JP4714680B2 - 燃料電池システム用圧力スイング改質 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム用圧力スイング改質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4714680B2 JP4714680B2 JP2006508728A JP2006508728A JP4714680B2 JP 4714680 B2 JP4714680 B2 JP 4714680B2 JP 2006508728 A JP2006508728 A JP 2006508728A JP 2006508728 A JP2006508728 A JP 2006508728A JP 4714680 B2 JP4714680 B2 JP 4714680B2
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- fuel
- reforming
- fuel cell
- gas
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- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2 (1)
である。典型的には、平衡を右にずらすため、過剰の水蒸気を使用する。水素製造に適用される場合、過剰の水蒸気はまた水性ガスシフトを増やす働きもする。
CO+H2O→CO2+H2 (2)
CH4+1/2O2→CO+2H2 (3)
である。しかし、気相反応の速度論は、供給原料の幾らかを過剰酸化し、過剰の熱発生や、かなりの収量のH2O、CO2および未反応炭化水素を、すすとしてもたらす傾向にある。
(a)床充填材および水蒸気改質触媒を含有する第1ゾーンの第1端を通じて、炭化水素および水蒸気を含む原料油ストリームを、約500hr−1より高い空間速度で導入する工程であって、前記床充填材および水蒸気改質触媒を改質温度まで加熱し、H2、CO、水蒸気およびCO2を含む合成ガスストリームを製造する工程;
(b)前記工程(a)の生成物の少なくとも一部を、床充填材を含有する第2ゾーンの第1端を通じて前記第2ゾーンに送り、熱を前記生成物から前記充填材へ移動させる工程;
(c)前記生成物を、前記第2ゾーンの第2端を通じて実質的に全て前記第2ゾーンから取り出す工程;
(d)前記第2ゾーンの第2端に、酸素含有ガスを導入する工程;および
(e)前記酸素含有ガスを燃料と接触させ、前記ゾーン内で前記ガスおよび燃料を燃焼させ、それによって前記第1ゾーンを改質温度まで再加熱し、前記第1ゾーンの第1端を通って出る煙道ガスを生成させる工程
と記述される。
本発明の一実施形態を例示するため、図4に示された圧力スイング改質方法を用いて、一定量のイソ−オクタンを処理した。この例における水素分離手段は支持されたパラジウム膜で、約350℃で作動する。主要なシステムパラメータは、下記表1で識別されている。
本発明のもう1つの実施形態を例示するため、図5に示された圧力スイング改質方法(ただし、水蒸気ボイラー(502)無し)を用いて、一定量のメタンを処理した。この実施例における水素分離手段は重合体膜で、約100℃で作動する。主要なシステムパラメータは、下記表2で識別されている。
本発明のもう1つの実施形態を例示するため、図3に示された圧力スイング改質方法を用いて、一定量のメタンを処理した。この例において、燃料電池はプロトン伝導固体酸化物型燃料電池(「SOFC」)で、約500℃で作動する。SOFCの陽極および陽極流出物(ストリーム318および312)を、PSR再生供給原料(ストリーム329および330)として使用する。必要に応じ、SOFCおよび再生流出物(327)からの廃熱を利用して、水蒸気を製造し、またPSRおよびSOFC供給原料の予熱(図示せず)を提供する。冷却された再生流出物(ストリーム327)から、水蒸気用の水を凝縮させる(冷却および凝縮は図示せず)。主要なシステムパラメータは、下記表3で識別されている。
Claims (18)
- 燃料電池用燃料の製造方法であって、
(A)水蒸気を含む炭化水素含有供給原料を、循環式改質・再生方法で改質する工程であって、
i)前記供給原料および水蒸気を、空間速度C1GHSV500時−1以上(但し、C 1 GHSVは、炭化水素供給原料を炭素数1を基準として換算して算出される空間速度を意味する。)で、充填材および改質用触媒を含む反応器の第1ゾーンを通して導入して改質する工程;
ii)前記工程i)から得られた改質生成物の少なくとも一部を、前記反応器の、充填材を含む第2ゾーンに通し、前記改質生成物から第2ゾーンの充填材に熱を伝達する工程;
iii)前記第2ゾーンから、水素濃度が高められた改質生成物を含む、全ての生成物を取り出す工程;
iv)前記第2ゾーンに酸素含有ガスおよび燃料を導入し、前記ガスおよび燃料を、前記第1ゾーンと第2ゾーンの間の界面に近接する領域で燃焼させて、熱と燃焼生成物を生成し、前記燃焼の熱を、前記第1ゾーンの前記充填材に伝達する工程;および
v)前記第1ゾーンから、前記燃焼生成物を全て取り出す工程
を順に含む工程;および
(B)前記工程iii)由来の前記改質生成物を燃料電池に供給する工程
を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。 - (A)前記工程i)における前記供給原料および水蒸気を、前記第1ゾーンの第1端を通して導入し、
(B)前記工程i)の生成物を、前記第1ゾーンの第2端から出して前記第2ゾーンの第1端に送り、
(C)前記改質生成物を、前記第2ゾーンの第2端から取り出し、
(D)前記酸素含有ガスを、前記第2ゾーンの前記第2端を通して導入し、
(E)前記燃焼生成物を、前記第1ゾーンの前記第1端から取り出す
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。 - 前記工程iii)より後、且つ前記工程iv)より前に、前記第2ゾーン中で前記第2端から前記第1端まで、次いで前記第1ゾーン中で前記第2端から前記第1端までガスを通過させることによって、前記第2ゾーンから前記第1ゾーンに熱を伝達することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記工程i)、ii)およびiii)の前記改質は、前記工程iv)の前記第1ゾーンよりも高い圧力で実施されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記循環方法を、0.1〜500℃の伝熱温度差ΔTHTを提供する充填材および空間速度条件の下で行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記反応器充填材は、0.05cal/cm3 秒℃よりも大きい容積熱伝導率を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記充填材は、1cm2につき流路15〜500本の流路密度を有するハニカム状一体成形体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記水蒸気を含む炭化水素含有供給原料は、導入の際の入口での温度が20〜600℃の温度を有し、改質は、改質用触媒の少なくとも一部を700〜2000℃まで加熱することにより行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記工程iii)からの改質生成物を、水性ガスシフト触媒上で反応させて、水素濃度が高められた合成ガスを製造することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記改質生成物または合成ガスを水素分離手段に供給して、水素濃度が高められた燃料電池供給ガスおよび水素濃度が減少した水素分離後のガスストリームを製造することを特徴とする請求項1または9に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記水素分離手段は、(i)膜分離手段、(ii)圧力スイング吸着手段および(iii)温度スイング吸着手段よりなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記水素分離後のガスストリームは、前記工程iv)の前記燃料の少なくとも一部として使用することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記供給原料、前記水蒸気またはその両方を、水性ガスシフト触媒の合成ガス生成物と熱交換させることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 水回収装置を使用して燃料電池陽極排出ガスから水を抜き出し、前記水を、前記工程i)における水蒸気を供給するために使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記燃料電池からの陽極排出ガスは、前記工程iv)の前記酸素含有ガスの少なくとも一部として供給するために使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記改質生成物、前記合成ガス、前記燃料電池供給ガスまたはそれらの組み合わせに由来する熱を使用して、水蒸気を生成することを特徴とする請求項1、9または10に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
- 前記第1ゾーンと第2ゾーンの間の界面における温度、または実質的にこの界面における温度を測定し、所定の第1の温度に到達した時点で、前記第2ゾーンに酸素含有ガスを導入する工程;および
前記第1ゾーンの前記第1端における温度、または実質的にこの端部における温度を測定し、所定の第2の温度に到達した時点で、前記炭化水素含有供給原料および水蒸気供給原料を前記第1ゾーンの前記第1端に導入する工程
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。 - 前記第1ゾーンと第2ゾーンの間の界面における温度、または実質的にこの界面における温度を測定し、所定の温度に到達した時点で、前記工程iv)を開始する工程;および
前記第1ゾーンの前記第1端における温度、または実質的にそこにおける温度を測定し、所定の第2の温度に到達した時点で、前記改質および回収工程i)、ii)およびiii)を開始する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用燃料の製造方法。
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US45090403P | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | |
US60/450,904 | 2003-02-28 | ||
US10/756,647 US7217303B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-01-13 | Pressure swing reforming for fuel cell systems |
US10/756,647 | 2004-01-13 | ||
PCT/US2004/004265 WO2004078646A1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-02-13 | Pressure swing reforming for fuel cell systems |
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US7914764B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2011-03-29 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Hydrogen manufacture using pressure swing reforming |
US7503948B2 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2009-03-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Solid oxide fuel cell systems having temperature swing reforming |
US7090043B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2006-08-15 | Shell Oil Company | Generating syngas for NOx regeneration combined with fuel cell auxiliary power generation |
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US7217303B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
KR101088614B1 (ko) | 2011-11-30 |
JP2006520527A (ja) | 2006-09-07 |
CA2515514A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
WO2004078646A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
AU2004217989A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
CN1863730B (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
MXPA05008564A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
DE602004026693D1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
US20040175326A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
EP1601615B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
CN1863730A (zh) | 2006-11-15 |
KR20050115886A (ko) | 2005-12-08 |
CA2515514C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
ATE465124T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
EP1601615A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
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