JP4494203B2 - 光学歪の矯正および回転の制御を行う超小型走査光プローブ - Google Patents
光学歪の矯正および回転の制御を行う超小型走査光プローブ Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の分野は、超小型走査画像プローブの設計、製造、および使用、さらに具体的には、回転歪の予防のための超小型走査画像プローブの設計、製造、および使用に関する。
超小型走査画像プローブの開発の必要性が焦眉の急となっている。これらのプローブは、超小型レンズならびに関連走査およびビーム・ディレクタ要素を必要とする。このようなプローブは、光コヒーレント・トモグラフィ(OCT)、他のインナーフェロメトリック・イメージングおよびレンジング・システム、ならびに他の映像様式(例えば、蛍光発光)または治療光源において使用される。将来の医療(および非医療)光プローブは、動脈、静脈、および肺気道などの細い曲がりくねった通路を探索するために、これらの小型プローブを必要とするであろう。現在の技術は、概して、これらの小型プローブの必要を満たすのに適当ではない。それらは、プローブの直径が約500μm未満でなければならず、同時にワーキング・ディスタンスは数mmまで伸びうるものでなければならず、かつ制御された複雑になりうる走査パタンを遂行しなければならない。
本発明は、シース。シース内に位置する可撓性双方向回転光伝導システム。およびシース中に位置する粘性緩衝流体を含む光プローブに関する。この光伝導システムは、所定の範囲の波長の光を伝導し、収斂させ、収集することができる。シースおよび粘性緩衝流体は、上記の光の波長の少なくともいくつかのものには透明である。粘性液の屈折率は通常、前記シースを介する伝播により光効果誘導を除去するように選ばれる。一実施形態において、光伝導システムは、直径ほぼ300μm未満である。いくつかの実施形態においては、シースはほぼ円筒形である。いくつかの実施形態においては、光プローブはさらに、カテーテル洗浄用ルーメンを含む。他の実施形態においては、カテーテル洗浄は、ほぼ体温に維持され、粘性緩衝流体中の温度誘導粘性変化を最小限にする。
図1は、イメージング・レンズの一実施形態の一例を示す。この実施形態において、単一モード・ファイバ10はスプライスされるか、そうでなければレンズ12に固定される。レンズ12は、ファイバ10とほぼ同じ直径である。ファイバ10は、様々な薄い保護被覆を含んでよい。ビーム・ディレクタ14、一実施形態では45°(または他の適した角度)傾斜鏡、が溶融スプライシングまたは接着剤を使ってレンズ12に取付けられている。傾斜鏡14は、高反射率材料で被覆されるか、または全内面反射の原理にしたがって動作する。図1をさらに参照するに、示された実施形態中、レンズ12は、傾斜鏡14の表面18からガウス・ビームのウェイスト位置20までのワーキング・ディスタンス16を有する。レンズ12とビーム・ディレクタ14の組合せは、もともと単一モード・ファイバ10の出口のところに位置しているビーム・ウェイストを拡大(または縮小)し、ワーキング・ディスタンス16に位置するスポットでの新しいウェイスト20を創成する。ワーキング・ディスタンス16において、スポット・サイズは図2に示すように最小化され、位相フロントは殆んどフラットになる。
せん断応力(τ)=μxV/a=μxRPSx2πr/a (12)
トルク=μxRPSx2πrx2πrxlxr/a (13)
ワインドアップ/長=トルク/G・Iz (14)
ここにμは粘度、aはファイバとシースとの隙間、Vは速度、RPSは毎秒回転数、lはシース内で粘性液が塗布される長さ、Gはせん断係数(ファイバの剛性係数)、およびIZはファイバの軸の周りの慣性モーメントである。
Claims (29)
- シースと、
可撓性の、双方向に回転可能の、該シース内に位置する光伝導システムであって、該光伝導システムは、伝導ファイバを含み、該伝導ファイバは、該光伝導システムの回転に応答して巻くことが可能であり、該光伝導システムは、所定の範囲の波長の光を伝導、集束および収集することが可能である、光伝導システムと、
該シース中に位置する粘性緩衝流体であって、該粘性緩衝流体は、該シースの遠位部内の異なる位置に位置する複数の異なる粘性緩衝流体である、粘性緩衝流体と
を含む、光プローブであって、
該シースおよび該粘性緩衝流体の両方は、光の該波長の少なくともいくつかの波長に対して透明であり、
該粘性緩衝流体は、不均一回転歪を防ぐように選択された粘性を有する、光プローブ。 - 前記光伝導システムの直径は、ほぼ300μm未満である、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記光伝導システムは、ビーム・ディレクタに光学的に結合された集束要素を含む、請求項2に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記光伝導システムは、
0〜10mmのワーキング・ディスタンスを有する半径100μm未満の出口ビーム・ウェイストと、
10mmまでの視野深度と
を創成する、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。 - 前記ワーキング・ディスタンスおよび前記視野深度は、空気基準画像条件または液基準画像条件に適用可能である、請求項4に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記シースの直径は、ほぼ500μm未満である、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記伝導ファイバは、前記シース内で滑動的に回転可能である、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記伝導ファイバは、近位端で回転可能に駆動される、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記集束要素および前記ビーム・ディレクタは、
無芯シリカ・ファイバの第一セグメントに取付けられ、協調指数ファイバに取付けられ、無芯ファイバの第二セグメントに取付けられた、前記伝導ファイバを含み、
該無芯ファイバの第二セグメントは、前記ビーム・ディレクタを形成する一つ以上の角度付小面を有する、請求項3に記載の光プローブ。 - 前記集束要素および前記ビーム・ディレクタは、
端面を有する協調指数ファイバの一片に取付けられた前記伝導ファイバであって、該伝導ファイバの作業口径および指数プロファイルは、空気中または液中のいずれかにおいて該端面から測って10mmまでのワーキング・ディスタンスにおいて半径100μm未満のビーム・ウェイストを生成するよう設計されている、伝導ファイバと、
該協調指数ファイバに取付けられた無芯ファイバであって、一つ以上の角度付小面を有する無芯ファイバと
を含む、請求項3に記載の光プローブ。 - 前記角度付無芯ファイバは、一つの角度付小面上に反射的に被覆される、請求項9に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記角度付無芯ファイバは、前記ビーム・ディレクタが全内部反射を使ってビームを方向付けるように第一小面角度を有する、請求項9に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記ビーム・ディレクタは、二つの小面を含み、第一小面は、反射鏡として働き、第二小面は、伝導要素として働き、該第二小面から生じて該第一小面から前記集束要素を介して再反射する余剰逆反射光の角度は、前記伝導ファイバのアクセプタンス角を超える、請求項3に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記角度付無芯ファイバの前記第二セグメントは、光エネルギがほぼ一波長領域において反射され、光エネルギがほぼ別個の第二波長領域で伝導されるように、一つの小面上に二色性の被覆によって被覆される、請求項9に記載の光プローブ。
- カテーテル洗浄を提供するルーメンをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- カテーテル洗浄が体温に維持されることにより、前記カテーテルの遠位チップにおける温度誘導粘性の変化が最小化される、請求項15に記載の光プローブ。
- 所定の波長範囲で動作するように設計された光伝導システムを含む光プローブであって、
該光伝導システムは、
穴を規定する第一シースであって、遠位端でシールされている第一シースと、
該第一シースの穴内に位置するビーム・ディレクタと、
該第一シースの穴内に位置する集束要素であって、該第一シースの穴内に位置する該ビーム・ディレクタに光学的に結合された集束要素と、
穴を規定する第二シースであって、該第一シースは、該第二シースの穴内に位置している、第二シースと、
該第二シースの穴内に位置する粘性緩衝流体であって、該粘性緩衝流体は、不均一回転歪を防ぐように選択された粘性を有し、該粘性緩衝流体は、該第二シースの遠位部内の異なる位置に位置する複数の異なる粘性緩衝流体である、粘性緩衝流体と、
該第二シースの穴内に位置する回転可能な光ファイバと
を含み、
該第一シースは、該第一シースの遠位端で閉じられ、該光伝導システムは、該第一シース内に閉じ込められている、光プローブ。 - 前記光伝導システムの直径は、ほぼ300μm未満である、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記光伝導システムは、0〜10mmのワーキング・ディスタンスを有する半径100μm未満の出口ビーム・ウェイストと、10mmまでの視野深度とを創成する、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記ビーム・ディレクタは、角度付小面による全内部反射を利用する、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記第二シースの直径は、ほぼ500μm未満である、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記ビーム・ディレクタは、ただ一つの内部反射小面を有する、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記集束要素は、無芯ファイバを含む、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- カテーテル洗浄を提供するルーメンをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- カテーテル洗浄が体温に維持されることにより、前記カテーテルの遠位チップにおける温度誘導粘性変化が最小化される、請求項24に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記粘性緩衝流体の粘性は、流体境界近傍以外での流体の混合が実質的に避けられるのに十分に高い、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記粘性緩衝流体の粘性は、流体境界近傍以外での流体の混合が実質的に避けられるのに十分に高い、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記粘性緩衝流体は、500〜20000センチストロークの機械的粘性係数を有する、請求項1に記載の光プローブ。
- 前記粘性緩衝流体は、500〜20000センチストロークの機械的粘性係数を有する、請求項17に記載の光プローブ。
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CN1684624A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
JP2005533610A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
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ATE407617T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
US20050201662A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
DE60323506D1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
WO2004010856A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
JP2010188138A (ja) | 2010-09-02 |
US6891984B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
CN100407980C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
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