JP5131975B2 - Medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms. In the artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms, an artificial culture medium containing various nutrients and the like is used in order to shorten the number of days until harvest and increase the yield. The present invention relates to an improvement of a medium for artificial cultivation of such oyster mushrooms.

  Conventionally, as an artificial culture medium for oyster mushrooms, various media containing a medium base material and a nutrient are known. Specifically, 1) Rice bran used as a nutrient (see, for example, Patent Document 1) 2) Okara as a nutrient (see, for example, Patent Document 2), 3) Husma and corn bran as nutrients (For example, refer to Patent Document 3), 4) Using a cottonseed husk as a medium base material or nutrient material (for example, refer to Patent Document 4), 5) Using rice husk as a medium base material, and a nutrient material As examples, those using rice bran, bran and corn bran (see, for example, Patent Document 5), 6) those using activated carbon together with a medium base material and nutrients (see, for example, Patent Document 6), and the like are known.

However, such a conventional culture medium for oyster mushrooms has a problem that it is still insufficient for shortening the number of days until harvest of oyster mushrooms and increasing the yield.
JP-A-7-184473 JP-A-6-181714 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-178891 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-308925 JP 2001-103837 A JP 2004-89105 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms that can significantly reduce the number of days until harvesting and significantly increase the yield in artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms.

The present invention for solving the above problems is the artificial cultivation medium containing a medium substrate and nutrient materials, nutritional material, in terms of dry matter, a fudge 30-60 wt%, wheat bran 15 to 40 wt% And a medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms, characterized by comprising 10 to 35% by mass (total 100% by mass) of corn.

  The medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention) is used for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms include oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), eringi (Pleurotus eryngii), black abalone (Pleurotus abalones), biling (Pleurotus nebrodensis), among others, the medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention is oyster mushroom, eringi Highly effective in artificial cultivation.

  The culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention contains a medium base material and a nutrient material. As a culture medium base material used for the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention, a known culture medium base material can be used. This includes, for example, hardwoods such as beech, Japanese oak, Japanese oak, birch and birch, conifers such as cedar and pine, and a mixture of such hardwoods and conifers. Sawdust is preferred.

  The nutrient used for the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention is composed of sesame seeds, bran and corn. In addition to sesame seeds, sesame seeds include defatted sesame seeds. Sesame cake is a residue generated as a by-product in the production process of edible sesame oil, and defatted sesame cake is a residue obtained by extracting and removing residual oil from such sesame cake using an organic solvent. These sesame seeds and defatted sesame seeds include those derived from unroasted sesame seeds and those derived from roasted sesame seeds, depending on the production process of edible sesame oil. There are those derived from heated roasted sesame seeds indirectly heated using a rotary kiln and others derived from far-red roasted sesame seeds heated by far infrared rays. Among the above-described sesame meals, sesame meal is used as a nutrient for the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention.

  The bran used as a nutrient for the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention is a by-product of producing wheat flour, and is a wheat bran composed mainly of a skin portion. Such wheat bran includes special bran, fine grain bran, large grain bran and the like, and any of these can be used for the artificial culture medium of the present invention.

  Examples of corn as a nutrient for the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention include corn compact, corn bran, homini feed and the like. The corn crush is a pressed corn seed (yellow berry) or a little crushed, mixed with seed husk and coarse powder. Such cone pressure pieces are also called pressure piece maize. Corn bran is obtained by removing the skin of corn seeds and powdering endosperm or endosperm mixed with an embryo. Homini feed is intermediate between the cone pressure piece and the cone bran. Any of these can be used for the artificial culture medium of the present invention.

The nutrient material of the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention is 30 to 60% by mass of sesame cake, 15 to 40% by mass of bran, and 10 to 35% by mass of corn as described above in terms of dry matter (total 100). The sesame cake is contained in a proportion of 30 to 55 mass%, the bran is contained in a proportion of 15 to 40 mass%, and the corn is contained in a proportion of 25 to 35 mass% (total 100 mass%). It is preferred that

  The culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention contains a medium base material and a nutrient as described above. The ratio of the medium base material and the nutrient is not particularly limited, but the medium base is 60 to 80 parts by mass, and the nutrient is 20 to 40 parts by mass (total 100 parts by mass). preferable.

  The culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention can contain other materials for the purpose. Examples of such other materials are 1) materials for improving the incidence of aluminum, aluminum compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, etc. 2) citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid In addition, a fungus-improvement material comprising a combination of organic acids such as tartaric acid and lactic acid can be used, and the amount used is preferably as small as possible.

  Examples of the method for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms using the medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention include bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, and box cultivation. As an example of these artificial cultivation methods, a general method for bottle cultivation will be described below. Bottle cultivation generally consists of the steps of medium preparation, bottling, sterilization, inoculation, culture, fungi scraping, budding, growth, and harvesting.

  In the medium preparation step and the bottling step, the culture medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention is prepared using a medium base material, a nutrient material, and the like, and filled in a cultivation bottle. When preparing the culture medium for artificial cultivation, calculate the amount of water required for addition from the moisture content of the medium substrate used, the moisture content of the nutrient material and the mixing ratio of the medium substrate and the nutrient material, and the amount Fine-tune the water so that water oozes through the gaps between the fingers when the prepared culture medium is squeezed by hand. A part of the prepared culture medium for artificial cultivation is dried, and its moisture content is calculated and confirmed. The moisture content of the artificial culture medium is preferably about 63 to 65%. The shape and volume of the cultivation bottle container are not particularly limited. When filling the cultivation bottle with the culture medium for artificial cultivation, it is also possible to provide an inoculation hole (vent hole) to improve the rotation of the bacteria.

  In the sterilization step, the cultivation bottle filled with the artificial cultivation medium is sealed and placed in a sterilization pot to sterilize the artificial cultivation medium. Sterilization includes a high pressure sterilization method and a normal pressure sterilization method, and a high pressure sterilization method is preferable. In the high-pressure sterilization method, a program operation is performed. As a general example, a program operation is performed at 98 ° C. for 60 minutes (acclimation), 118 ° C. for 60 minutes (sterilization), and 110 ° C. for 60 minutes (steaming). The duration of sterilization and steaming varies depending on the size of the sterilization pot, the number of cultivation bottles, and the like. For example, when sterilizing a maximum of 256 cultivation bottles using a high-pressure sterilization pot of 90 cm × 90 cm × 90 cm, Sterilize and steam each 50 minutes. In the normal pressure sterilization method, the culture medium for artificial cultivation is heat sterilized under normal pressure. The heating conditions are set as appropriate, but are usually 6 to 7 hours at 100 ° C. In any sterilization method, after sterilization in this manner, the solution is cooled to about room temperature.

  In the inoculation step, the inoculum is dropped to such an extent that the surface of the sterilized artificial culture medium in each cultivation bottle is covered.

  In the culture step, the culture bottle inoculated with the inoculum is transferred to the culture room and cultured. The room temperature of the culture chamber is preferably 20 to 23 ° C. and the relative humidity is preferably about 65 to 70%. Other conditions such as appropriate ventilation are the same as those for normal artificial cultivation of mushrooms. Light irradiation is not particularly necessary. The culture can be completed in about 25 to 30 days. As the culture progresses, the mycelium spreads in the culture medium for artificial cultivation. Usually, after confirming the completion of the mycelial spread, the cultivation (ripening) is continued for 5 days. It depends on the variety.

  In the fungus scraping step, after culturing, the old inoculum is scraped off from the surface of the culture medium for artificial cultivation of each cultivation bottle using a medicine spoon or fungus scraping blade, etc., and the surface is once in a uniform state, The cocoon primordium is synchronously formed on the entire surface of the culture medium for artificial cultivation. Thereby, the cocoon of the size prepared from the whole surface of the culture medium for artificial cultivation can be harvested, and a mushroom with high commercial value can be obtained.

  Finally, each process of the said germination, growth, and harvest is demonstrated. After the bacteria are scraped as described above, a cap is put on the mouth of each cultivation bottle, and it is transferred to the growth room and grown. The room temperature of the growth chamber is preferably 15 to 19 ° C. and relative humidity 80 to 90%. The reason for putting a cap on each cultivation bottle is to sprout quickly. When each culture bottle is transferred to the growth chamber, it may be placed at a low temperature of about 10 ° C. for about one day to give a low temperature stimulus and then transferred to the growth chamber. When 10 to 12 days have passed after moving to the growth room, mushroom nuclei begin to emerge from the surface of the culture medium for artificial cultivation of each cultivation bottle. When the mushroom nucleus begins to appear, remove the cap and promote the growth of the fruiting body. When growing fruit bodies, considerable humidity is required. When growing fruit bodies, light irradiation of about 100 to 125 lux may be performed. When harvesting, for example, in the case of eringi, when the longest diameter of the umbrella is 4-5 cm, or when the longest largest umbrella exceeds 7 cm, as a guideline, When the major axis exceeds 3 cm, or when the number of umbrellas exceeding the major axis 1.5 cm becomes 10 or more.

  The medium for artificial cultivation of the present invention described above has the effect of significantly reducing the number of days until harvest of oyster mushrooms and significantly increasing the yield.

  Hereinafter, in order to make the configuration and effects of the present invention more specific, examples and the like will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, “part” means “part by mass” and “%” means “% by mass”.

Test category 1 (Preparation of culture medium for artificial cultivation and evaluation by cultivation of eringi)
Example 1
Sugiogakuzu is used as a medium base material, and it is contained as a nutrient in a ratio of 52.5% sesame seeds derived from heated roasted sesame seeds, 17.5% bran, and 30.0% corn pressure pieces in terms of dry matter. Was mixed at a ratio of the medium base material / the nutrient material = 80/20 (mass ratio) and hydrated to prepare an artificial cultivation medium having a water content (water content) of 65%. . An artificial culture medium 510 g was filled into a 850 ml polypropylene cultivation bottle. Similarly, 15 cultivation bottles were produced. The method for filling the medium for artificial cultivation was the same as the method for filling the medium in normal bottle cultivation, but here, the inoculation holes were made when the medium for artificial cultivation was filled. After each culture bottle is filled with an artificial culture medium, the bottle mouth is covered with a cap and sealed, and is subjected to high pressure sterilization at 98 ° C. for 60 minutes (acclimation), 118 ° C. for 60 minutes (sterilization), and 110 ° C. After sterilizing for 60 minutes (steamed) and sterilizing under high pressure, the artificial culture medium was cooled to room temperature, and the inoculum was inoculated on the surface of the artificial culture medium in the bottle mouth. The inoculum is obtained by cultivating the following used bacteria for inoculation using the following MYP agar medium. After inoculation with the inoculum, each cultivation bottle was transferred to a culture room (room temperature 22 ° C., relative humidity 65%) and cultured. After confirming the completion of the mycelial infestation, the cultivation was further continued for 5 days (aging). After completion of the culture, the bacteria are scraped off to remove the inoculum remaining on the surface of the artificial culture medium, and the bottle mouth of each cultivation bottle is covered with a cap and transferred to a growth room at 15 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80 to 90%. And grown. At the end of 12 days, cocoon nuclei were formed on the surface of the artificial culture medium, so the cap was removed to promote the growth of fruit bodies. Harvesting was carried out on the day when the fruit body umbrellas with a major axis of 4-5 cm were collected. The results are shown in Table 1.

Bacteria used: Japanese name Elingi Scientific name Pleurotus eryngii strain MA02 Obtained from Nagano Prefecture Economic Federation MYP agar medium: 7 g malt extract, 0.5 g yeast extract, 1.0 g soyton (soy protein hydrolyzate) and 10 g agar powder per 1000 ml Blended, pH not adjusted

Examples 2 to 5, Reference Examples 6 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10
In the same manner as in Example 1, media for artificial cultivation of artificial trees of Examples 2 to 5, Reference Examples 6 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were prepared, and eryngii was cultivated. These contents including Example 1 are summarized in Table 1.

In Table 1,
Proportion: parts by mass in dry matter Number of days until harvest (days): Number of days from the start of the growth process to the day when umbrellas with a major axis of 4-5 cm are collected in the cultivation bottle Total yield of fruiting body (g): fruiting body The number of grams of stock taken to harvest.
Index: Value calculated by the following formula 1

S ¹ : Value obtained by (total fruit body yield / days until harvest) in Comparative Example 1 T ¹ : In each of Examples 1 to 5, Reference Examples 6 to 12 and Comparative Examples 2 to 10, G-1: Sesame meal derived from heated roasted sesame seeds G-2: Sesame meal derived from far-red roasted sesame seeds G-3: Derived from unroasted sesame seeds Nose Sesame G-4: Degreased sesame seeds derived from heated roasted sesame seeds G-5: Degreased sesame seeds derived from far-red roasted sesame seeds G-6: Degreased sesame seeds derived from unroasted sesame seeds H-1: Corn pressure piece H-2: Corn Blanc

Test category 2 (preparation of artificial culture medium and evaluation by oyster mushroom cultivation)
Example 13
Sugiogakuzu is used as a medium base material, and it is contained as a nutrient in a ratio of 52.5% sesame seeds derived from heated roasted sesame seeds, 17.5% bran, and 30% corn pressure pieces in terms of dry matter. Using the mixture, the medium base material / the nutrient material was mixed at a ratio of 80/20 (mass ratio) and hydrated to prepare an artificial cultivation medium having a water content (water content) of 65%. The prepared artificial culture medium 510 g was filled into an 850 ml polypropylene cultivation bottle. Similarly, 15 cultivation bottles were produced. The method for filling the culture medium for artificial cultivation was the same as the filling method for the medium material in normal bottle cultivation, but here, the inoculation holes were made when the culture medium for artificial cultivation was filled. After each culture bottle is filled with an artificial culture medium, the bottle mouth is covered with a cap and sealed, and is subjected to high pressure sterilization at 98 ° C. for 60 minutes (acclimation), 118 ° C. for 60 minutes (sterilization), and 110 ° C. After sterilizing for 60 minutes (steamed) and sterilizing under high pressure, the artificial culture medium was cooled to room temperature, and the inoculum was inoculated on the surface of the artificial culture medium in the bottle mouth. The inoculum is obtained by cultivating the following used bacteria for inoculation using the following MYP agar medium. After inoculation with the inoculum, each cultivation bottle was transferred to a culture room (room temperature 22 ° C., humidity 65%) and cultured. After confirming the completion of the hypha spread, the cultivation was continued for another 5 days (aging). After completion of the culture, the bacteria are scraped to remove the inoculum remaining on the surface of the culture medium for artificial cultivation, and in a growth room at 15 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80% to 90% with the caps placed on the bottle mouths. Transfer and grow. At the end of 12 days, cocoon nuclei were formed on the surface of the artificial culture medium, so the cap was removed to promote the growth of fruit bodies. Harvesting was conducted on the day when the longest umbrella of the fruiting body exceeded 3 cm. The results are shown in Table 2.

Bacteria used: Japanese name oyster mushroom, scientific name Pleurotus ostreatus, strain KE-106, obtained from Katsuragi Sangyo MYP agar medium: the same as in Example 1

Example 14, Reference Examples 15 to 19 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15
In the same manner as in Example 13, media for artificial cultivation of Example 14, Reference Examples 15 to 19 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15 were prepared, and oyster mushrooms were cultivated. These contents, including Example 13, are summarized in Table 2.

In Table 2,
Percentage: parts by mass in terms of dry matter Number of days until harvest (days): Number of days from the start of the growing process in the cultivation bottle to the day when the largest umbrella exceeds 3 cm in length The total yield of fruit bodies (g): Harvesting fruit bodies Number of grams of stock taken to do Index: Value calculated by the following number 2

S ² : Value obtained by (total fruit body yield / days until harvest) in Comparative Example 11 T ² : In each of Examples 13 and 14, Reference Examples 15 to 19 and Comparative Examples 12 to 15 (Child G-1 to G-6, H-1: Same as Table 1 (total yield / days until harvest)

Claims (3)

10 in the artificial cultivation medium Pleurotus mushrooms containing a medium substrate and nutrient materials, nutritional material, in terms of dry matter, a fudge 30-60 wt%, 15-40 wt% and corn such a bran A medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms characterized by comprising 35% by mass (total 100% by mass). Billing nutritional material, in terms of dry matter, a sesame lees 30 to 55% by weight, in which comprising a proportion of 15 to 40% by weight of wheat bran and corn acids 25-35 wt% (total 100 wt%) A medium for artificial cultivation of Paramecium mushroom according to Item 1. The medium for artificial cultivation of oyster mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the mushroom genus mushrooms are oyster mushrooms or eringi.