JP4645030B2 - 遮熱被膜を有する耐熱部材 - Google Patents
遮熱被膜を有する耐熱部材 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
前記遮熱層が表面から前記基材側に向けて、厚さ方向に延びる複数のクラックを有し、厚さ方向に延びるほぼ全てのクラックの前記基材側先端が、前記結合層と前記遮熱層との境界から前記遮熱層表面に向けて10μm以上100μm以下の範囲にあることを特徴とする耐熱部材としたものである。なお上記にほぼ全てのクラックとあるが、これは、クラックの基材側先端が基材境界から10μm以上100μm以下の範囲である、厚さ方向に延びるクラックが、遮熱層内の厚さ方向に延びるクラックの総数の80%以上であることを意味する。また、上記遮熱層内の厚さ方向に延びるクラックの数は、遮熱層の表面から基材側に向けての方向における断面内で、前記方向とほぼ垂直方向1mmの領域当り、3本以上10本以下であることが好ましい。ここで、表面から基材側に向けて厚さ方向に延びるクラック(縦クラック)とは、遮熱層の表面から基材側に向けた厚さ方向となす角度が0度以上45度未満のものであり、クラックの幅が0.1μm 以上のものをいう。また、被膜面に沿った方向に延びるクラック(横方向クラック)とは、遮熱層の表面から基材側に向けた厚さ方向となす角度が45度より大きく90度以下のものであり、クラックの幅が0.1μm 以上のものを指す。なお、本発明において、皮膜内に存在する縦クラックの幅は10μm以下であることが好ましい。
Sc2O3,Er2O3,Gd2O3,Yb2O3,Al2O3,SiO2,La2O3から選ばれた1種以上を含むことが好ましい。
100μmである。なお、被膜面に沿った方向のクラック15(横方向クラック)は存在しないことが好ましいが、不可避の程度存在しても良い。
TBCは、比較例1の公知の被膜を貫通する厚さ方向に延びるクラックを有するTBCの約2倍、比較例2の公知の多孔質TBCに比べ約4倍の耐久性を示しており、優れた耐熱サイクル性を有することが分った。また、サイクル数80回で取り出し、本発明と比較例1の試験片の断面組織を観察した。その結果、本発明のセラミックス遮熱層では、厚さ方向に延びるクラックは結合層側に進展しているのが認められ、クラックの基材側先端と被膜の基材側境界との距離が10〜100μmの範囲である、厚さ方向に延びるクラックの数は、被膜内の厚さ方向に延びるクラックの総数の70%まで減少していたが、横方向クラックの進展はほとんど認められなかった。一方、比較例1では遮熱層を貫通した被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックの界面側の先端から横方向クラックが新たに発生したり、被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックから派生した横方向クラックの進展が認められ、特に界面近傍で横方向クラックの進展が顕著であった。また、両方の試験片共に、セラミックス遮熱層とメタル結合層の界面にメタル結合層の酸化による、酸化物層が形成されていたが、その厚さは、本発明の試験片では約10μmであったが、比較例1の試験片では約20〜
30μmの厚さに成長していた。これらの結果から、本発明の遮熱層では、界面近傍に設けられたクラックのほとんど発生していない緻密で高強度の領域が、横方向のクラックの発生・進展を抑止するとともに、被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックが遮熱層を貫通することで、酸素の通路となり、メタル結合層の酸化を促進することを防止する効果があることが分った。
9.6%Co)、Ni基の一方向凝固材(DS材,Mar−M247,Ni−16%Cr−1.8%Mo−2.6%W−3.4%Al−3.4%Ti−1.7%Ta−8.5%Co−0.1%C)に変更した試験片についても、同様の試験を実施したところ、ほぼ同様の結果が得られた。この結果から、本発明のTBCはSC材,DS材でも十分に効果を発揮することが確認できた。
100kW)にて約500μmの厚さ本発明による遮熱層を設けた。動翼への施工においては、実施例1の小型の試験片に比べ、被施工物の熱容量が大きいため若干の溶射条件の変更が必要である。すなわち、実施例1の小型試験片では第二の工程で、被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックを発生させるために必要な0.3〜0.6MW/m2 の熱流束を実現するために試験片裏面を空冷する必要があったが、本実施例の実機動翼への施工のように、被施工物の熱容量が十分大きい場合は、特別な冷却を行わなくとも被施工物内での熱伝導、及び非加熱部(プラズマで加熱されていない部分)での放熱による、自己冷却が作用し、第二の工程では被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックを発生せしめるのに十分な熱流束が、特別に裏面の冷却を施すことなく得られる。しかし、この場合には逆に第一の工程において、第二の工程と同一の溶射条件では、緻密でクラックのほとんど発生しない領域を形成するために必要な、0.3MW/m2未満の熱流束を実現することが困難になる。この対策として、実機動翼の施工においては、予熱と第一の工程における溶射条件(例えば、溶射ガンの移動速度,溶射距離,溶射ガン出力等)を被施工物への入熱が増えるように調節し、被施工物の溶射点周辺をできるだけ広い範囲加熱し、溶射点と周囲との温度差を小さくして、被施工物内での熱伝導による自己冷却作用を抑制する必要がある。
MW/m2の熱流束となり、実機動翼上に実施例1と同様の組織を有するTBCを形成した。
170℃,圧力は8気圧である。この試験ではあらかじめ翼前縁部に熱電対を埋め込んだ動翼で加熱保持状態での翼基材温度を測定し、熱流束を求めた結果、最大3.2MW/m2であった。また、比較のため、実施例1の比較例1と同様にして、メタル結合層(厚さ約100μm)と被膜の厚さ方向に延びるクラックが被覆層を貫通したセラミックス遮熱層(厚さ約500μm)を設けたタービン動翼も作製した。
MW/m2が得られた。しかる後、連続して第二の工程(2パス目以降)からは、溶射条件を実施例1と同様に戻すことで、実機静翼上に実施例1と同様の組織を有するTBCを形成した。
44…シールフィン、45…チップポケット、46…ダブテイル、51…燃焼ノズル、
52…燃焼筒、53…試験翼、54…翼保持台、55…排熱ダクト、56…燃焼炎、62…エンドウォール部。
Claims (4)
- Ni,Coを主成分とする耐熱合金基材の表面上に、前記基材に比べ高温耐食耐酸化性に優れた合金からなる結合層と、前記結合層の上に形成され、ジルコニア系セラミックスからなる遮熱層とを有する耐熱部材において、
大気中プラズマ溶射にて形成された前記遮熱層は、粉末粒子が積層して形成され、表面から前記基材側に向けて、厚さ方向に延びる複数のクラックを有し、前記厚さ方向に延びるクラックの前記基材側先端は、前記結合層と前記遮熱層の境界から、10μm以上100μm以下の領域にあり、前記領域の気孔率が10%以下であることを特徴とする耐熱部材。 - 前記クラックの数が、前記遮熱層の表面から前記基材側に向けての方向における断面内で、前記方向とほぼ垂直方向1mmの領域当り、3本以上10本以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の耐熱部材。
- 前記ジルコニア系セラミックスはZrO2を主成分とし、Y2O3,MgO,CaO,CeO2,Sc2O3,Er2O3,Gd2O3,Yb2O3,Al2O3,SiO2,La2O3から選ばれた、1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の耐熱部材。
- 請求項1記載の耐熱部材を備えたガスタービン。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003420281A JP4645030B2 (ja) | 2003-12-18 | 2003-12-18 | 遮熱被膜を有する耐熱部材 |
US11/006,763 US7449251B2 (en) | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-08 | Heat resistant article having thermal barrier coating |
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