JP4866465B2 - 滅菌インジケーター - Google Patents
滅菌インジケーター Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4866465B2 JP4866465B2 JP2009529353A JP2009529353A JP4866465B2 JP 4866465 B2 JP4866465 B2 JP 4866465B2 JP 2009529353 A JP2009529353 A JP 2009529353A JP 2009529353 A JP2009529353 A JP 2009529353A JP 4866465 B2 JP4866465 B2 JP 4866465B2
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- Prior art keywords
- beta
- nitrophenyl
- sterilization
- substrate
- enzyme
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 194
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- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 159
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 159
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 77
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 210000004215 spore Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- CQTZJAKSNDFPOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OP(O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 CQTZJAKSNDFPOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010051457 Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000607528 Aeromonas hydrophila Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100034560 Cytosol aminopeptidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- JBOPQACSHPPKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indoxyl acetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)C)=CNC2=C1 JBOPQACSHPPKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100030122 Protein O-GlcNAcase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
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- 102000005840 alpha-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010030291 alpha-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- MHSVUSZEHNVFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis-4-nitrophenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC=1OP(=O)(O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 MHSVUSZEHNVFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PCKPVGOLPKLUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indoxyl Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(O)=CNC2=C1 PCKPVGOLPKLUHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010017378 prolyl aminopeptidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- QJRYPNZYBXWKEV-DUQPFJRNSA-N 1-naphthyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 QJRYPNZYBXWKEV-DUQPFJRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAGLTVBWEMHJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4-methylchromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=2C(C)=CC(=O)OC=2C=C1OC1OC(CO)C(O)C1O FAGLTVBWEMHJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006501 nitrophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- FXJYOZKDDSONLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein-mono-beta-glucuronic acid Natural products O1C(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1=CC=C(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)O2)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C=C1 FXJYOZKDDSONLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DSNRZTVNAUGXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-diethyl-4-nitrophenyl) dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group CCC1=C(OP(O)(O)=O)C=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1CC DSNRZTVNAUGXKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DMBLCROMMOZRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl) butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O DMBLCROMMOZRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LNCYDBDIFKPOMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl) decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O LNCYDBDIFKPOMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CLUAHXANKUFFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl) dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CLUAHXANKUFFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VFRSWGDYQQLJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nitrophenyl) propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O VFRSWGDYQQLJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FLUSEOZMBNGLSB-HNTFPEDGSA-N (2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-bromo-3-chloro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-(1H-indol-2-yl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@](Br)(C(O)=O)[C@](O)(Cl)[C@@]1(O)C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2N1 FLUSEOZMBNGLSB-HNTFPEDGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BAFVIBZGWUYTHO-CQSZACIVSA-N (2r)-2-[(4-diazo-5-ethoxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-ethoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(=O)N[C@](C)(OCC)C(O)=O)=CCC1=[N+]=[N-] BAFVIBZGWUYTHO-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012916 chromogenic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONCCWDRMOZMNSM-FBCQKBJTSA-N compound Z Chemical compound N1=C2C(=O)NC(N)=NC2=NC=C1C(=O)[C@H]1OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O ONCCWDRMOZMNSM-FBCQKBJTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GLNDAGDHSLMOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 120 Chemical class C1=C(N)C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C GLNDAGDHSLMOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCFYHBSOLOXZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrochrysin Natural products COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C2)=C1 KCFYHBSOLOXZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940096118 ella Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XJRPTMORGOIMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=1SC(N)=NC=1C(F)(F)F XJRPTMORGOIMMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical class O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002303 glucose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YMAWOPBAYDPSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycylglycine Chemical compound [NH3+]CC(=O)NCC([O-])=O YMAWOPBAYDPSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015688 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UPSFMJHZUCSEHU-JYGUBCOQSA-N n-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](OC=2C=C3OC(=O)C=C(C)C3=CC=2)O[C@@H]1CO UPSFMJHZUCSEHU-JYGUBCOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBZSVGXZAPNCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZBZSVGXZAPNCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068977 polysorbate 20 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSSLDCABUXLXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorufin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=C2OC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=C21 HSSLDCABUXLXKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071127 thioglycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007143 thioglycolate medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioglycolate(1-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012137 tryptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N ulipristal acetate Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1[C@@H]1C2=C3CCC(=O)C=C3CC[C@H]2[C@H](CC[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C(C)=O)[C@]2(C)C1 OOLLAFOLCSJHRE-ZHAKMVSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/22—Testing for sterility conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
- G01N33/521—Single-layer analytical elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
アールストロム(Ahlstrom)238紙のシート(アールストロムによって提供される紙製品)は、6mmの直径を有する6つの円形の支持板(23.8mm2の表面積)のそれぞれに切られる。3つの板は、1ミリリットルにつき108cfu以上の個体数を有する7マイクロリットルのゲオバチルス ステアロテルモフィルスを用いて、一方の面に播種される。3つの板は、播種されない。板のそれぞれは、25mm×6mm×0.25mmの容積を有するポリスチレンの支持細片に対して、超音波溶着される。板のそれぞれについて、溶着ホーン(horn)が基材細片の一方の面との接触をもたらされると同時に、板は基材細片の他方の面と接触して配置される。播種されている板に関して、胞子と接触していない面は、支持細片と接触して配置される。超音波溶着の後に、播種していない3つの板は、上記と同じ方法において播種される。図4はこれらの試験の結果を示す。これらの試験は、超音波溶着の結果として有意な微生物の損失がないことを証明している。
実施例1に記載した種類の滅菌インジケーター試料は、106cfu/mlのゲオバチルス ステアロテルモフィルスを用いて播種され、かつ異なる容積および緩衝化能のインキュベーション媒体にさらされる。試料は、微生物の増殖に応じたpH変化について観察される。インキュベーション媒体試料は、以下の通りである。
試料A:完全な緩衝化能を有する、フェノールレッドを伴った1.0mlのトリプティック ソイ ブロス(TSB)。
試料B:完全な緩衝化能の50%を有する、フェノールレッドおよび0.5mlの無菌の脱イオン(DI)水を伴った0.5mlのTSB。
試料C:完全な緩衝化能の80%を有する、フェノールレッドおよび0.1mlの無菌のDI水を伴った0.4mlのTSB。
試料D:完全な緩衝化能の60%を有する、フェノールレッドおよび0.2mlの無菌のDI水を伴った0.3mlのTSB。
試料E:完全な緩衝化能の40%を有する、フェノールレッドおよび0.3mlの無菌のDI水を伴った0.2mlのTSB。
結果は図5に示されている。これらの結果は、より少ないインキュベーション媒体の容積および低減された緩衝化能が、より多いインキュベーション媒体の容積と比べて、より速い微生物の増殖を示すことを示唆している。
Claims (16)
- 第1の表面および第2の表面を有する基材;
第1の部分および第2の部分を有する支持部;ならびに
上記基材によって支持されている生物学的指示薬
を備えている滅菌インジケーターであって、
上記基材は、上記支持部の上記第1の部分を被覆し、
上記基材の上記第2の表面は、上記支持部の上記第1の部分に付着しており、
上記支持部の上記第1の部分はある長さを有しており、上記支持部の上記第2の部分はある長さを有しており、上記支持部の上記第2の部分の長さの、上記支持部の上記第1の部分の長さに対する割合は2:1〜12:1の範囲にあり、上記支持部の上記第2の部分は、上記生物学的指示薬を接触させることなく上記滅菌インジケーターを操作することを可能にするための取っ手として機能するために十分な大きさであり、
上記滅菌インジケーターは、上記生物学的指示薬を上記基材に塗布すること、およびそれから上記支持部に上記基材を付着させることによって形成されており、上記基材は超音波溶接を用いて上記支持部に付着されており、上記基材は1〜80mm2の範囲における表面積を有しており、上記生物学的指示薬をインキュベートするために必要なインキュベーション媒体の容積は0.1〜5mlの範囲であり、上記生物学的指示薬をインキュベートするために必要な時間は0.1〜12時間であり、
上記超音波溶接は、塗布される上記生物学的指示薬を用いて上記基材に塗布されているときに、上記超音波溶接の前と比べて、上記超音波溶接の後の上記生物学的指示薬において重大な差異を示さず、
上記生物学的指示薬はゲオバチルス ステアロテルモフィルス(Geobacillus stearothermophilus)を含んでいる
滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記基材の第1の表面が、5〜50mm2の範囲内の表面積を有するか;
上記基材が、円、正方形、矩形、長円形、もしくは多面の断面の形状を有する基板の形態であるか;
上記基材は、矩形の細片の形態であり、該基材の第1の部分が該基材の長さに関する副次的な部分を構成し、該基材の第2の部分が該基材の長さに関する主要な部分を構成しているか;
上記基材が、超音波溶着、接着、熱封止または積層を用いて上記支持部に取り付けられているか;または
上記基材によって支持される胞子の濃度は、基材の平方ミリメートルあたり10 4 〜10 7 cfuである、
請求項1に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記基材が多孔材料または無孔材料を含むか;
上記基材が、紙、金属、ガラス、セラミック、プラスティック、膜、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせを含むか;
上記基材が圧縮繊維を含むか;
上記基材が、焼結ガラス、ガラス繊維、セラミック、合成重合体、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせから作られる多孔材料を含むか;
上記基材が紙を含むか;または
上記基材がセルロースパッドを含むか;
上記基材が、金属、ガラス、セラミック、プラスティック、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせを含む材料から作られているか;
上記基材がプラスティックから作られているか;または
上記基材がポリスチレンから作られている、
請求項1または2に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記生物学的指示薬が、1つ以上の試験生物、1つ以上の酵素、またはこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。
- 上記生物学的指示薬が細菌胞子をさらに含むか;
上記生物学的指示薬が、バチルス属(Bacillus)もしくはクロストリジウム(Clostridia)の細菌をさらに含むか;
上記生物学的指示薬が、バチルス アトロファエウス(Bacillus atrophaeus)、バチルス サブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、バチルス プミルス(Bacillus pumilus)、バチルス コアギュランス(Bacillus coagulans)、クロストリジウム スポロジェネス(Clostridium sporogenes)、バチルス サブチリス グロビギイ(Bacillus subtilis globigii)、バチルス セレウス(Bacillus cereus)、バチルス チルクランス(Bacillus circulans)、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;
上記生物学的指示薬が、菌類、放線菌、原虫、無性細菌、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;
上記生物学的指示薬が、アスペルギルス ニゲル(Aspergillus niger)、カンディダ アルビカンス(Candida albicans)、トゥリコフィトン メンタグロフィテス(Tricophyton mentagrophytes)、ワンジエラ デルマティティス(Wangiella dermatitis)、ミコバクテリウム チェロナエ(Mycobacterium chelonae)、ミコバクテリウム ゴルダナエ(Mycobacterium gordanae)、ミコバクテリウム スメグマンティス(Mycobacterium smegmantis)、ミコバクテリウム テッラエ(Mycobacterium terrae)、ギアルディア ランブリア(Giardia lamblia)、クリプトスポリディウム パルブム(Cryptosporidium parvum)、アエロモナス ヒドロフィラ(Aeromonas hydrophila)、エンテロコッカス ファエカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)、ストレプトコッカス ファエカリス(Streptococcus faecalis)、エンテロコッカス ファエキウム(Enterococcus faecium)、ストレプトコッカス ピロジェネス(Streptococcus pyrogenes)、エシェリキア コリ(Escherichia coli)、クレブシエラ(Klebsiella)(ニューモニアエ(pneumoniae))、レジオネラ ニューモフィラ(Legionella pneumophla)、メチロバクテリウム(Methylobacterium)、シュードモナス アエルギノーザ(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、サルモネラ コレラエスイス(Salmonella choleraesuis)、ヘリコバクター ピロリ(Helicobactor pylori)、スタフィロコッカス アウレウス(Staphylococcus aureus)、スタフィロコッカス エピデルミディス(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、ステノトゥロフォモナス マルトフィリア(Stenotrophomonas maltphillia)、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;または
上記生物学的指示薬が、無性細菌、無性細胞および/またはこれら構成要素部分をさらに含む、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記生物学的指示薬が、1つ以上の微生物を含み、かつ1つ以上の賦形剤をさらに含むか;
上記賦形剤が1つ以上の含水炭素を含むか;
上記賦形剤がトレハロースであるか;または
上記賦形剤が、スクロース、グルコース、マルトース、デキストラン、スターチ、アガロース、セルロース、タンパク質、ホスホン酸塩、緩衝化剤、蜜蝋、脂質、油、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせを含む、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記生物学的指示薬が、バンコマイシン耐性の腸球菌、メチシリン耐性のスタフィロコッカス アウレウス、ミコバクテリウム チェロナエ、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;または
上記生物学的指示薬が1つ以上のプリオンをさらに含む、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記生物学的指示薬が、1つ以上の酵素をさらに含むか;
上記生物学的指示薬が、ベータ−D−グルコシダーゼ、アルファ−D−グルコシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、酸ホスファターゼ、ブチレートエステラーゼ、カプリレートエステラーゼリパーゼ、ミリステートリパーゼ、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ、バリンアミノペプチダーゼ、キモトリプシン、ホスホヒドロラーゼ、アルファ−D−ガラクトシダーゼ、ベータ−D−ガラクトシダーゼ、アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシダーゼ、N−アセチル−ベータ−D−グルコサミニダーゼ、ベータ−D−セロビオシダーゼ、アラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、プロリンアミノペプチダーゼ、チロシンアミノペプチダーゼ、フェニルアラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、ベータ−D−グルクロニダーゼ、脂肪酸エステラーゼ、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;または
上記生物学的指示薬が、アルファ−D−グルコシダーゼ、ベータ−D−ガラクトシダーゼ、アルファ−D−グルコシダーゼ、ベータ−D−グルコシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、酸ホスファターゼ、ブチレートエステラーゼ、カプリレートエステラーゼリパーゼ、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ、キモトリプシン、ホスホフィドロラーゼ(phosphophydrolase)、アルファ−D−ガラクトシダーゼ、ベータ−D−ガラクトシダーゼ、アラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、チロシンアミノペプチダーゼ、フェニルアラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、脂肪酸エステラーゼ、アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシダーゼ、ベータ−D−グルコシダーゼ、N−アセチル−ベータ−グルコサミニダーゼ、ベータ−D−セロビオシダーゼ、アラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、プロリンアミノペプチダーゼ、チロシンアミノペプチダーゼ、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ、フェニルアラニンアミノペプチダーゼ、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含む、
請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。 - 上記基材が紙を含み、かつ5〜50mm2の範囲にある表面積を有しており、支持部がポリスチレンを含み、上記生物学的指示薬をインキュベートするために必要な時間が0.1〜4時間の範囲である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーター。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の上記滅菌インジケーターを収容し、上記滅菌インジケーターが滅菌の間に滅菌媒体との接触をもたらされるように適合されている第1の区画;ならびに
滅菌の間に上記滅菌インジケーターからのインキュベーション媒体の分離を維持するために適合され、かつ上記滅菌インジケーターが滅菌媒体にさらされた後に、上記滅菌媒体が上記滅菌インジケーターと接触することを許容するように適合されている、インキュベーション媒体を収容する第2の区画を備える、滅菌インジケーターキット。 - 滅菌される少なくとも1つの物品、および上記生物学的指示薬が少なくとも1つの試験生物もしくは少なくとも1つの酵素を含む請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の滅菌インジケーターを、滅菌媒体に対してさらすこと;ならびに
滅菌が有効であるか否かを決定するための滅菌の後に、インキュベーション媒体と上記基材を接触させること、または滅菌が有効であるか否かを決定するために少なくとも1つの酵素基質と上記基材を接触させることを包含する、滅菌の有効性を決定する方法。 - 上記インキュベーション媒体が、1つ以上の栄養源および1つ以上の微生物の増殖指示薬を含むか;
上記インキュベーション媒体が、1つ以上のpH緩衝液、浸透圧平衡を維持する1つ以上の薬剤、1つ以上の中和剤、またはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせをさらに含むか;
上記インキュベーション媒体が、−0.001〜−0.070molのH+の範囲内における緩衝化能を有する緩衝化溶液を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 上記酵素基質が、蛍光を発する1つ以上の4−メチルアンベリフェリル誘導体;7−アミド−4−メチル−クマリンの1つ以上の誘導体;1つ以上のジアセチルフルオレセイン誘導体;フルオレサミン;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、4−メチルアンベリフェリル−2−アセトアミド−4,6−O−ベンジリデン−2−デオキシ−ベータ−D−ルコピラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル アセテート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−N−アセチル−ベータ−D−ガラクトサミニド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−N−アセチル−アルファ−D−グルコサミニド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−N−アセチル−ベータ−D−グルコサミニド;2’−(4−メチルアンベリフェリル)−アルファ−D−N−アセチル ノイラミン酸;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル アルファ−L−アラビノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル エライデート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−フコシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル ブチレート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−セロビオシド;メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−N、N’−ジアセチル チトビオシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−L−フコシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−L−フコシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−D−ガラクトシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−ガラクトシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−D−グルコシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−グルコシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−グルクロニド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル p−グアニジノベンゾエート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル ヘプタノエート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−D−マンノピラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−D−マンノピラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−マンノピラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル オレアート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル パルミテート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル ホスフェート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル プロピオネート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル ステアレート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル サルフェート;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−N,N’N’’−トリアセチルキトトリオース;4’−メチルアンベリフェリル 2,3,5−トリ−ベータ−ベンゾイル−アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−トリメチルアンモニウム シンナメート クロライド;4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−キシロシド;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、L−アラニン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;L−プロリン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;L−チロシン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;L−ロイシン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;L−フェニルアラニン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;7−グルタリル−フェニルアラニン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、N−t−BOC−Ile−Glu−Gly−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;N−t−BOC−Leu−Ser−Thr−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;N−CBZ−Phe−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;Pro−Phe−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;N−t−BOC−Val−Pro−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;N−グルタリル−Gly−Arg 7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、フルオレセイン ジアセテート、フルオレセイン ジ(ベータ−D−ガラクト−ピラノシド)、フルオレセイン ジラウレート、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 上記酵素が、アルファ−D−グルコシダーゼ、キモトリプシン、または脂肪酸エステラーゼを含み、上記酵素基質が、4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−D−グルコシド、7−グルタリルフェニルアラニン−7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン、もしくは4−メチルアンベリフェリル ヘプタノエートを含むか;
上記酵素が、アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシダーゼを含み;かつ上記酵素基質が、4−メチルアンベリフェリル−アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシドを含むか;
上記酵素が、ベータ−D−グルコシダーゼを含み;かつ上記酵素基質が、4−メチルアンベリフェリル−ベータ−D−グルコシドを含むか;
上記酵素が、アルファ−D−グルコシダーゼを含み、かつ上記酵素基質が、p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−グルコピラノシドを含むか;
上記酵素が、アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシダーゼを含み、かつ上記酵素基質が、p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−L−アラビノフラノシドを含むか;
上記酵素が、ベータ−D−グルコシダーゼを含み、かつ上記酵素基質が、p−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−D−グルコピラノシドを含むか;
上記酵素が、β−ガラクトシダーゼを含み、かつ上記酵素基質が、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−β−D−ガラクトピラノシドを含むか;または
上記酵素が、β−ガラクトシダーゼを含み、かつ上記酵素基質が、4−メチルアンベリフェロン−β−D−ガラクトピラノシドを含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 上記酵素基質が、1つ以上の5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル誘導体;1つ以上のニトロフェニル誘導体;1つ以上のインドキシル誘導体;1つ以上のおよびフェノールフタレイン誘導体;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、5−ブロモ−6−クロロ−3−インドリル アセテート、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル アセテート、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドキシル−ベータ−D−ガラクトピラノシド、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−1,3−ジアセテート、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−ベータ−D−フコピラノシド、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−ベータ−D−グルコピラノシド、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−ベータ−D−グルクロン酸、5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル サルフェート、もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、1つ以上のp−ニトロフェノール誘導体;1つ以上のo−ニトロフェノール誘導体;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;
上記酵素基質が、ジエチル−p−ニトロフェノール ホスフェート;ジ−p−ニトロフェニル ホスフェート;p−ニトロフェニル−2−アセトアミド−2−デオキシ−3−O−ベータ−ガラクトピラノシル−ベータ−グルコ ピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル−2−アセトアミド−2−デオキシ−ベータ−グルコピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル−アセテート;p−ニトロフェニル−N−アセチル−ベータ−D−グルコサミニド;p−ニトロフェニルベータ−D−N,N’−ジアセチルキトビオシド;p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−グルコピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−マルトシド;p−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−マルトシド;p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−マンノピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−マンノピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル ミリステート;p−ニトロフェニル パルミテート;p−ニトロフェニル ホスフェート;ビス(p−ニトロフェニル)ホスフェート;トリス(p−ニトロフェニル)ホスフェート;p−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−グルコピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−グルクロニド;アルファ−p−ニトロフェニルグリセリン;p−ニトロフェニル−アルファ−ラムノピラノシド;p−ニトロフェニル ステアレート;p−ニトロフェニル サルフェート;p−ニトロフェニル−2,3,4,6−テトラ−O−アセチル−ベータ−グルコサミニド;p−ニトロフェニル チミジン モノホスフェート;p−ニトロフェニル−2,3,4−トリ−O−アセチル−ベータ−グルクロン酸メチルエステル;p−ニトロフェニル バレレート;もしくはこれらの2つ以上の混合物を含むか;または
上記酵素基質が、o−ニトロフェニル アセテート;o−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−グルコシド;o−ニトロフェニル−ベータ−D−グルコピラノシド;ニトロフェニル−アルファ−ガラクトピラノシド;ニトロフェニル−ベータ−ガラクトピラノシド;ニトロフェニル ブチレート;ニトロフェニル カプレート;ニトロフェニル カプロエート;ニトロフェニル カプリレート;ニトロフェニル ラウレート;ニトロフェニル プロピオネート;インドキシル−アセテート;インドキシル ベータ−D−グルコシド;3−インドキシル サルフェート;3−インドキシル ホスフェート;フェノールフタレイン ジブチレート;フェノールフタレイン ジホスフェート;フェノールフタレイン ジスルフェート;フェノールフタレイン グルクロン酸;フェノールフタレイン モノ−ベータ−グルクロン酸;フェノールフタレイン モノ−ベータ−グルクロン酸;およびフェノールフタレイン モノ−ホスフェート;1−ジアゾ−4−ベンゾイルアミノ−2;5−ジエトキシベンゼン;1−ジアゾ−4−ベンゾイルアミノ−2;5−ジエトキシベンゼン;p−ジアゾ−2,5−ジエトキシ−N−ベンゾイルアラニン;4−クロロ−2−メチルベンゼン ジアゾニウム クロライド;o−アミノアゾトルエン ジアゾニウム塩;1−ナフチル−N−アセチル−ベータ−D−グルコサミニド;2−ナフチルホスフェート;2−ナフチル−ブチレート;2−ナフチル−カプリレート;2−ナフチル−ミリステート;L−ロイシル−2−ナフチルアミド;L−バリル−2−ナフチルアミド;L−シスチル−2−ナフチルアミド;N−ベンゾイル−DL−アルギニン−2−ナフチルアミド;N−グルタリル−フェニルアラニン 2−ナフチル−アミン;2−ナフチル−ホスフェート;6−Br−2−ナフチル−アルファ−D−ガラクト−ピラノシド;2−ナフチル−ベータ−D−ガラクト−ピラノシド;2−ナフチル−2−D−グルコピラノシド;6−ブロモ−2−ナフトール−ベータ−D−グルコピラノシド;6−ブロモ−2−ナフチル−2−D−マンノピラノシド;2−ナフチル−アルファ−L−フコピラノシド;ナフチル−AS−BI−ホスフェート;ナフチル−AS−BI−ベータ−D−グルクロニド;またはこれらの2つ以上の組み合わせを含む、
請求項11に記載の方法。 - 滅菌の有効性を決定する方法であって、
滅菌されるべき少なくとも1つの物品および滅菌インジケーターを、滅菌するための滅菌媒体にさらすこと;ならびに
上記滅菌が有効であるか否かを決定することを包含しており、
上記滅菌インジケーターは、第1の表面および第2の表面を有している基材と、第1の部分および第2の部分を有している支持部と、上記基材によって支持されている生物学的指示薬を備えており、
上記基材は、上記支持部の上記第1の部分を被覆し、上記基材の上記第2の表面は、上記支持部の上記第1の部分に付着しており、
上記支持部の上記第1の部分はある長さを有しており、上記支持部の上記第2の部分はある長さを有しており、上記支持部の上記第2の部分の長さの、上記支持部の上記第1の部分の長さに対する割合は2:1〜12:1の範囲にあり、上記支持部の上記第2の部分は、上記生物学的指示薬を接触させることなく上記滅菌インジケーターを操作することを可能にするための取っ手として機能するために十分な大きさであり、上記基材は1〜80mm2の範囲における表面積を有しており、
上記生物学的指示薬は少なくとも1つの酵素を含んでおり、
上記決定することは、滅菌に続いて、0.1〜1.5mlの範囲にある容積のインキュベーション媒体において上記生物学的指示薬を少なくとも1つの酵素基質と接触させて、上記滅菌が有効であるか否かを決定することであり、上記酵素基質は、上記酵素によって作用されるときに酵素修飾産物を生成する物質を含んでおり、上記滅菌が有効ではないときに酵素修飾産物の検出可能な量を生成するために必要な時間が0.1〜12時間である方法。
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US11/533,487 US8043845B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2006-09-20 | Sterilization indicator |
PCT/US2007/078843 WO2008082728A2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2007-09-19 | Sterilization indicator |
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CN101541944A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
CN101541944B (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
BRPI0716908A2 (pt) | 2014-07-01 |
WO2008082728A8 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
MX2009002991A (es) | 2009-06-23 |
TW200821388A (en) | 2008-05-16 |
US8043845B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
US20100248296A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
US8283133B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
CA2665246A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
EP2084294A2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
JP2010504101A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
US20090117603A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US8173389B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
US20120196355A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
WO2008082728A3 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
US8071362B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
US20080070272A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
AU2007340263B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
WO2008082728A2 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
AU2007340263A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
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