JP4822857B2 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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Description
H.Irie et.al, IEDM Tech. Dig. pp.225-228, 2004 T.Ghani et. al., IEDM Tech. Dig. 978-980, 2003
(1)隣接した領域に、別々に異なる半導体材料を、基板Siの格子間隔を基準として、選択的にそれぞれ結晶成長させる必要が生じ、製造工程の複雑化、製造単価の上昇を招くことになる。
図1(a)に平面図として示すように、正方形の半導体領域11の各々の辺方向に沿って、せん断応力12−1,12−2,12−3,12−4を付与した場合を考える。即ち、半導体領域11の対向するある一対の対角(例えば、右上及び左下の角)の一方の隅角(第1の対角)A1に隣接する2辺に対し、各々の辺に沿って第1の隅角A1に向かう方向成分を含むせん断応力12−1,12−2が付与される。即ち、各々の辺に沿った変位を、その変位ベクトルを第1の隅角A1と第2の隅角A2を結ぶ第1の対角線上に射影したときに、前記第2の隅角A2から第1の隅角A1に向かうような方向を持つように与える。また、他方の隅角(第2の対角)A2に隣接する2辺に対し、各々の辺に沿って第2の隅角A2に向かう方向成分を含むせん断応力12−3,12−4が付与されている。即ち、各々の辺に沿った変位を、その変位ベクトルを第1の隅角A1と第2の隅角A2を結ぶ第1の対角線上に射影したときに、前記第1の隅角A1から第2の隅角A2に向かうような方向を持つように与える。このとき、半導体領域11は、変形して図中の破線13に示すような形状をとることになる。但し、13は変形の様子を分かり易く示すために、変形の度合い強調してある。
図3〜図5は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係わる半導体装置の製造工程を示す平面図と、矢印で示す切断面での断面図である。本実施形態は、隣接しても相殺することがない、MOSFETの極性に依存した応力を、接合リークを誘起することなく、効果的にチャネル部分に発生させる、簡便な超高速微細C−MOSFET回路の製造方法を具現する。
図7〜図11は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係わる半導体装置の製造工程を示す平面図である。本実施形態は、機械的応力の方向依存性が異なる複数の半導体領域を半導体基板上に形成し、隣接しても相殺することがない、MOSFETの極性に依存した応力を、接合リークを誘起することなく、効果的にチャネル部分に発生させる、簡便な超高速微細C−MOSFET回路の製造方法を具現する。
図13〜図17は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係わる半導体装置を説明するためのもので、図13は菱形平行四辺形半導体領域に、せん断応力を作用させたときに発生する圧縮及び引っ張り応力を説明する平面図、図14は菱形平行四辺形半導体領域にせん断応力を作用させたときに発生する圧縮及び引っ張り応力を説明する平面図、図15〜図17は製造工程を示す平面図である。
引っ張り応力:T=Scot(π/4+θ/2) [N/m2 ] …(1)
圧縮応力: C=Stan(π/4+θ/2) [N/m2 ] …(2)
と表せる。
11a,11c…菱形平行四辺形半導体領域
11b…正方形半導体領域
12−1,〜,12−4,302−1,〜,302−4…せん断応力
14…半導体領域内の微小矩形面積要素
16−1,16−2…圧縮応力
17−1,17−2…引っ張り応力
21…p−MOSFET
22…n−MOSFET
101…シリコン基板(半導体基板)
102,202…溝
103…絶縁膜
104,204,304…シリコン窒化膜
105,205…溝の正対する一対の対角部
106,206,306…アモルファスSiGe層
107,207,307…溝のもう一対の対角部
108,208,308…酸化SiGe層
111,211,311…p−MOSFET素子領域
112,212,312…n−MOSFET素子領域
120,220,320…埋め込み素子分離領域を形成するシリコン酸化膜
130…ゲート絶縁膜
140〜142,240〜242,340〜342…ポリシリコンゲート電極
150a,150b…p−MOSFETのソース・ドレイン拡散層領域
160〜163,171〜174,181〜185,260〜263,271〜274,281〜285,360〜363…コンタクトホール
111,211,311…p−MOSFET素子領域
112,212,312…n−MOSFET素子領域
140〜142,240〜242…ポリシリコンゲート電極
201,301…素子形成領域要素
Claims (19)
- 表面内の第1の方向に圧縮応力を有し、該表面内の第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向に引っ張り応力を有する半導体領域と、
前記半導体領域上に形成され、前記第1の方向に沿って対向配置されたソース・ドレイン領域を有する第1導電型の電界効果型トランジスタと、
前記半導体領域上に形成され、前記第2の方向に沿って対向配置されたソース・ドレイン領域を有する第2導電型の電界効果型トランジスタと、
を具備したことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 表面内の第1の方向に圧縮応力を有し該表面内の第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向に引っ張り応力を有する第1の半導体領域と、前記第1の方向に引っ張り応力を有し前記第2の方向に圧縮応力を有する第2の半導体領域と、を含む半導体基板と、
前記第1及び第2の半導体領域内にそれぞれ形成され、圧縮応力方向に沿って対向配置されたソース・ドレイン領域を有する第1導電型の電界効果型トランジスタと、
前記第1及び第2の半導体領域内にそれぞれ形成され、引っ張り応力方向に沿って対向配置されたソース・ドレイン領域を有する第2導電型の電界効果型トランジスタと、
を具備したことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の半導体領域の形状は、矩形又は平行四辺形であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の半導体領域は同一形状であり、複数の第1及び第2の半導体領域が交互に隣接して配置されていることを特徴とする請求項3記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1又は第2導電型の電界効果型トランジスタの少なくとも一部が、前記第1及び第2の半導体領域の両方に延在して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2〜4の何れかに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体領域の周囲に溝が形成され、該溝内に前記半導体領域の半導体よりも弾性率の高い第1の物質が埋め込み形成され、前記溝内の前記半導体領域の4つの角部において第1の物質が除去され、該4つの角部のうち対向する2つの角部で前記第1の物質を除去した部分に、化学変化により体積変化を生じる第2物質が埋め込み形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1の物質はシリコン窒化膜であり、前記第2の物質はシリコン、又はシリコンとゲルマニウムの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第2の物質が埋め込み形成された2つの角部とは異なる別の2つの角部に、前記第2の物質とは異なる体積変化を伴う化学変化を起こす第3の物質が埋め込み形成されていることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記半導体領域はSiであり、第1導電型はpチャネル、第2導電型はnチャネルであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 矩形又は平行四辺形の形状を有する半導体領域の対向する一対の第1及び第2の辺に沿って、各々の辺で反対方向の応力を与え、前記半導体領域の対向するもう一対の第3及び第4の辺に対し、隣接した第1及び第3の辺の成す内角を等分する線分によって前記1の辺に与えた応力を鏡像反転させた応力を前記第3の辺に与え、隣接した第2及び第4の辺の成す内角を等分する線分によって前記第2の辺に与えた応力を鏡像反転させた応力を前記第4の辺に与える工程と、
前記半導体領域の一つの角部に隣接した2辺の成す内角を等分する第1の方向に沿ってソース・ドレイン領域を対向配置することにより第1導電型の電界効果型トランジスタを形成し、且つ前記半導体領域の別の角部に隣接した2辺の成す内角を等分する前記第1の方向とは異なる第2の方向に沿ってソース・ドレイン領域を対向配置することにより第2導電型の電界効果型トランジスタを形成する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 矩形又は平行四辺形の形状を有する半導体領域の、対向する一対の対角を構成する第1及び第2の隅角において、前記第1の隅角に隣接する2辺に対しては、各々の辺に沿った応力を、該応力のベクトルを前記第1の隅角と第2の隅角を結ぶ第1の対角線上に射影したときに、前記第2の隅角から第1の隅角に向かうような方向を持つように与え、且つ、前記第2の隅角に隣接する2辺に対しては、各々の辺に沿った応力を、該応力のベクトルを前記第1の隅角と第2の隅角を結ぶ第1の対角線上に射影したときに、前記第1の隅角から第2の隅角に向かうような方向を持つように与える工程と、
前記半導体領域の第一の対角線方向に沿ってソース・ドレイン領域を対向配置することにより第1導電型の電界効果型トランジスタを形成し、他方の対角線方向に沿ってソース・ドレイン領域を対向配置することにより第2導電型の電界効果型トランジスタを形成する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記半導体領域は、少なくとも一辺が他の半導体領域の一辺と隣接するように半導体基板上に配置されており、隣接した2つの半導体領域の境界線に沿って同じ方向の応力を与えることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記半導体領域に応力を与える工程として、
前記半導体領域の周囲に溝を形成し、該溝内に前記半導体領域の半導体よりも弾性率の高い第1の物質を埋め込み形成し、次いで前記半導体領域の一対の対角部で、前記第1の物質を除去した後に、該除去した部分に化学変化により体積変化を伴う第2の物質を埋め込み形成し、且つ前記半導体領域のもう一対の対角部で前記第1の物質を除去し、次いで前記第2の物質に選択的に体積変化を伴う化学変化を生じさせることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の物質がシリコン窒化膜であることを特徴とする請求項13記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の物質がシリコンとゲルマニウムの混合物であり、前記化学反応が熱酸化であることを特徴とする請求項13又は14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の物質がシリコンであり、前記化学反応がシリコンと金属物質の化合反応であることを特徴とする請求項13又は14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1の物質が除去された半導体領域のもう一対の対角部に、前記第2の物質とは異なる体積変化を伴う化学変化を起こす第3の物質をさらに埋め込むことを特徴とする請求項13〜16の何れかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 複数の半導体領域に延在したゲート電極を形成する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項12記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1及び第2の半導体領域は、平面状であることを特徴とする請求項2〜5の何れかに記載の半導体装置。
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