JP4868854B2 - siRNAの頭蓋内送達を通した神経変性疾患の治療 - Google Patents
siRNAの頭蓋内送達を通した神経変性疾患の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
この発明は、小干渉RNA又は小干渉RNAをコードするDNAを含むベクターの脳内融合により神経変性疾患を治療するための、装置、システム及び方法に関する。
発明の背景
この発明は、神経変性疾患の発症及び進行を阻害するか又は阻止するために、脳内の標的化部位に小干渉RNAを送達するための、装置、システム及び方法を提供する。いくつかの神経変性疾患、例えばパーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、脊髄小脳失調症1型、2型、及び3型、及び歯状核赤核(DRPLA)に関して、疾患の全体的な病理性進行に関与する蛋白質が同定された。これらの神経変性疾患に関する治療法は、現在ない。これらの疾患は、進行に伴い衰弱させて、ほとんどが結局は不治である。
発明の概要
本発明は、神経変性疾患の治療のために小干渉RNAを送達するための装置、システム及び方法を提供する。
好ましい態様の詳細な説明
本発明は、当業界の2つの問題点:(1)病理的特性を有する蛋白質のニューロン内の生産により引き起こされる神経変性疾患を如何にして処置するかという問題点及び(2)治療用の小干渉RNAの、罹患したニューロンへの送達の問題点を同時に解決する。
用語
「アルファ−シヌクレイン、BACE1(様々な変種、例えば、変種A,B,C及びDを含む)、ハンチンチン、アタキシン−1、アタキシン−3、及び/又はアトロフィン−1蛋白質」は、アルファ−シヌクレイン(パーキンソン病)、及びベータ−サイトAPP−分割酵素(BACE1(様々な変種、例えば、変種A,B,C及びDを含む))(アルツハイマー病)、ハンチンチン(ハンチントン病)、及びアタキシン−1(脊髄小脳失調症1型)、アタキシン−3(脊髄小脳失調症3型又はマシャード−ヨーゼフ病(Machado-Joseph's Disease))、及び/又は歯状核赤核(DRPLA)遺伝子及び/又はヒトゲノミックDNAの各々により発現され、及び/又はコードされるアミノ酸配列を含む、蛋白質又はその変異蛋白質を意味する。
用語「発現ベクター」は、上記のベクター又は輸送媒体を規定しするが、宿主においての形質転換の後の挿入配列の発現を可能にするようにデザインされる。クローン化された遺伝子(挿入配列)は、通常、プロモーター配列のような制御要素の制御下に配置される。そのような制御配列下でのクローン化遺伝子の配置は、しばしば、制御要素又は制御配列に作動可能に連結されると呼ばれる。
「高度に保存された配列領域」は、標的遺伝子内の一つ又は複数の領域のヌクレオチド配列が、一つの世代から他方の世代へ、又は一つの生物系から他方の生物系へ、顕著に変化しないことを意味する。
用語「アトロフィンー1」は、歯状核赤核(DRPLA)遺伝子によりコードされる蛋白質産物を意味してよい(特に、ヒト又はマウス)。ヒトDRPLAをコードする全ヌクレオチド配列は、受け入れ番号XM 032588(配列番号:8)にて利用可能である。マウスの配列は、受け入れ番号XM 132846(配列番号:11)にて利用可能である。
本明細書にて使用される「核酸分子」は、ヌクレオチドを有する分子を意味する。当該核酸は、一本鎖又は二本鎖又は複数鎖であることができ、そして修飾されたか又は修飾されていないヌクレオチド又は非ヌクレオチド又は様々な混合物及びそれらの組み合わせを含んでよい。本発明による核酸分子の例は、蛋白質の生産のためにコードするためのそのより一般的な手段を必ずしも有さないとしても、小干渉RNAをコードする遺伝子である。
小干渉RNA配列は、小干渉RNA及び標的RNAを、相補塩基対相互作用を通して一緒に導くのに十分な長さを必要とされる。発明の小干渉RNAは長さを変えてよい。小干渉RNAの長さは、好ましくは、10ヌクレオチドより長いか又は等しく、そして標的RNAと安定に相互作用するのに十分な長さであり;好ましくは15−30ヌクレオチド;より特定すれば15から30の何れかの整数のヌクレオチド、例えば15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、及び30である。「十分な長さ」は、予測された条件下で意図された機能を提供するのに十分長い長さの、15ヌクレオチドより大きいか又は等しいオリゴヌクレオチドを意味する。「安定な相互作用」は、小干渉RNAと標的核酸の相互作用を意味する(例えば、生理条件下で標的中の相補ヌクレオチドと水素結合を形成することにより)。
小干渉RNA及び小干渉RNAベクター
本発明によれば、冒された細胞により生産された特定のmRNAに対する小干渉RNAがニューロンないで疾患関連蛋白質の生産を妨害する。本発明によれば、小干渉RNAを標的化細胞に送達するようにデザインされた特別に仕立てられたベクターの使用である。デザインされた小干渉RNAの成功は、神経変性疾患を治療するための脳の標的化細胞へのそれらの好結果の送達に基づいて予測される。
別の好ましい態様において、発明は、核酸に基づく阻害剤(例えば、小干渉RNA)及びパーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、脊髄小脳失調症1型、脊髄小脳失調症3型、及び歯状核赤核の進行及び/又は維持に関与する蛋白質をコードするRNA(例えば、アルファ−シヌクレイン、BACE1(例えば変種A,B,C,及びDのような変種を含む)、ハンチンチン、アタキシン−1、アタキシン−3及び/又はアトロフィン−1)の発現をダウン制御するか又は阻害するための、それらの使用法を提供する。
装置
前に記載された小干渉RNAを用いることにより、本発明は、脳の標的位置への小干渉RNAの送達のための装置、システム、及び方法を提供する。送達の構想された経路は、局所の脳組織へ直接にAAV又は他のベクターを含む小容量の流体を注射するための手段を提供する、植え付けられた、内在の、柔組織内カテーテルの使用を通してである。これらのカテーテルの近位末端を、患者の頭蓋内に外科手術により固定された、植え付けられた大脳内の接近部分、又は患者の胴部内に位置する植え付けられた薬剤ポンプに、接続してよい。
実施例
実施例1:ヒトアタキシン1のmRNAを標的とする小干渉RNAの構築
発明の態様の一例として、我々は、ヒトアタキシン1のmRNAを標的とする小干渉RNAを作成した。この小干渉RNAは、細胞培養において、ヒト細胞内のヒトアタキシン1のmRNAの量を低下させる。脊髄小脳失調症1型(SCA1)の治療剤として、この同じ小干渉RNA又は類似の小干渉RNAは、植え付けられた接近部分及カテーテルを用いて、患者の脳の小脳の細胞に送達される。結果は、これらの細胞内のアタキシン1蛋白質の量の低下であり、それにより患者のSCA1疾患の進行を遅延させるか又は停止させる。
1.945から965の部位におけるmRNA配列を標的とする抗−アタキシン1siRNA:
配列番号:1 5’−AACCAAGAGCGGAGCAACGAA −3’
配列番号:2 3’− GGTTCTCGCCTCGTTGCTTAA−5’
2.1671から1691の部位におけるmRNA配列を標的とする抗−アタキシン1siRNA:
配列番号:3 5’−AACCAAGAGCGGAGCAACGAA −3’
配列番号:4 3’− GGTTCTCGCCTCGTTGCTTAA−5’
3.2750から2770の部位におけるmRNA配列を標的とする抗−アタキシン1siRNA:
配列番号:5 5’−AACCAGTACGTCCACATTTCC −3’
配列番号:6 3’− GGTCATGCAGGTGTAAAGGAA−5’
一連の6デオキシオリゴヌクレオチドの断片がデザインされ、並べられ、そしてMWGバイオテック社のカスタムオリゴヌクレオチド合成サービスから購入されて、上記の3つの標的部位を構成する6つの断片を提供した。さらに、これらのオリゴヌクレオチドは、siRNA構築キット(アンビオン社、カタログ番号1620)に含まれるT7プロモータープライマーの5’末端に相補な8つの塩基配列を含むように構築した。各々の特定のオリゴヌクレオチドを供給されたT7プロモータープライマーにアニールさせ、クレノーでフィルインさせることによりRNAへの転写のための完全長のDNA鋳型を生成した。2つのインビトロ転写されたRNA(一方が他方に対してアンチセンス)をインビトロ転写反応により生成し、次に互いにハイブリダイズさせることにより、二重鎖RNAを作成した。二重鎖RNA産物は、DNase(DNA転写鋳型を除去するため)及びRNase(二重鎖RNAの末端をポリッシュするため)で処理し、そしてカラムを精製することにより、細胞内で送達されて試験され得るsiRNAを提供した。
実施例2:ヒトアタキシン1のmRNAを標的とする小干渉RNAの送達
実施例1において記載された、構築されたsiRNA分子1−3をHEK293細胞にトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクトされた細胞により生産されたRNAを回収し、そしてアッセイすることにより、ヒトアタキシン1のmRNAの量を測定した。
実施例3:小干渉RNAを用いたアタキシン1の発現の対立遺伝子特異的低下
ヘテロ接合体患者においては、単一ヌクレオチド多型(SNP)が変異体と正常な長さの対立遺伝子の間で異なったなら、適切なsiRNAが選択的に変異対立遺伝子のみの発現を低下させるかもしれない。我々は、SCA1開始コドンから+927下流の位置においてSNPに関して対立遺伝子特異的RT−PCRを用いて、293、DAOY,SK−N−SH,及び−ラ細胞を試験した(受け入れ番号NT 007592を参照)。ヒーラ細胞は927Cを発現するが927T対立遺伝子を発現せず、293細胞は927Tを発現するが927C対立遺伝子を発現しない。DAOY及びSK−N−SH細胞は療法の対立遺伝子バリアントを発現する。我々は、この部位を中心とする対立遺伝子特異的siRNAを創製した。これらのsiRNAバリアントによる内在SCA1のmRNAの対立遺伝子特異的抑圧に関するアッセイの結果が与えられる。
実施例4:小干渉RNAウイルスベクターの構築
選択可能なレポータープラスミドpAAV−U6−TracerをsiRNAをクローン化するために構築する。(図3を参照。)プラスミドpAAV−U6−Tracerは、アデノ随伴ウイルスのインバーテッドターミナルリピート(ITR)を含み、pSilencer(アンビオン)からのU6 RNAポリメラーゼIIIプロモーターを周囲に含み、及びpTracer(インビトロジェン)由来のEF1aプロモーター,緑色蛍光蛋白質、Zeocinr耐性、及びSV40ポリAを含む。siRNAを発現するためのオリゴヌクレオチドを、U6 RNAポリメラーゼIIIプロモーターからの3’方向に下流の複数クローニング領域へクローン化する。
とpHelperプラスミドは3つのプラスミドAAV生産システム(アヴィジェン社)の一部である。生産細胞293を培養により成長させ、そして組換えウイルスを単離するのに使用し、二次細胞:ヒーラ細胞、DAOY細胞、及びSK−N−SH細胞をトランスフェクトするのに使用される。
Claims (8)
- a)21から30ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有し、かつ配列番号:1によりコードされる第一の配列を含む第1鎖、及び、21から30ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有し、かつ配列番号:2によりコードされる第二の配列を含む第2鎖;又は
b)21から30ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有し、かつ配列番号:5によりコードされる第一の配列を含む第1鎖、及び、21から30ヌクレオチドの間の長さを有し、かつ配列番号:6によりコードされる第二の配列を含む第2鎖;
を含む、小干渉RNA。 - 第1鎖と第2鎖がループにより連結されており、それにより小さいヘアピンRNAを形成する、請求項1記載の小干渉RNA。
- 請求項2記載の小さいヘアピンRNAを含むウイルスベクター。
- アデノ随伴ウイルスである、請求項3記載のウイルスベクター。
- a)請求項1若しくは2記載の小干渉RNA、又は請求項3若しくは4記載のベクター;及び
b)薬学上許容される担体;
を含む医薬製剤。 - 請求項1若しくは2記載の小干渉RNA、又は請求項3若しくは4記載のベクターを、カチオン脂質と複合体形成するか又はリポソーム内にパッケージして含む、医薬製剤。
- 脊髄小脳失調症1型の治療のための医薬の製造のための、請求項1若しくは2記載の小干渉RNA、又は請求項3若しくは請求項4記載のベクター、又は請求項5若しくは6記載の医薬製剤の使用。
- 医薬が頭蓋内投与に適合されている、請求項7記載の使用。
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ATE550025T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
US20100063134A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
WO2004047872A2 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
EP2145628A1 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
EP1569662A2 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
WO2004047872A3 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
US20040162255A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
JP2006515864A (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
US8119611B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
EP1832292A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
AU2003293035A8 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
EP2145628B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
JP2012006938A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
EP1829547A2 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
CA2507606A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
US7605249B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
AU2003293035A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
EP1829547A3 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
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