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
JP2013189447A (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
RU2004106620A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
DE20220838U1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
DK1414459T3 (da) | 2010-04-12 |
EP1414459B1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
MXPA04001098A (es) | 2004-05-20 |
KR20040043181A (ko) | 2004-05-22 |
SI1414459T1 (sl) | 2010-04-30 |
KR100893895B1 (ko) | 2009-04-20 |
CA2456601C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
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