JP4777613B2 - 磁気トンネル接合を有する磁気装置、メモリアレイ、及びこれらを用いた読み出し/書き込み方法 - Google Patents
磁気トンネル接合を有する磁気装置、メモリアレイ、及びこれらを用いた読み出し/書き込み方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 357
- 230000005290 antiferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020708 Co—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020707 Co—Pt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910005335 FePt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910019041 PtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002885 antiferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101100450272 Caenorhabditis elegans hcf-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018979 CoPt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015136 FeMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015187 FePd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003289 NiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 PdPtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3254—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the spacer being semiconducting or insulating, e.g. for spin tunnel junction [STJ]
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Description
(1)特許文献1(Gallagherら)
(2)非特許文献1
1)接合の自由層の磁化の反転は外部磁場の影響の下で引き起こされ、かつ反転磁場は統計的に分布するので、単に上部又は下部導電ラインに沿って生み出される磁場の影響によってある隣接した接合を付随的に反転させることは不可能ではない。高密度メモリに対しては、記憶素子のサイズは確実にサブミクロンであるので、アドレッシングエラーの数が上昇する。
2)記憶素子のサイズの減少により個々の反転磁場の値が増加し;それゆえに記憶素子を書き込むために高電流を必要とし、このため電力消費が増加しがちである。
3)書き込みモードは90°の2つの電流ラインを使用するため、集積密度が制限される。
−基準層を形成するとともに固定方向の磁化を有する第1磁気層と、
−記憶層を形成するとともに可変方向の磁化を有する第2磁気層と、
−前記第1層を前記第2層から分離するとともに、半導性又は電気絶縁性の第3層と、を含む磁気装置において、
前記装置は、前記記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度が、前記基準層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも低く、かつ前記装置はさらに、
−前記磁気トンネル接合を通じて電流を流すよう設けられた、前記記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも高い温度まで前記記憶層を加熱する手段と、
−前記記憶層に、前記基準層の配向を変えることなく、前記基準層の磁化に対して前記記憶層の磁化の向きを調整することのできる磁場を印加する手段と、
を含む、磁気トンネル接合を備えた磁気装置に関する。
−本発明に係る磁気装置と、
−前記磁気装置と直列に配置された電流切換手段と、を含み、
前記磁気装置は、前記アドレッシング行に連結され、各切換手段は、前記アドレッシング列に連結されていることを特徴とするメモリに関する。
−前記記憶層(20a,38,56,86,98,112)を、該記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも高い温度まで加熱する段階と、
−前記記憶層を冷却している間、前記記憶層に、前記基準層の配向を変えることなく、前記基準層(20c,36,54,82,94,114)の磁化に対して該記憶層の磁化の向きを調整することのできる磁場を印加する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法に関する。
−前記磁気トンネル接合(18,52a,52b,52c,52d,74)の抵抗値を決定し、
−前記抵抗値から、前記記憶層の磁化の配向を推定する、
方法に関する。
HcF1(Tmax)<He<HcF2(Tmax)
ここでHeは通常約20Oeと60Oeとの間である、となるように、大きさ(amplitude)Heの磁場が、記憶層F1の磁化の向きを調整することを望む方向に印加される。
この発明は、既知の技術よりもずっと優れた記憶素子の選択を可能にする。実際、記憶素子が、図2に見られるように、既知のMRAMのアーキテクチャを表す正方形アレイに構成されると仮定する。
−書き込みの間、磁気トンネル接合2に印加する磁場Hxを生成するのに役立ち、かつまた読み出しの間、前記接合に対する電気接点として役立つ上部導電ライン10と、
−書き込みの瞬間に、磁場Hyを生成するのにのみ役立つ下部導電ライン12と、
−(飽和した)通過位置(passing posiiton)又は(ブロックされた)閉鎖位置(closed position)にするためにトランジスタゲート4上で動作する制御ライン14と、
に区別される。
書き込みのために生成すべき磁場が、従来技術におけるよりもずっと弱いという事実を仮定すれば、導電ラインに送る磁場インパルスの強度は、著しく減少する。
この発明は、記憶層に対して、周囲温度で高いピンニングエネルギーを有する材料を使用することを可能にする。従来技術では、記憶層のピンニングが高くなればなるほど、記憶層の磁化をスイッチするためにますますエネルギーを供給する必要があるので、このことは可能ではない。
実際、この場合には、局所磁場を生成するためにラインのレベル(level of line)を加える必要はない。一連の記憶素子の製造は単純化されており、このためより高い集積密度を達成することが可能である。
R=Rpar(1+ΔR/Rpar)[1−cos(θs−θp)/2]
の法則に従って変化する。ここでθs及びθpはそれぞれ、接合の平面内における、記憶層及びピン止めされた層、すなわち基準層の磁化それぞれを特徴づける角度を表す。
18,52a,52b,52c,52d,74 磁気トンネル接合
20a,38,56,86,98,112 第2磁気層
20b,48,58,84,102,123 第3層
20c,36,54,82,94,114 第1磁気層
22〜24,62〜60a〜60b〜60c〜60d,76〜78,124〜126 記憶層を加熱する手段
22,26,64,66,68,108,116,118 磁場を印加する手段
22 アドレッシング行
28 アドレッシング列
24 電流切換手段
20a,38,56,86,98,112 記憶層
20c,36,54,82,94,114 基準層
34,72,110,120 磁場
44 Coの層
46 Pt又はPdの層
50,80,96 第1反強磁性層
100 第2反強磁性層
Claims (18)
- 磁気トンネル接合(74)を有する磁気装置(16)であって、
−基準層を形成するとともに固定方向の磁化を有する第1磁気層(82,114)と、
−記憶層を形成するとともに可変方向の磁化を有する第2磁気層(86,112)と、
−前記第1層を前記第2層から分離するとともに半導性又は電気絶縁性である第3層(84,123)と、を含む磁気装置において、
該装置は、前記記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度が、前記基準層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも低く、かつ前記装置はさらに、
−前記磁気トンネル接合を通じて電子を流すよう設けられた手段(76,78;124,126)である、前記記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも高い温度まで前記記憶層を加熱する手段と、
−前記記憶層に、前記基準層の向きを変えることなく、前記基準層の磁化に対して前記記憶層の磁化の向きを調整することのできる
磁気トルクを印加する手段(82,90);、又は
磁場を印加する手段(116,118)及び磁気トルクを印加する手段(82,90);と、
を含み、
前記記憶層(86)に磁気トルクを印加する手段(82,90)が、前記記憶層にスピンが偏極されている電子の流れを注入する手段を含むことを特徴とする磁気装置。 - 請求項1記載の装置において、
前記トンネル接合の加熱がない場合、前記記憶層及び基準層のブロッキング温度は、前記装置の作動温度の値よりも大きな値を有することを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1又は2記載の装置において、
前記記憶層(86)及び基準層(82)それぞれの磁化は実質的に、前記層の平面に垂直であることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項3記載の装置において、
前記記憶層は、Co−Pt又はCo−Pd合金単層、あるいは、温度が上昇するときに前記記憶層の保磁力が急速に減少するように、Pt又はPdの層と交互になったCoの層の積層によって形成された多層、であることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項3記載の装置において、
前記記憶層は、鉄又はニッケル又はクロム及びプラチナ又はパラジウムを有するコバルトリッチ合金の単層、あるいは、温度が上昇するときに前記記憶層の保磁力が急速に減少するようにPt又はPdの層と交互になった、鉄又はニッケル又はクロムを有するコバルトリッチ合金層の積層によって形成された多層、であることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1又は2記載の装置において、
前記記憶層(112)及び基準層(114)それぞれの磁化は実質的に、前記層の平面に平行であることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の装置において、
前記基準層と結合された第1反強磁性層(80)をさらに含むことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項7記載の装置において、
前記第1反強磁性層(80)の磁化のブロッキング温度は、前記記憶層のブロッキング温度よりも高いことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の装置において、
前記基準層は、2つの磁性体層とRu又はRe又はIr又はRhの中間層とを含む多層であり、前記2つの磁性体層は、前記中間層によって分離され、かつ前記中間層を介した相互作用によって反平行に結合されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の装置において、
交換異方性によって前記記憶層に結合された第2反強磁性層(100)をさらに含むことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項10記載の装置において、
前記第2反強磁性層(100)の磁化のブロッキング温度は、前記基準層のブロッキング温度よりも低いことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の装置において、
前記磁場を印加する手段(116,118)が、前記記憶層内に磁場を生成する電流パルスを送るように構成された少なくとも1つの導電ラインを含むことを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の装置において、
前記トルクを印加する手段(82,90)が、偏極スピンを有する電子を生成するように電流パルスが印加された少なくとも1つの偏極層を含むことを特徴とする装置。 - アドレッシング行及びアドレッシング列によってアドレスすることのできる記憶素子のマトリックスを含むメモリであって、
前記メモリは、各記憶素子が、
−請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の磁気装置(16)と、
−前記磁気装置と直列に配置された電流切換手段(24)と、
を含み、
前記磁気装置は、前記アドレッシング行(22)に連結され、各切換手段は、前記アドレッシング列(28)に連結されていることを特徴とするメモリ。 - 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の磁気装置に情報を書き込む方法であって、
−前記記憶層(86,112)を、該記憶層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも高い温度まで加熱する段階と、
−前記記憶層を冷却している間、前記記憶層に、前記基準層の配向を変えることなく、前記基準層(82,114)の磁化に対する該記憶層の磁化の向きを調整することのできる磁場又はトルクを印加する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項15記載の方法において、
前記基準層に見られる、書き込みの間に印加される磁気トルク又は前記記憶層に対する前記磁場(120)の値は、接合を加熱している間に前記層が到達する最大温度において前記基準層の磁化を反転させるために必要とされる磁場又はトルクよりも小さいことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項15又は16記載の方法において、
前記記憶層は、交換異方性によって反強磁性層(100)に結合され、
前記記憶層及び前記反強磁性層を、これら層の磁化のブロッキング温度よりも高い温度まで加熱し、
前記反強磁性層を冷却している間、冷却している間に印加される磁場の磁化方向によって予め決定されたどんな方向にも前記記憶層の磁化の向きを調整する
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の磁気装置に記憶される情報を読み出す方法であって、
−前記磁気トンネル接合(74)の抵抗値を決定し、
−前記抵抗値から、前記記憶層の磁化の配向を推定する、
ことを特徴とする方法。
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ATE359588T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
FR2832542B1 (fr) | 2005-05-06 |
EP1808862B1 (fr) | 2012-10-24 |
EP1466329A2 (fr) | 2004-10-13 |
WO2003043017A2 (fr) | 2003-05-22 |
US20050002228A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
WO2003043017A3 (fr) | 2003-12-11 |
USRE42619E1 (en) | 2011-08-16 |
JP2011193018A (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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