JP4989661B2 - 水素ガスセンサ - Google Patents
水素ガスセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4989661B2 JP4989661B2 JP2008556188A JP2008556188A JP4989661B2 JP 4989661 B2 JP4989661 B2 JP 4989661B2 JP 2008556188 A JP2008556188 A JP 2008556188A JP 2008556188 A JP2008556188 A JP 2008556188A JP 4989661 B2 JP4989661 B2 JP 4989661B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen gas
- carbon
- gas sensor
- solid polymer
- polymer electrolyte
- Prior art date
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- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
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- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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- H01M4/8867—Vapour deposition
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8867—Vapour deposition
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—Specially adapted to detect a particular component for H2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
2:基材(固体高分子電解質)
3:触媒層
3a:触媒
4:電極
4a:アノード電極
4b:カソード電極
5:アクリル樹脂製の板状体
5a:板状体の開口
6:電圧検出回路
7:ガス拡散層
22:基材(カーボン含有固体高分子電解質)
23:基材(カーボン含有固体高分子電解質)
40:電極対
40a、40b、40c:電極板
50a、50b:ガス拡散層
60a、60b:アクリル板体
100:制御部
101:CPU
102:メモリ
105a、105b:ファン
200:基材
300:Mo2C触媒粒子
C:カーボン
C1:グラファイト、カーボンナノチューブ
C2:フラーレン、ナノダイアモンド
S:固体高分子電解質
図1に示すように、水素ガスセンサ1は、固体高分子電解質でなる基材2の一側面に、水素ガスと接触することにより触媒機能を持つ触媒層3が形成され、当該基材2の両面が通気性を有する電極4で接合されている。
実施例1−1:固体高分子電解質でなる基材として、厚さ100μmのパーフルオロ系高分子、ナフィオン膜(NRE−212)(デュポン社から購入)を5cm角にカットし、カットしたナフィオン膜を濾紙で挟み、上方から130℃に加熱したアイロンで押圧し、濾紙に水が浸透しなくなるまで繰り返して水分を飛ばした。
図9に示すように、本発明による水素ガスセンサ1は、カーボンCが分散された固体高分子電解質S、即ち、カーボン含有固体高分子電解質でなる基材22の少なくとも一側面に水素ガスと接触することにより触媒機能を持つ触媒層3が形成され、当該基材22の両面が通気性を有する電極4で接合されている。
(A)Sun Nanotech Co Ltd.製のMulti-Wall Carbon nanotubes L.MWNTs-10、
(B)同Multi-Wall Carbon nanotubes-Bundled L.B.MWNTs-10、
(C)山本通産株式会社より購入したCtube100、
(D)Carbon Nano-material Technology Co.,LTD.製のCNT MWCNT、の各カーボンナノチューブ、
(E)Beijing Grish Hitech Co.,Ltd製のNono Graphite
図16に示すように、本発明による水素ガスセンサ1は、少なくとも二種類のカーボンCが分散された固体高分子電解質S、即ち、カーボン含有固体高分子電解質でなる基材23の少なくとも一側面に水素ガスと接触することにより触媒機能を持つ触媒層3が形成され、当該基材23の両面が通気性を有する電極4で接合されている。
実施例3−1:アルコール系溶媒を用いた固体高分子電解質溶液(品名 Poly(styrene-ran-ethylene),sulfonated,5wt% solution in 1-propanol)(アルドリッチ社製)、C60,C70混合フラーレン(品名 nanom mix ST-F)(フロンティアカーボン株式会社製)、カーボンナノチューブ(品名 C100)(山本通産株式会社から購入)を準備した。固体高分子電解質溶液4g中に、フラーレンC2及びカーボンナノチューブC1の質量の総和を0.08gとして、図19(a)に示すように、全カーボンCに対するフラーレンC2の重量パーセントXが0から100の範囲で所定の混合比率となるように調整した複数組の混合カーボンCを夫々混入し、スターラーで1時間攪拌する。
以下に、上述した水素ガスセンサの触媒層にモリブデンカーバイドMo2Cが用いられる例を、具体的な活用例を含めて説明する。
実験4−1:モリブデンカーバイドMo2Cを触媒として採用した水素ガスセンサ(以下、「実験サンプル」と記す。)と、白金Ptを触媒として採用した水素ガスセンサ(以下、「比較サンプル」と記す。)の双方について、水素ガス検出時の起電力の変化量、つまり過渡応答特性を確認した。
実験4−1及び4−2の結果を表1に示す。
実験4−3:次に、固体高分子電解質膜の両面に対し、それぞれモリブデンカーバイドMo2Cで触媒層を形成した場合の水素ガス検出時の起電力変化量を調べた。
実験4−3の結果を表2に示す。
考察:実験4−1の結果、表1に示されるように、モリブデンカーバイドMo2Cを触媒とする実験サンプル1の起電力変化量ΔVは、白金Ptを触媒とする比較サンプルの起電力変化量ΔVと比べて1/20以下の小さい値であることが判明した。しかしながら、触媒種の差でこのような出力差があるものの、実験サンプル1では絶対値として20mVの起電力変化量ΔVが得られ、この値であれば、水素ガスセンサの検出信号として十分に利用でき、実用的な問題にはならない。
Claims (12)
- 固体高分子電解質で構成される基材の一側面に触媒層が形成された検出部を備えている水素ガスセンサであって、
前記基材をカーボンが分散されたカーボン含有固体高分子電解質で構成することを特徴とする水素ガスセンサ。 - 前記基材は、固体高分子電解質にカーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン、グラファイト、ナノカーボン、カーボンブラックの中から選ばれた一種以上よりなるカーボン素材が分散されたカーボン含有固体高分子電解質で構成されている請求項1記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記基材は、固体高分子電解質にカーボンブラック、グラファイト、ナノカーボン、及びカーボンナノチューブからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種以上のカーボン素材と、フラーレン、ナノダイアモンド及びナノポーラスカーボンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種以上のカーボン素材が混合されたカーボン含有固体高分子電解質で構成されている請求項1記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 水素ガスの目標検出濃度範囲に合わせて、前記基材に混合された全カーボンに対するフラーレン、ナノダイアモンド及びナノポーラスカーボンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種以上のカーボン素材の混合比が調整されている請求項3記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記基材に混合された全カーボンに対するフラーレン、ナノダイアモンド及びナノポーラスカーボンからなる群のカーボンの重量パーセントXが、50≦X<100の範囲である請求項3記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記基材に混合された全カーボンに対するフラーレン、ナノダイアモンド及びナノポーラスカーボンからなる群のカーボンの重量パーセントXが、0<X<50の範囲である請求項3記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記カーボン含有固体高分子電解質は、固体高分子電解質溶液に前記カーボン素材を分散し、所定形状に成形した後に加熱乾燥した固体高分子電解質で構成されている請求項1から6の何れかに記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 固体高分子電解質溶液に、当該固体高分子電解質溶液の溶媒に対する分散性が異なる二種類のカーボン素材を混入して形成されたカーボン含有固体高分子電解質でなる基材と、当該基材の一側面に形成された触媒層とで構成される検出部を備えている水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記触媒層は、水素ガスと接触することにより触媒機能を持つ金属若しくは合金、または、触媒活性を有する有機金属、若しくは有機物で構成されている請求項1から8の何れかに記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記触媒層は、水素ガスと接触することにより触媒機能を持つモリブデンカーバイドを含む材料で構成されている請求項1から8の何れかに記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記触媒層は、スパッタ法、イオンビーム法、コーティング法及び蒸着法の何れかの薄膜形成法を用いて、前記基材の一側面に担持された触媒で形成されている請求項9または10記載の水素ガスセンサ。
- 前記検出部が、通気性を有する電極と接合されている請求項1から11の何れかに記載の水素ガスセンサ。
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JP2002071611A (ja) | 2000-08-30 | 2002-03-12 | Fis Kk | 水素ガスセンサ |
JP2002289243A (ja) | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-04 | Toyo Eng Corp | 透過水素ガス量測定方法およびその装置 |
JP3979250B2 (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2007-09-19 | 松下電工株式会社 | 水素センサ及び水素センサを備えた電解水生成器 |
US20050271928A1 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-08 | Ovshinsky Stanford R | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell with non-noble metal catalysts |
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2008
- 2008-01-31 EP EP08710690A patent/EP2110661A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-31 US US12/524,805 patent/US20100025241A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-31 WO PCT/JP2008/051592 patent/WO2008093813A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-01-31 CN CNA2008800020224A patent/CN101606056A/zh active Pending
- 2008-01-31 JP JP2008556188A patent/JP4989661B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-31 KR KR1020097007327A patent/KR20090115110A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-02-01 TW TW097103979A patent/TW200839233A/zh unknown
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JP2004199943A (ja) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 固体高分子電解質組成物、固体高分子電解質膜、膜−電極接合体及び固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
WO2004112099A2 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-23 | Materials And Electrochemical Research (Mer) Corporation | Fullerene-based electrolyte for fuel cells |
JP2005038818A (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-02-10 | Junji Nakamura | 炭化モリブデン触媒およびその製造方法、並びに、該触媒を利用した燃料電池用電極および燃料電池 |
JP2006216285A (ja) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子電解質膜、固体高分子電解質膜電極接合体及び固体高分子電解質形燃料電池 |
JP2006322926A (ja) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-11-30 | Nagoya Institute Of Technology | 水素センサ及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2008093813A1 (ja) | 2010-05-20 |
EP2110661A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
TW200839233A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
KR20090115110A (ko) | 2009-11-04 |
WO2008093813A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
US20100025241A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
CN101606056A (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
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