JP4940145B2 - 改良された低温特性を有する潤滑油の作製方法 - Google Patents
改良された低温特性を有する潤滑油の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4940145B2 JP4940145B2 JP2007541407A JP2007541407A JP4940145B2 JP 4940145 B2 JP4940145 B2 JP 4940145B2 JP 2007541407 A JP2007541407 A JP 2007541407A JP 2007541407 A JP2007541407 A JP 2007541407A JP 4940145 B2 JP4940145 B2 JP 4940145B2
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- solvent
- boiling range
- hydrotreating
- catalyst
- feed stream
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/30—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
- C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
a)潤滑油沸点範囲原料を、効果的な溶剤脱ロウ条件下で運転される溶剤脱ロウ段において溶剤脱ロウし、それにより少なくとも部分脱ロウされた原料が製造される工程、および
b)部分脱ロウされた原料を、触媒有効量の水素化脱ロウ触媒と、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、効果的な水素化脱ロウ条件下で運転される反応段において接触させ、それにより第一の基材を含む反応生成物が製造される工程
によって作製される。
a)ワックスを、前記原料から分離する工程、および次いで
b)脱ロウ原料を、触媒有効量の水素化脱ロウ触媒と、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、効果的な水素化脱ロウ条件下で運転される反応段において接触させ、それにより第一の基材を含む反応生成物が製造される工程
によって作製される。
触媒
第一の基材を作製するのに用いられる水素化脱ロウ触媒は、例えば、二元機能水素化脱ロウ触媒、または金属水素添加機能を全く含まない水素化脱ロウ(「HDW」)触媒であることができる。本明細書の実施例で用いられる触媒の特性およびそこで用いられる量を、次の表1に要約する。これらの触媒には、従来の商業的に入手可能な非金属HDW触媒(H−ZSM−48/Al2O3)(「触媒B」)が含まれた。触媒Bは、1/16インチ(1.6mm)の四葉型押出し成形物に形成された。これは、ZSM−48結晶65%を、アルミナ35%と結合して含んだ。本発明で用いるのに適切な二元機能触媒(「触媒A」)は、触媒Bの押出し成形物を、硝酸白金テトラアンミンを用いて含浸することによって形成された。触媒Cは、自己結合H−ZSM−5押出し成形物を用いて形成された。
反応器の準備および運転手順
表2に要約された特性を有する溶剤脱ロウ原料を、芳香族抽出プロセスから得られる潤滑油沸点範囲ラフィネートを溶剤脱ロウすることによって得た。溶剤脱ロウ原料の三つの部分を、それぞれ別々に、触媒A、触媒B、および触媒Cを用いて水素化脱ロウした。水素化脱ロウは、連続触媒試験装置を用いて行われた。これは、ISCOシリンジポンプを有する液体供給システム、三域加熱炉を有する固定床管状反応器、液体生成物回収、およびガス分析のためのオンラインMTI GCからなる。触媒容積約5cm3または約10cm3のいずれか(表1を参照されたい)を、1/8インチ(3.2mm)サーモウェルを含む下向き流3/8インチ(9.5mm)のステンレススチール製反応器に充填した。これを表に示す。装置を、圧力試験した後、触媒を、周囲圧力でN2 250cc/分を用いて、300℃で2時間乾燥した。触媒の予備硫化が必要である場合には、2%(容積)H2S/水素を、100sccmで1時間、触媒床を通して流した。触媒の処理が終了した際に、反応器を、150℃へ冷却し、装置の圧力を、ミティマイト[Mity−Mite]背圧調整装置を調節することによって、1,000psig(6,996kPa)に設定し、ガス流を、N2からH2へ切替えた。表2に記載される液体の溶剤脱ロウ原料を、反応器中に、所望の液空間速度(LHSV)で導入した。液体の溶剤脱ロウ原料が、下流のノックアウトポットに達した際に直ちに、反応器の温度を、目標値へ上昇させた。物質収支(MB)を、装置が6時間経過した際に直ちに開始した。全液体生成物(TLP)を、MBドロップアウトポットに回収した。ガス試料を、TCDおよびFIDの両検出器を装備したオンラインHP MTIガスクロマトグラフ(GC)を用いて分析した。一連の運転を、行って、触媒活性/生成物特性が、LHSVおよびプロセス温度などのプロセス変数の関数として理解された。各収支からのTLP生成物を、バッチ蒸留によって、370℃で分取した。370℃+脱ロウ油の特性を、分析した。
触媒Bを用いる水素化脱ロウ
上記表2に記載される溶剤脱ロウ原料を、触媒Bを用いて、実施例2に記載される手順に従って、次の条件で水素化脱ロウした。即ち、反応器の温度約270℃〜約350℃、全圧約1,000psig(6,996kPa)、液体速度約10cm3/時、H2循環速度約2,500scf/bbl(445m3/m3)、およびLHSV約2時−1であった。表3に、触媒Bを用いて、温度300℃で得られた潤滑油生成物の物理特性が要約される。生成物は、増大された芳香族、並びに流動点1℃の変化に対する溶剤脱ロウ原料からのより劣った色相、原料からの1 VI減、および一定のNoack揮発性を示した。水素化脱ロウから得られるHDW基材(第一の基材)の一部を、第二の基材および従来の添加剤(清浄剤/防止剤、粘度指数向上剤、および流動点降下剤を含む)へ加えて、5W−30乗用車モーター油(「PCMO」)が処方された。これを、次いで、MRVを含む低温流動試験について試験した。処方5W−30潤滑油(これはまた、「エンジン油」と呼ばれる)に対するMRVの結果を、表3に含む。
触媒Cによる水素化脱ロウ
触媒Cを、実施例2に記載される運転手順を用いて、次の条件で評価した。即ち、反応器の温度約250℃〜約280℃、全圧約1,000psig(6,996kPa)、液体供給速度約10cm3/時、H2循環速度約2,500scf/bbl(445m3/m3)、およびLHSV約2時−1であった。触媒Cは、異性化に替わる分解によって脱ロウを促進すると知られることに留意されたい。触媒Bと比較して、触媒Cは、所望の生成物の物理特性を、同じ概略収率損で達成するのに、45℃の温度利点を示した。表5には、触媒Cを用いて、温度255℃で得られた生成物の潤滑油留分について、物理特性が要約される。水素化脱ロウから得られるHDW基材(第一の基材)の一部を、第二の基材、および従来の添加剤(清浄剤/防止剤、粘度指数向上剤、および流動点降下剤を含む)へ加えて、5W−30PCMOが形成された。これを、次いで、MRVを含む低温流動試験について試験した。処方エンジン油に対するMRV試験からの結果を、表5に含む。
触媒Aを用いる水素化脱ロウ
この実施例は、溶剤脱ロウ原料を、触媒Aを用いて、緩やかな条件で水素化脱ロウすることによって達成できる低温特性の向上を示す。低温性能のより大きな向上は、水素化脱ロウ工程において、触媒BおよびCを用いて得られる向上に比べて、二元機能触媒Aを用いて観察される。
第二の基材の特性
第二の基材を、第一の基材と共に用いて、実施例3、4、および5の5W−30 PCMOが作製された。主要量の第一の基材を、少量の第二の基材と共に用いて、仕上げ油の所望の特性が達成された。第二の基材の特性を表8に示す。
比較例
試料を、触媒Aを用いる水素化脱ロウのために、実施例2のラフィネートを三つの部分に分離することによって調製した。第一の部分を、水素化処理して、HDW生成物の流動点30℃が達成された。第二の部分は5℃、第三の部分は−6℃であった。各水素化脱ロウ生成物を、次いで、溶剤脱ロウして、実施例3、4、および5の第一の基材の流動点に類似の流動点(即ち、約−18℃〜約−20℃の範囲)を有する基材が作製された。これをそれぞれ第三、第四および第五の基材とした。
Claims (17)
- 潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームから潤滑油基材を製造する方法であって、
a)潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームを、効果的な溶剤脱ロウ条件下で運転される溶剤脱ロウ段において溶剤脱ロウして、部分的に脱ロウされた留分を少なくとも製造する工程;および
b)前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分を、水素化脱ロウ触媒と、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、緩やかな水素化脱ロウ条件下で運転される反応段において接触させて、少なくともガス状生成物と液体生成物とを含む反応生成物を製造する工程
を含み、
前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームは、366〜488℃(690〜910°F)の沸点範囲を有する、溶剤抽出プロセスによって得られたラフィネートであり、
前記溶剤脱ロウに用いられる溶剤は、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、プロパン、エタン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択され、
前記緩やかな水素化脱ロウ条件は、温度250℃〜310℃、全圧4,238〜10,443kPa(600〜1,500psig)、液空間速度0.5〜2時−1、および水素処理ガス比107〜445m3/m3(600〜2,500SCFH2/B)を含み、
前記水素化脱ロウ触媒は、本質的にZSM−48からなり、かつ、
前記潤滑油基材は、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分から0〜2ポイント内のVI、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分を基準として収率損0〜5重量%、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分から0〜−3℃内の流動点、および仕上げされた潤滑油中に混合するとき、溶剤脱ロウのみを用いて完全に脱ロウされた留分よりも少なくとも13%低いMRV粘度を有する、
ことを特徴とする潤滑油基材の製造方法。 - 前記原料ストリームは、ASTM D86またはASTM D2,887によって測定して、10%留出点650゜F(343℃)超を有し、かつ鉱油源、合成源または両者の混合物から誘導されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料ストリームは、前記原料ストリームの重量を基準として0.2重量%までの窒素、および前記原料ストリームの重量を基準として3.0重量%までの硫黄を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記水素化脱ロウ触媒は、第VI族金属、第VIII族金属またはそれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも一種の金属水素添加成分を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記水素化脱ロウ触媒は、シリカ、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、シリカとチタニア、マグネシア、トリア、ジルコニアのような他の金属酸化物との二元組合せ、あるいはシリカ−アルミナ−トリア、シリカ−アルミナ−マグネシアのような金属酸化物の三元組合せのような無機酸化物から選択される結合剤物質を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 潤滑油基材を含む前記液体生成物は、少なくとも2種の潤滑油基材を製造するために分留されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- a)前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームを、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、水素処理触媒と、効果的な水素処理条件下で運転される水素処理反応段において接触させることにより、水素処理段ガス状生成物と水素処理された潤滑油生成物を含む水素処理段液体生成物とからなる水素処理反応生成物を製造する工程;および
b)前記水素処理反応生成物を、溶剤脱ロウ段へ導く工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 前記水素処理触媒および前記効果的な水素処理条件は、前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームの水素化分解、ヘテロ原子を除去するための前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームの水素化処理、および/または前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリーム中の芳香族の水素添加を達成するように選択されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 潤滑油を製造する方法であって、
a)潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームを、効果的な溶剤脱ロウ条件下で運転される溶剤脱ロウ段において溶剤脱ロウして、部分的に脱ロウされた留分を少なくとも製造する工程;
b)前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分を、本質的にZSM−48からなる水素化脱ロウ触媒と、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、緩やかな水素化脱ロウ条件下で運転される反応段において接触させて、潤滑油基材を含む反応生成物を製造する工程;および
c)前記潤滑油基材に、少なくとも前記潤滑油基材とは相違する第2の基材および少なくとも1種の添加剤を添加する工程
を含み、
前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームは、溶剤抽出プロセスによって得られたラフィネートであり、
前記溶剤脱ロウに用いられる溶剤は、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、プロパン、エタン、およびそれらの混合物からなる群より選択され、
前記緩やかな水素化脱ロウ条件は、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分中に残存する微量のパラフィンを変換するために、温度250℃〜310℃、全圧4,238〜10,443kPa(600〜1,500psig)、液空間速度0.5〜2時−1、および水素処理ガス比107〜445m3/m3(600〜2,500SCFH2/B)を含み、かつ、
前記潤滑油基材は、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分から0〜2ポイント内のVI、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分を基準として収率損0〜5重量%、前記部分的に脱ロウされた留分から0〜−3℃内の流動点、および仕上げされた潤滑油中に混合するとき、溶剤脱ロウのみを用いて完全に脱ロウされた留分よりも少なくとも13%低いMRV粘度を有する、ことを特徴とする製造方法。 - 前記反応生成物は、少なくとも前記潤滑油基材を分離するために分留されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記水素化脱ロウ触媒は、第VI族金属、第VIII族金属またはそれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも一種の金属水素添加成分を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- a)潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームを、水素含有処理ガスの存在下に、水素処理触媒と、効果的な水素処理条件下で運転される水素処理反応段において接触させて、水素処理段ガス状生成物と水素処理潤滑油生成物を含有する水素処理段液体生成物とを含む水素処理反応生成物を製造する工程;および
b)前記水素処理液体生成物を、溶剤脱ロウ段へ導く工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。 - 前記水素処理触媒および前記効果的な水素処理条件は、前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームの水素化分解、ヘテロ原子を除去するための前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームの水素化処理、および/または前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリーム中の芳香族の水素添加を達成するように選択されることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- a)前記潤滑油沸点範囲の原料ストリームを、抽出溶剤を用いる溶剤抽出域において、抽出溶剤を含む少なくとも芳香族リーンのラフィネート溶液を製造するのに効果的な条件下で溶剤抽出する工程;
b)前記抽出溶剤の少なくとも一部を、前記芳香族リーンのラフィネート溶液から除去して、少なくとも潤滑油沸点範囲ラフィネート原料ストリームを製造する工程;および
c)前記潤滑油沸点範囲ラフィネート原料ストリームを、溶剤脱ロウ段へ導く工程
を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。 - 前記潤滑油沸点範囲ラフィネート原料ストリームを、溶剤脱ロウの前に水素化処理する工程を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第一の潤滑油基材は、前記第二の基材のものより低い動粘度を有し、前記動粘度は、100℃で測定されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記潤滑油は、流動点0℃未満およびMRV75,000cP未満を有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の製造方法。
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US62782804P | 2004-11-15 | 2004-11-15 | |
US62782704P | 2004-11-15 | 2004-11-15 | |
US60/627,827 | 2004-11-15 | ||
PCT/US2005/041207 WO2006055500A1 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-14 | A method for making a lubricating oil with improved low temperature properties |
US60/627,828 | 2005-11-15 |
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JP2007541505A Pending JP2008520770A (ja) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-14 | 低温特性が改善された潤滑油基材油 |
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JP2007541407A Expired - Fee Related JP4940145B2 (ja) | 2004-11-15 | 2005-11-14 | 改良された低温特性を有する潤滑油の作製方法 |
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