JP4781274B2 - ガス化 - Google Patents
ガス化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4781274B2 JP4781274B2 JP2006538924A JP2006538924A JP4781274B2 JP 4781274 B2 JP4781274 B2 JP 4781274B2 JP 2006538924 A JP2006538924 A JP 2006538924A JP 2006538924 A JP2006538924 A JP 2006538924A JP 4781274 B2 JP4781274 B2 JP 4781274B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- oxidation zone
- gasifier
- fuel
- oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1693—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with storage facilities for intermediate, feed and/or product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Description
廃棄物の処理にガス化装置を使用するメリットは、焼却や埋め立てのような従来の方法に関連する環境問題に迫られて、当該方法による破棄物処理コストが増大することによって一段と大きくなっている。
これらの問題を受けて、従来のガス化装置は、燃料が完全にガス化するまで作動させて、その後、高炭素灰と共に高温ガス化領域で形成されるスラグとクリンカを手動で除去するために停止させる。
0.1〜300μmの範囲の第1のポア。例えば小さいポアのサイズは0.1〜0.5μmの範囲で、大きいポアのサイズは0.5〜300μmの範囲である。
300〜10,000μmの範囲の凝結ポア。凝結ポアのサイズは300〜1000μmの範囲であるが好ましい。
図1は、本発明によるガス化装置を示す概略図である。
図2は、本発明による図1のガス化装置を備えたガス化システムを示す概略図である。
炭化物の形成
0.17C6H10C5 → C+0.85H2 △H300k=−80kJ/gモル
水性ガスの移動
CO+H2O → CO2+H2 △H300k=−33kJ/gモル
メタンの形成
CO+3H2 → CH4+H2 △H300k=−205kJ/gモル
CO2+4H2 → CH4+2H2O △H300k=−192kJ/gモル
2CO+2H2 ←→ CH4+CO2 △H298K=−247.3kJ/gモル
以下の反応は、酸化ゾーン8で起こる典型的な反応である:
部分酸化
C+1/2O2 → CO △H298K=−268kJ/gモル
CO+1/2O2 → CO2 △H298K=−285.0kJ/gモル
H2+1/2O2 → H2O △H298K=−241.8kJ/gモル
以下の反応は、還元ゾーン5で起こる典型的な反応である:
メタンの形成
C+2H2 → CH4 △H298K=−74.9kJ/モル
ブドワー反応
C+CO2 → 2CO △H298K=−172.5kJ/モル
水性ガス反応
CO2+H2 ←→ CO+H2O △H298K=−41.2kJ/モル
C+H2O ←→ CO+H2 △H298K=−131.3kJ/モル
1.起動
起動段階は、エンジン用のガスの質が安定して、そのまま続く定常状態に至るまで必要な操作をすべて含む。加重前の(preweighed)大量のバイオマス燃料を所定のレベルまでホッパに充填する。次いで、空気ファンと水スクラバ循環ポンプのスイッチを入れる。固形燃料点火装置を用いて燃料を火格子の上で発火させる。
測定データは、燃料流速、ガス流速、ガス組成、温度および圧力である。吸気(inlet air)、乾燥ゾーン、熱分解ゾーン、スロートおよびスクラバ出口の温度を15秒毎にアナログデジタル変換器で記録した。また、圧力低下もガス化装置と水スクラバ出口で測定した。生成ガス流速を吸引ファンの後ろに配置したガス流速メータで測定した。生成ガス中のタールと凝縮物(condensate)の量をガス化装置と水スクラバ出口で採取したガスのサンプルから測定した。
フィルタとして用いるクリーンで乾燥した木材チップと炭を箱フィルタ内の各トレイ中に置く。ガス流速メータを必要な流速に調節する。空気ファンのスイッチを入れた後で、水タンク側の循環ポンプ(水スクラバポンプ)のスイッチを入れる。次いで、生成ガスを点火するための点火用ライターを点火する。生成ガス流速を吸引ファンの後ろに配置したガス流速メータで測定した。
吸引効果を得るために循環ファン(ガスブースタファン)を用いる。この循環ファンは、スクラバと点火用バーナで点火した後に燃え上がるスタックを通じて生成ガスをガス化装置の外に引き出すようにガス化装置に結合したエンジンによって動かされる。熱電温度計で6つの別の箇所の温度を連続して測定し、そのデータをコンピュータに記録した。
U字管装置(apparatus)をタールと凝縮物を収集し、かつガス分析用のガスサンプルを浄化するために用いた。U字管装置は、基本的にプラスチックパイプに繋がれた5mm直径でステンレス鋼のサンプリングプローブからなる。また、タールと水分をトラップする(trap)ために2個のパイレックス(登録商標)「U」管を順次に備えている。第1のトラップは比較的小径の球形のガラス玉を有し、湿った生成ガスに大きな表面積を与えるのに対し、第2のトラップは2個のグラスウールの間にシリカゲルを有している。真空ポンプ(AEI型BS2406,025hp)をサンプリング管を通じてガスを引き込むのに用いた。ロタメータ(MFGフィッシャー,10 1/分)をU字管と真空ポンプの間に置いた。生成ガスのタール含有量を求めるために、一定のガス流速でガスが管を通って流れる時間を観察した。
停止処置には、ガス化装置を安全に密閉するための全行為が含まれる。可燃性ガスが生成されなくなるまでオフガスバーナ(off gas burner)が第2の天然ガスバーナを使用し続けた状態で、ボイラのコンピュータ、水スクラバ、ガス化空気ノズル、循環ファンおよび排気ファンは順番に停止する。
物質収支を完全にするために、汚染除去(cleanup)処置には、タール、炭化物、灰および凝縮物を収集するのに必要な全措置が含まれる。リアクタを冷却した後で、灰と炭化物を灰箱(ash chamber)から収集することによってそれらの量を測定した。最後に、ガス化装置の上部プレートを開けて、未利用のサトウキビの絞りかすを全て注意深く除去し、モニターした。消費された全てのサトウキビの絞りかすをガス化装置の全運転時間で割ることによって、平均的な燃料の供給量(feed rate)を算出した。
リアクタを通じて連続流を実現し、下流のエネルギ変換処理用の信頼性のある生成ガス組成とカロリー値を得るために、バイオマス燃料のコンシステンシー(consistency)がガス化には重要である。さらに、バイオマス燃料の高密度化(densification)がリアクタのサイズを小さくすると共に、高密度化された燃料の形状と大きさがガスと燃料流速の変動と、得られる生成物の品質の変動を低減する。木材チップのような既に密度の高いバイオマス燃料については、さらに高密度化することが不可欠ではないが、そのようにすることが望ましい。しかしながら、都市ゴミのような体積のバラツキが大きく、かさ密度が低い燃料については、間違いなく必然である。従って都市ゴミは、金属とガラスを除去した後に熱処理してセルロースが豊富な粉末(cellulose rich powder)にするか、あるいは細かく切った後でブリケット化して燃料を高密度化する。
ガス化される材料が精油所の含油スラッジなどの液体の場合には、乾燥させて固形物にするか、あるいはソリッドキャリア(solid carrier)、好ましくはバイオマスと一緒に混合することができる。使用するバイオマスなどは、多量のカルシウムを含む骨粉である。従って硫酸カルシウムを形成することによって油から硫黄を除去するのが有用である。
ヘリウムをキャリアガスとして用いてガスサンプルを分析するために、ガスクロマトグラフ(島津GC−8A)を使用した。ガスクロマトグラフ(GC)は、デュアルカラム(クロモソープ(chromosorp)101と分子ふるい)および熱伝導度検出器を備えている。各カラムのガスの滞留時間と質に影響を与えるパラメータを表4.1に記載した。同時に、生成した湿性ガス中のタールと凝縮物の量を求めるために、ガスをU字管装置に通した。質量とエネルギ収支を正確に算出するために、テスト装置近傍の空気の湿度を実験の間中適宜測定した。
表2Aおよび表2Bに示されているように、全ての燃料が第1の酸化ゾーンのスロート温度を約1000℃になるように操作により良好な温度制御がなされた。生成ガスの特性は素晴らしく、全てのケースでその後の燃焼にとって良好な燃料組成が得られた。特に、全ての燃料が燃焼エンジンでの燃焼に必要最低限の4メガジュール/m3を越える6メガジュール/m3であるという特徴があった。
油相と水相の組成を以下に示す:
油相:
スチレンモノマー:(78−X−Y−Z)%
2−ビニルピリジンモノマー:X%
2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートモノマー:Y%
油相溶解重合開始剤(Oil phase soluble initiator):Z%
ジビニルベンゼン(架橋剤):8%
スルビタンモノ−モノオレエート(スパン80非イオン性界面活性剤):14%
水相:Z%の過硫酸カリウム含有水
水相の好ましい相体積(phase volume)は80〜95%で、より好ましくは90〜95%である。
VA=時間tDの間に付加された水相の量(volume)
VO=バッチミキサー中に入れられた油相の量(volume)
D1=羽根車の直径
D0=バッチミキサの直径
Ω=回転速度
である場合、
注入率 RD=VA/tD
注入中の変形率 RE=VA/(tDV0)
混合率 RM=D1Ω/D0
tT=tD+tH
3 微細孔触媒ゾーン(有孔性触媒反応ジャケット)
4 スロート 5 還元ゾーン
6 燃料貯蔵・乾燥ゾーン 7 熱分解ゾーン
8 酸化ゾーン 9 吸気
10 角度 11 固形燃料
12 空気分配ノズル(吸気ノズル)
13 生成ガス 14 酸化ゾーン
15 空気(吸気、吸気弁) 16 角度
17 空気分配ノズル(空気ノズル、吸気ノズル)
18 渦排出管
19 排出機構(スクリューコンベヤオーガ)
20 回転弁 21 滑りゲート弁(灰排出弁)
22 燃料弁 23 環状ダクト
24 空気ノズル群 25 制御弁、吸気
26 環状ダクト
Claims (23)
- a)バイオマス、化石燃料、廃棄物又はこれらの組み合わせを組み込んだ固形燃料(11)を供給する燃料弁(22)を有し、供給された固形燃料(11)を酸化する第1の酸化ゾーン(8)と、
b)前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)の下部に配置される第1のスロート(2)と、
c)該第1のスロート(2)の下部に配置される還元ゾーン(5)と、
d)該還元ゾーン(5)の下部に配置される固形燃料(11)から生成した残留炭化物を酸化する第2の酸化ゾーン(14)と、
e)第2の酸化ゾーン(14)の下部に配置される第2のスロート(4)と、
f)還元ゾーン(5)を囲むシリンダに配置され、前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)と前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)で生成した可燃性排出物を微細孔触媒反応ゾーン(3)を経由して外部に排出する排出管(18)
を配置したことを特徴とする前記固体燃料をガス化するガス化装置。 - 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)の上流に熱分解ゾーン(7)と、該熱分解ゾーン(7)の上流に燃料貯蔵・乾燥ゾーン(6)をさらに備えた請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)と第2の酸化ゾーン(14)にそれぞれ空気を供給するための空気分配ノズル(12)と空気分配ノズル(17)をさらに備えており、該空気分配ノズル(12)が前記第1のスロート(2)と前記還元ゾーン(5)の上半分に設けられ、空気分配ノズル(17)が前記第2のスロート(4)に設けられる請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)に空気を供給するために該第1の酸化ゾーン(8)の上流中央部に空気ノズル群(24)をさらに備えた請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)の下に火格子のない排出機構(19)をさらに備えた請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記火格子のない排出機構(19)がスクリューコンベヤオーガを備えた請求項5に記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第1スロート(2)および/または第2のスロート(4)が鉛直方向に対して10〜40°までの間の角度(10,16)で傾斜している請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第1のスロート(2)および第2のスロート(4)が互いに鉛直軸を中心にして対称的に配置された請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 大気圧以下の圧力に維持できるように前記排出管(18)を二重の渦排出管とする請求項1記載のガス化装置。
- 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)および第2の酸化ゾーン(14)の断面積が前記燃料貯蔵・乾燥ゾーン(6)と熱分解ゾーン(7)の断面積よりも小さい請求項2記載のガス化装置。
- 前記還元ゾーン(5)の断面積が前記第1と第2の酸化ゾーン(8,14)の断面積よりも小さい請求項10に記載のガス化装置。
- 1)炭化物を生成するために前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)でバイオマス、化石燃料、廃棄物又はこれらの組み合わせを組み込んだ固形燃料(11)を部分的に酸化し、
2)灰を形成するために還元ゾーン(5)で炭化物を還元し、
3)さらに前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)で灰中の残留炭化物を酸化し、
4)前記還元ゾーン(5)で得られた炭化物の還元物と前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)で得られた残留炭化物の酸化物を微細孔触媒ゾーン(3)を通して前記排出管(18)によって上記ステップ1)〜3)で生成した可燃性排出物を採取し、
5)前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)では生成ガスが燃料流れと同じ方向に流れ、前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)では生成ガスが燃料流れとは反対の方向に流れる請求項1記載のガス化装置を用いて可燃性排出物を生成するために前記固形燃料(11)をガス化する方法。 - 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)は、850℃より高い温度で運転する請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)の温度が、請求項1記載のガス化装置の第1のスロート(2)の外周部に設けられた吸気部(9)を調整することによって制御される請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記還元ゾーン(5)は、600〜900℃までの間の温度で運転する請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記第2の酸化ゾーン(14)は、700〜800℃までの間の温度で運転する請求項12記載の方法。
- 乾燥させ、かつ重力によって前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)、次いで前記還元ゾーン(5)に入る炭化物を形成するために熱分解ゾーン(7)で燃料を熱分解することを含む請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解ゾーン(7)の温度が400〜600℃であり、前記乾燥ゾーン(8)の温度が100℃程度である請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解ゾーン(7)で得られる熱分解ガスに残存するタールが前記第1の酸化ゾーン(8)でクラックされる請求項17記載の方法。
- 適当な可燃性キャリアの粒子内部と粒子間のポア内に吸収される廃油や石油スラッジを含むバイオマスをガス化する請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記可燃性キャリアは内部空隙率が高く、好ましくは非常に高い粒子間空隙率をもたらすために繊維形状である請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記廃油や石油スラッジを含むバイオマスは前記可燃性キャリアと混合され、かつその混合燃料を高密度化するためにブリケット化される請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記可燃性キャリアは、おが屑、食肉処理場からの骨粉の廃棄物、パン/食べ物のゴミ、都市ゴミ、乾燥した汚泥スラッジ、刻んだ藁、菜種かす、サトウキビの絞りかすから選択される請求項20記載の方法。
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PCT/GB2004/004651 WO2005047435A2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-11-03 | Catalytic gasification |
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JP2002516381A (ja) * | 1998-05-28 | 2002-06-04 | デダール リミテッド | 非半径方向羽口を有するガス化装置 |
WO2001051591A1 (de) * | 2000-01-10 | 2001-07-19 | Fuerst Adrian | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von brenngasen |
JP2002285172A (ja) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-03 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | 固形バイオマス燃料のガス化方法及び装置 |
JP2003238972A (ja) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-27 | Shimane Denko Kk | 木質系バイオマスガス製造装置 |
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ZA200604498B (en) | 2008-12-31 |
AU2009251077B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
US8486168B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
BRPI0416197B1 (pt) | 2014-12-09 |
AU2004288845A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
EA200600910A1 (ru) | 2006-12-29 |
AU2009251077A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US20060265954A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
JP2011168790A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
WO2005047435A3 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
EA009349B1 (ru) | 2007-12-28 |
GB0325668D0 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
ES2466165T3 (es) | 2014-06-09 |
CN1954055A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
EP1687390B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
US20120311930A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
CN103468319B (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
WO2005047435A2 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
EP1687390A2 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
JP5560483B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
HK1090387A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 |
US8252072B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 |
PL1687390T3 (pl) | 2013-12-31 |
JP2007510789A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
CN103468319A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
DK1687390T3 (da) | 2014-07-14 |
BRPI0416197A (pt) | 2007-01-16 |
AU2004288845B2 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
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