JP4322663B2 - ロール・トゥ・ロール・ディスプレイ製造におけるマイクロカップの封止のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
ロール・トゥ・ロール・ディスプレイ製造におけるマイクロカップの封止のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4322663B2 JP4322663B2 JP2003502091A JP2003502091A JP4322663B2 JP 4322663 B2 JP4322663 B2 JP 4322663B2 JP 2003502091 A JP2003502091 A JP 2003502091A JP 2003502091 A JP2003502091 A JP 2003502091A JP 4322663 B2 JP4322663 B2 JP 4322663B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- styrene
- methylstyrene
- composition
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical group CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiirane Chemical compound CC1CS1 MBNVSWHUJDDZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ARKQRZXCXIMZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-azido-4-[(4-azidophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=[N+]=[N-])=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 ARKQRZXCXIMZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MLIWQXBKMZNZNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis[(4-azidophenyl)methylidene]-4-methylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1C(=CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)N=[N+]=[N-])CC(C)CC1=CC1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 MLIWQXBKMZNZNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC(SSC=3SC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006030 multiblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003251 poly(α-methylstyrene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 28
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001652 electrophoretic deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001345 ε-poly-D-lysine Polymers 0.000 description 5
- YIKSHDNOAYSSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2C(C)C YIKSHDNOAYSSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)butan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=C(N2CCOCC2)C=CC=1C(=O)C(CC)(N(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UHFFVFAKEGKNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005354 coacervation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011417 postcuring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCUVUDODLRLVIC-VPHDGDOJSA-N sudan black b Chemical compound C1=CC(=C23)NC(C)(C)NC2=CC=CC3=C1\N=N\C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 YCUVUDODLRLVIC-VPHDGDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBTKIMWGAQACHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichlorononane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(Cl)Cl FBTKIMWGAQACHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USPWUOFNOTUBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)=C1F USPWUOFNOTUBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWTFGHPTJQPZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1F UWTFGHPTJQPZQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBKFIAIRSQOXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 FBKFIAIRSQOXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJYHBJUWZMHGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl BJYHBJUWZMHGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPWYHFXSMINJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-(1-phenylethyl)benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C)=C(C)C=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GNPWYHFXSMINJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCCC)=CC=C2NCCCC OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGCDGLXSBHJAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(Cl)C(F)=C1F KGCDGLXSBHJAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAFBRPFISOTXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-n-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=C(C)C=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC(C(=C1)Cl)=CC=C1C(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1N=NC(C(C)=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C IAFBRPFISOTXSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQZFGPJGXVFSTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[1-(2-methylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-n-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C)C=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC(C(=C1)Cl)=CC=C1C(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1N=NC(C(C)=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C LQZFGPJGXVFSTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTQQYMRXDUHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-hydroxy-3-[4-[2-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC(O)COC(=O)C=C)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(O)COC(=O)C=C)C=C1 VZTQQYMRXDUHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAIKOVRFTSBNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 XAIKOVRFTSBNNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001000 anthraquinone dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009503 electrostatic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FOC(=O)C=C ZYMKZMDQUPCXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical class [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGFXOWRDDHCDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene oxide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1(F)OC1(F)F PGFXOWRDDHCDTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N omega-Hydroxydodecanoic acid Natural products OCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDHCZVWCTKTBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- CEOCDNVZRAIOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl CEOCDNVZRAIOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011087 perflunafene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-IJWZVTFUSA-N perfluorodecalin Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]2(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)[C@@]21F UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-IJWZVTFUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010701 perfluoropolyalkylether Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotributylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZYBQIAUSKCCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotripentylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F AQZYBQIAUSKCCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001007 phthalocyanine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003050 poly-cycloolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/1675—Constructional details
- G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Description
(1)マイクロカップ(登録商標)内のディスプレイ流体と非混和性であり、ディスプレイ流体の比重より小さい比重を示す溶媒または溶媒混合物と、
(2)熱可塑性エラストマーと
を含む新規な封止オーバーコート組成物を用いる連続ウェブプロセスによって、電気泳動流体などのディスプレイ流体を充填したマイクロカップ(登録商標)を途切れなく、かつ欠陥なしに封止できることが判った。
本明細書において、全ての技術的な用語は、特に断りのない限り、それらが一般的に使用されているように、また、当該分野の当業者に理解されるように、従来から用いられている定義に基づいて使用する。
用語「セル」は、本発明に関連して、シールされたマイクロカップ(登録商標)から形成される単一のユニットを意味することを意図する。セルには、溶媒または溶媒混合物中で分散する帯電色素粒子が充填されている。
用語「適切に規定された」は、マイクロカップ(登録商標)またはセルについて記載する場合、マイクロカップ(登録商標)またはセルが、製造プロセスの特定のパラメーターに基づいて予め決められる明確な形状、寸法およびアスペクト比を有することを意味することを意図する。
用語「アスペクト比」は、当該技術分野では一般的に知られた用語であり、マイクロカップ開口部の幅に対する深さの比または直径に対する深さの比である。
用語「画像露光(またはイメージ通りに曝露、imagewise exposure)」は、放射線硬化性材料またはフォトレジスト組成物を放射線、例えば紫外線(UV)で本発明の方法の1つを用いて露光し、これにより、マイクロカップ(登録商標)の構造に対応(または一致)するパターンまたは「像(またはイメージ)」を形成するように、そのように露光した材料の一部を制御することを意味し、例えば、この露光はマイクロカップ壁に対応する材料部分では制限し、マイクロカップ(登録商標)のフロア部分を未露光のまま残す。マイクロカップアレイの所定の部分にてフォトレジストを選択的に開口させる場合、画像露光は、カップ開口部に対応する材料部分を露光し、マイクロカップ壁を未露光のまま残すことを意味する。このパターンまたは像は、フォトマスクを通じる露光などの方法により、または別法では制御された粒子ビーム露光などにより形成してよい。
図1および2は、例示的なマイクロカップアレイアセンブリの態様の、明瞭にするために簡素化した概略断面図であり、3つのマイクロカップセル(12a、bおよびc)で構成されるマイクロカップアレイアセンブリ(10)を示す。
マイクロカップ(登録商標)はマイクロエンボス加工またはフォトリソグラフィによって製造できる。
雄型の製造
雄型は任意の適切な方法、例えばダイアモンド・ターン・プロセスまたはフォトレジスト・プロセスおよびその後のエッチングまたは電気メッキによって製造できる。雄型のためのマスターテンプレートは任意の適切な方法、例えば電気メッキによって製造できる。電気メッキを用いて、ガラスベースにクロムインコネルのようなシード・メタルの薄い層(典型的には3000オングストローム)をスパッタ形成する。次に、フォトレジストの層により被覆して、UVに曝露する。マスクをUVとフォトレジストの層との間に配置する。フォトレジストの露光領域は硬化状態となる。次に、非露光領域を適当な溶媒によって洗浄して除去する。残った硬化フォトレジストを乾燥し、シード・メタルの薄層を再度スパッタ形成する。このようにして電鋳用のマスターが完成する。電鋳用の典型的な材料はニッケル・コバルトである。別法では、マスターは、「コンティニュアス・マニュファクチャリング・オブ・シン・カバー・シート・オプティカル・メディア(Continuous manufacturing of thin cover sheet optical media)」(SPIE Proc.)第1663巻、第324頁(1992年)に記載されているように無電解ニッケル付着または電鋳によってニッケルにより形成してよい。型のフロア(底部分)は典型的には約50〜400ミクロンである。マスターは、e(電子)−ビーム・ライティング、ドライ・エッチング、ケミカル・エッチング、レーザー・ライティングまたはレーザー・インタフェアランス(laser interference)(例えば「リプリケーション・テクニクス・フォー・マイクロ−オプティックス(Replication techniques for micro-optics)」(SPIE Proc.)第3099巻、第76〜82頁(1997年)に記載されているようなもの)を含む他のマイクロエンジニアリング技術を用いて形成することもできる。別法では、型は、プラスチック、セラミックまたは金属を用いるフォトマシニング(photomachining、光学的加工)によって形成できる。
マイクロカップ(登録商標)はバッチ式プロセスまたは同時係属出願である2001年2月25日に出願された米国出願第09/784,972号に開示されるような連続ロール・トゥ・ロールプロセスで形成できる。後者は、電気泳動ディスプレイまたはLCDにおいて使用する区画(またはコンパートメント)を製造するための低コストで高生産性の連続式製造技術を提供するものである。UV硬化性樹脂組成物を適用(または塗布)する前に、脱型プロセスを支援するように雄型を離型剤で処理してよい。UV硬化性樹脂はディスペンスの前に脱ガス処理してよく、また、これは場合により溶媒を含んでいてよい。溶媒は、存在する場合には容易に蒸発する。UV硬化性樹脂は任意の適当な手段、例えばコーティング、浸漬および注ぎなどで雄型の上へディスペンスする。ディスペンサは可動式または固定式のいずれでもよい。導体フィルムをUV硬化性樹脂の上に重ねる。適当な導体フィルムの例には、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリアラミド、ポリイミド、ポリシクロオレフィン、ポリスルホン、エポキシおよびそれらの複合材料などのプラスチック基材上の透明導体ITOが含まれる。樹脂とプラスチックとの間の適性な結合を確保し、また、マイクロカップ(登録商標)のフロアの厚さを制御するために、必要に応じて圧力を加えてよい。ラミネートローラ、真空モールド、プレス装置または他の同様の手段を用いて圧力を加えてよい。雄型が金属製で不透明な場合、プラスチック基材は典型的には、樹脂を硬化させるのに用いる化学線に対して透明である。逆に、化学線に対して雄型が透明であり、プラスチック基材が不透明であってよい。型成形した形状を転写シート上へ良好に転写するためには、導体フィルムはUV硬化性樹脂に対する付着性が良好な必要があり、UV硬化性樹脂は型表面からのリリース特性(または解放特性)が良好でなければならない。
マイクロカップアレイを製造するためのフォトリソグラフィ・プロセスを図4および5に図示する。
図4Aおよび4Bに示すように、マイクロカップアレイ(40)は、既知の方法により導体電極フィルム(42)に被覆した放射線硬化性材料(41a)をUV光(あるいは別法では、他の形態の放射線および電子ビームなど)にマスク(46)を通じて露光して、マスク(46)を通じて投射した像(またはイメージ)に対応する壁(41b)を形成することによって製造できる。ベース導体フィルム(42)は、好ましくは支持基材ベースウェブ(43)(これはプラスチック材料を含んでいてよい)に設けられる。
画像露光により本発明のマイクロカップアレイを作製するためのまた別の方法を図5Aおよび5Bに図示する。不透明な導体ラインを用いる場合、この導体ラインは底部からの露光に対するフォトマスクとして用いることができる。導体ラインと垂直な不透明なラインを有する第2のフォトマスクを介する上部からの追加露光によって耐久性を有するマイクロカップ壁が形成される。
新規な封止オーバーコート組成物は次の成分:
(1)マイクロカップ(登録商標)内のディスプレイ流体と非混和性であり、ディスプレイ流体の比重より小さい比重を示す溶媒または溶媒混合物と、
(2)熱可塑性エラストマーと
を含む。
また、マイクロカップ(登録商標)への封止剤の付着性を向上させ、よりフレキシブルなコーティングプロセスを提供するために湿潤剤(例えばFC界面活性剤(3M社製)、ゾニル(Zonyl)界面活性剤(デュポン製)、フルオロアクリレート、フルオロメタクリレート、フッ素置換長鎖アルコール、パーフルオロ置換長鎖カルボン酸およびそれらの誘導体、ならびにシルウェット(Silwet)シリコーン界面活性剤(OSi(コネチカット州グリーンウィッチ)製)など)も組成物中に含めてよい。また、架橋剤(例えば4,4’−ジアジドジフェニルメタンおよび2,6−ジ−(4’−アジドベンザル)−4−メチルシクロヘキサノンなどのビスアジド)、加硫剤(例えば2−ベンゾチアゾリルジスルフィドおよびテトラメチルチウラムジスルフィドなど)、多官能性モノマーまたはオリゴマー(例えばヘキサンジオール、ジアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパン、トリアクリレート、ジビニルベンゼン、ジアリルナフタレンなど)、熱開始剤(例えばジラウロイルペルオキシド、ベンゾイルペルオキシド)および光開始剤(例えばイソプロピルチオキサントン(ITX)、イルガキュア(Irgacure)651およびイルガキュア369(チバ・ガイギー(Ciba-Geigy)製)など)を含む他の成分も、更に組成物に含まれてよく、オーバーコーティングプロセスの間またはその後の架橋または重合反応によって封止層の物理機械的特性を高めるために極めて有用である。
電気泳動セルを製造する好ましい方法を図6A〜6Dに概略的に図示する。
本発明のEPDの様々な態様について本明細書にて説明するように、マイクロカップ(登録商標)には、誘電性溶媒中に分散させた帯電色素粒子(例えば図6Bの溶媒(64)および色素粒子(65))が好ましくは充填されている。この分散物は当該技術分野にて周知の方法、例えば米国特許第6,017,584号、第5,914,806号、第5,573,711号、第5,403,518号、第5,380,362号、第4,680,103号、第4,285,801号、第4,093,534号、第4,071,430号および第3,668,106号に基づいて調製できる。また、アイ・イー・イー・イー・トランス・エレクトロン・デバイシィーズ(IEEE Trans. Electron Devices)、ED−24、827頁(1977年)およびジャーナル・オブ・アプライド・フィジックス(J. Appl. Phys.)、49(9)、4820頁(1978年)も参照のこと。
35重量部のエベクリル(Ebecryl)600(ユー・シー・ビー(UCB)製)、40部のSR−399(サートマー(Sartomer)製)、10部のエベクリル4827(ユー・シー・ビー製)、7部のエベクリル1360(ユー・シー・ビー製)、8部のHDDA(ユー・シー・ビー製)、0.05部のイルガキュア(Irgacure)369(チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ(Ciba Specialty Chemicals)製)、および0.01部のイソプロピルチオキサントン(ITX、アルドリッチ(Aldrich)製)を均一に混合して用いてマイクロエンボス加工に用いた。
5部のエベクリル830、2.6部のSR−399(サートマー製)、1.8部のエベクリル1701、1部のPMMA(分子量Mw=350,000、アルドリッチ製)、0.5部のイルガキュア500、および40部のメチルエチルケトン(MEK)を含むプライマー溶液を、2ミル(mil)、60オーム/スクエアのITO/PETフィルム(シェルダール・インク(Sheldahl Inc.(ミネソタ州)製)の上に#3マイラド・バー(Myrad bar)を用いて被覆し、乾燥させ、ゼータ(Zeta)7410(5W/cm2、ロックタイト(Loctite)製)露光装置を空気中で15分間用いてUV硬化させた。実施例1で製造したマイクロカップ調製物を、処理ITO/PETフィルム上に目標厚さ約50μmとして被覆し、60(長さ)×60(幅)μmの繰り返し突起正方形パターンを20〜50μmの突起高さおよび幅10μmの隔壁ラインで有するNi−Co雄型によってエンボス加工し、PET側から20秒間UV硬化させ、2インチの剥離バーによって約4〜5フィート/分の速度で外した。25〜50μmの範囲の深さを有する適切に規定されたマイクロカップ(登録商標)が、対応する突起高さを有する雄型を用いて製造された。また、例えば70(Length:長さ)×70(Width:幅)×35(Depth:深さ)×10(Partition:隔壁)、100(L)×100(W)×35(D)×10(P)、および100(L)×100(W)×30(D)×10(P)μmの様々な寸法のマイクロカップアレイを同じ手順で製造することができた。
6.42グラムのTiピュアR706を、1.94グラムのフルオロールインクD(オーシモント製)、0.22グラムのフルオロールインク7004(同じくオーシモント製)、0.37グラムのフッ素化銅フタロシアニン色素(3M製)および52.54グラムのパーフルオロ溶媒HT−200(オーシモント製)を含む溶液中にホモジナイザーで分散させた。
TiピュアR706およびフルオロールインクをポリマー被覆TiO2粒子PC−9003(エリメンティス(Elimentis、ニュージャージー州ヒューストン)製)およびクライトックス(デュポン製)でそれぞれ置換した以外は、実施例3の手順に従った。
実施例3で調製した電気泳動流体を、揮発性パーフルオロ共溶媒(または助溶剤)FC−33(3M製)で希釈し、実施例2で製造した35ミクロン深さのマイクロカップアレイ上に被覆した。揮発性共溶媒を蒸発させて、部分的に充填されたマイクロカップアレイを現した。その後、万能ブレードアプリケータ(3ミル(mil)の開口部)を使用して、部分的に充填されたマイクロカップ(登録商標)上にヘプタン中のポリイソプレン(97%シス、アルドリッチ製)の7.5%溶液をオーバーコートした。その後、オーバーコートしたマイクロカップ(登録商標)を室温で乾燥させた。許容できる付着性および均一性を有する約7〜8ミクロン厚さ(乾燥時)の途切れのない(またはシームレスな)シーリング層がマイクロカップアレイ上に形成された。シール(または封止)したマイクロカップアレイに取り込まれた気泡は顕微鏡で観察されなかった。接着剤層を予めコートした第2のITO/PET導体を、シールしたマイクロカップ(登録商標)にラミネートした。電気泳動セルは良好な耐屈曲性を示すと共に、満足できるスイッチング特性を示した。66℃のオーブンで5日間のエージング後、重量損失は観測されなかった。
ブレードアプリケータ(2ミル(mil)の開口部)を使用して、ポリイソプレン層の厚さを4ミクロンにまで小さくしたこと以外は、実施例5の手順に従った。ピンホールおよびシーリング層の破れが顕微鏡下で明瞭に観察された。
シーリング層をポリスチレン、ポリビニルブチラール(ブトバー(Butvar)72(ソルティア・インク(Solutia Inc.、ミズーリ州セントルイス)製))、ならびにSIS(クラトン(Kraton)D1107、15%スチレン)、SBS(クラトンD1101、31%スチレン)、SEBS(クラトンG1650およびFG1901、30%スチレン)およびEPDM(ヴィスタロン(Vistalon)6505、57%エチレン)などの熱可塑性エラストマーでそれぞれ置換したこと以外は、実施例5の手順に従った。結果を表1にまとめる。表1から判るように、熱可塑性エラストマーにより、大きな開口部を有するマイクロカップ(登録商標)上であっても、より薄く、より高品質なシーリング(または封止)が可能となった。
Claims (31)
- 電気泳動セルを封止するのに適当な組成物であって、
a)セル内に収容される電気泳動流体と非混和性であり、および電気泳動流体の比重より小さい比重を示す溶媒または溶媒混合物と、
b)熱可塑性エラストマーと
を含み、
比重が電気泳動流体の比重より小さい組成物。 - 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物は35ダイン/cm未満の表面張力を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物は30ダイン/cm未満の表面張力を有する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物はアルカン、環式アルカン、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルエステルおよびC3〜5アルキルアルコールからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒はヘプタン、オクタン、ノナン、シクロヘキサン、デカリン、トルエン、キシレンおよびそれらの異性体ならびにそれらの混合物である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはABAおよび(AB)n型のジブロック、トリブロックおよびマルチブロックコポリマー(式中、
Aはスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、エチレン、プロピレンまたはノルボルネンであり、
Bはブタジエン、イソプレン、エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、ジメチルシロキサンまたはプロピレンスルフィドであり、AおよびBは同じでなく、および
n≧1である)からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。 - nは1〜10である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはポリ(スチレン−b−ブタジエン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−ブタジエン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−イソプレン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−エチレン/ブチレン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−ジメチルシロキサン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−イソプレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−イソプレン−b−α−メチルスチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−プロピレンスルフィド−b−α−メチルスチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−ジメチルシロキサン−b−α−メチルスチレン)およびそれらのグラフトコポリマーならびにそれらの誘導体である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはポリ(エチレン−コ−プロピレン−コ−5−メチレン−2−ノルボルネン)、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンターポリマーおよびそれらのグラフトコポリマーならびにそれらの誘導体である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 熱可塑性エラストマーのブロックの1つと相溶性である熱可塑性材料を更に含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 熱可塑性材料はポリスチレンおよびポリ(α−メチルスチレン)からなる群から選択される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 湿潤剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記湿潤剤は界面活性剤、ゾニル(ZONYL)フルオロ界面活性剤、フルオロアクリレート、フルオロメタクリレート、フッ素置換長鎖アルコール、パーフルオロ置換長鎖カルボン酸、シルウェット(SILWET)シリコーン界面活性剤およびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 次の薬剤:架橋剤、加硫剤、多官能性モノマーまたはオリゴマー、熱開始剤または光開始剤の1つまたはそれ以上を更に含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記架橋剤は4,4’−ジアジドジフェニルメタンまたは2,6−ジ−(4’−アジドベンザル)−4−メチルシクロヘキサノンなどのビスアジドであり、および前記加硫剤は2−ベンゾチアゾリルジスルフィドまたはテトラメチルチウラムジスルフィドなどのジスルフィドである、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 電気泳動ディスプレイを製造するための封止方法であって、
a)マイクロカップ(登録商標)のアレイに電気泳動流体を充填すること;
b)セル内に収容される電気泳動流体と非混和性であり、および電気泳動流体の比重より小さい比重を示す溶媒または溶媒混合物と、
熱可塑性エラストマーと
を含み、比重が電気泳動流体の比重より小さい封止組成物により電気泳動流体をオーバーコートすること;および
c)封止層を形成するように封止組成物を乾燥させること
を含む、方法。 - 封止層をUV照射または熱焼成に付すことを更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物は35ダイン/cm未満の表面張力を有する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物は30ダイン/cm未満の表面張力を有する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物はアルカン、環式アルカン、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルエステルおよびC3〜5アルキルアルコールからなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒はヘプタン、オクタン、ノナン、シクロヘキサン、デカリン、トルエン、キシレンおよびそれらの異性体ならびにそれらの混合物である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはABAおよび(AB)n型のジブロック、トリブロックおよびマルチブロックコポリマー(式中、
Aはスチレン、α−メチルスチレン、エチレン、プロピレンまたはノルボルネンであり、
Bはブタジエン、イソプレン、エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、ジメチルシロキサンまたはプロピレンスルフィドであり、AおよびBは同じでなく、および
n≧1である)からなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。 - nは1〜10である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはポリ(スチレン−b−ブタジエン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−ブタジエン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−イソプレン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−エチレン/ブチレン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(スチレン−b−ジメチルシロキサン−b−スチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−イソプレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−イソプレン−b−α−メチルスチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−プロピレンスルフィド−b−α−メチルスチレン)、ポリ(α−メチルスチレン−b−ジメチルシロキサン−b−α−メチルスチレン)およびそれらのグラフトコポリマーならびにそれらの誘導体である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記熱可塑性エラストマーはポリ(エチレン−コ−プロピレン−コ−5−メチレン−2−ノルボルネン)、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンターポリマーおよびそれらのグラフトコポリマーならびにそれらの誘導体である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 封止組成物は熱可塑性エラストマーのブロックの1つと相溶性である熱可塑性材料を更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 熱可塑性材料はポリスチレンおよびポリ(α−メチルスチレン)からなる群から選択される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 封止組成物は湿潤剤を更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記湿潤剤は界面活性剤、ゾニル(ZONYL)フルオロ界面活性剤、フルオロアクリレート、フルオロメタクリレート、フッ素置換長鎖アルコール、パーフルオロ置換長鎖カルボン酸、シルウェット(SILWET)シリコーン界面活性剤およびそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 封止組成物は次の薬剤:架橋剤、加硫剤、多官能性モノマーまたはオリゴマー、熱開始剤または光開始剤の1つまたはそれ以上を更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記架橋剤は4,4’−ジアジドジフェニルメタンまたは2,6−ジ−(4’−アジドベンザル)−4−メチルシクロヘキサノンなどのビスアジドであり、および前記加硫剤は2−ベンゾチアゾリルジスルフィドまたはテトラメチルチウラムジスルフィドなどのジスルフィドである、請求項30に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/874,391 US20020188053A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2001-06-04 | Composition and process for the sealing of microcups in roll-to-roll display manufacturing |
PCT/US2002/017632 WO2002098977A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-06-03 | Composition and process for the sealing of microcups in roll-to-roll display manufacturing |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005509690A JP2005509690A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
JP2005509690A5 JP2005509690A5 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
JP4322663B2 true JP4322663B2 (ja) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=25363637
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003502091A Expired - Lifetime JP4322663B2 (ja) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-06-03 | ロール・トゥ・ロール・ディスプレイ製造におけるマイクロカップの封止のための組成物および方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20020188053A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1401953A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4322663B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100859305B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1237140C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2448440A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA03011144A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI301211B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2002098977A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019126608A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic display device and electronic apparatus |
Families Citing this family (221)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6933098B2 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2005-08-23 | Sipix Imaging Inc. | Process for roll-to-roll manufacture of a display by synchronized photolithographic exposure on a substrate web |
US6930818B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2005-08-16 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US6833943B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2004-12-21 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US6788449B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2004-09-07 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US7408696B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2008-08-05 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Three-dimensional electrophoretic displays |
US6831770B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2004-12-14 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US7715088B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2010-05-11 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display |
US6947202B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2005-09-20 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display with sub relief structure for high contrast ratio and improved shear and/or compression resistance |
US6885495B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2005-04-26 | Sipix Imaging Inc. | Electrophoretic display with in-plane switching |
US6865012B2 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2005-03-08 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US20070237962A1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2007-10-11 | Rong-Chang Liang | Semi-finished display panels |
US8282762B2 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2012-10-09 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display and process for its manufacture |
US6795138B2 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2004-09-21 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display and novel process for its manufacture |
TW556044B (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2003-10-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Process for roll-to-roll manufacture of a display by synchronized photolithographic exposure on a substrate web |
US8361356B2 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2013-01-29 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Composition and process for the sealing of microcups in roll-to-roll display manufacturing |
US7244470B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2007-07-17 | Cantega Technologies Inc. | Protection of electrical power systems |
TW527529B (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2003-04-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved electrophoretic display with color filters |
US7492505B2 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2009-02-17 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display with dual mode switching |
TW550529B (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-09-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved electrophoretic display with dual-mode switching |
US7038670B2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2006-05-02 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display with dual mode switching |
TW539928B (en) | 2001-08-20 | 2003-07-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved transflective electrophoretic display |
TWI308231B (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2009-04-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Electrophoretic display |
JP2004004173A (ja) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-01-08 | Canon Inc | 電気泳動表示用分散液および電気泳動表示装置 |
US7038656B2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2006-05-02 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display with dual-mode switching |
US7271947B2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2007-09-18 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display with dual-mode switching |
TW575646B (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-02-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Novel adhesive and sealing layers for electrophoretic displays |
US7166182B2 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2007-01-23 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Adhesive and sealing layers for electrophoretic displays |
TWI300157B (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2008-08-21 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Electrochromic or electrodeposition display and process for their preparation |
US7616374B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2009-11-10 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic displays with improved high temperature performance |
TWI327251B (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2010-07-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Electrophoretic displays with improved high temperature performance |
TWI229230B (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2005-03-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
TWI297089B (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2008-05-21 | Sipix Imaging Inc | A composition for the preparation of microcups used in a liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal display comprising two or more layers of microcup array and process for its manufacture |
US8023071B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2011-09-20 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display |
US7572491B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2009-08-11 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Adhesive and sealing layers for electrophoretic displays |
US9346987B2 (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2016-05-24 | E Ink California, Llc | Adhesive and sealing layers for electrophoretic displays |
EP1666965A4 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-11-08 | Bridgestone Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IMAGE DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY PANEL THEREFOR |
US7177066B2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2007-02-13 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display driving scheme |
GB0327215D0 (en) * | 2003-11-22 | 2003-12-24 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Active matrix display device and method of producing the same |
US7279064B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2007-10-09 | Palo Alto Research Center, Incorporated | Method of sealing an array of cell microstructures using microencapsulated adhesive |
US9307648B2 (en) | 2004-01-21 | 2016-04-05 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Roll-to-roll patterning of transparent and metallic layers |
US20060033676A1 (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-16 | Kenneth Faase | Display device |
US8643595B2 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2014-02-04 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display driving approaches |
US7042614B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-09 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Spatial light modulator |
US7463409B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-12-09 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Flexible electrophoretic-type display |
GB0526230D0 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2006-02-01 | Eastman Kodak Co | Display devices |
CA2643510C (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2014-04-29 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Formation of pattern replicating tools |
US8111368B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2012-02-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Liquid crystal display |
US8029558B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2011-10-04 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent and catheter assembly and method for treating bifurcations |
US8830561B2 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2014-09-09 | E Ink California, Llc | Electrophoretic display |
US20080020007A1 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-24 | Zang Hongmei | Liquid-containing film structure |
US20150005720A1 (en) | 2006-07-18 | 2015-01-01 | E Ink California, Llc | Electrophoretic display |
WO2008014519A2 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Addressable flexible patterns |
EP2059848B1 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2010-12-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method for forming a sealed cell structure |
FR2910642B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-26 | 2009-03-06 | Essilor Int | Composant optique transparent a deux ensembles de cellules |
US8940117B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2015-01-27 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Methods and systems for forming flexible multilayer structures |
JP5157200B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社リコー | ハニカム構造シートの製造方法及び表示パネルの製造方法 |
US8274472B1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2012-09-25 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Driving methods for bistable displays |
US8243013B1 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2012-08-14 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Driving bistable displays |
US20080303780A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Driving methods and circuit for bi-stable displays |
FR2918463B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-12-18 | Essilor Int | Film transparent comprenant un film de base et un revetement |
US7656493B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2010-02-02 | Arthur Alan R | Pixel well electrodes |
KR20090061869A (ko) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-17 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 전기영동 디스플레이 및 그 형성 방법 |
KR20100138891A (ko) * | 2008-02-26 | 2010-12-31 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | 전기영동 디스플레이 장치 |
US8462102B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2013-06-11 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Driving methods for bistable displays |
CN102113046B (zh) * | 2008-08-01 | 2014-01-22 | 希毕克斯影像有限公司 | 用于电泳显示器的带有误差扩散的伽马调节 |
KR101331058B1 (ko) | 2008-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 라벤브릭 엘엘씨 | 열변색 필터를 제조하는 방법 |
DE102008047964A1 (de) | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Kapselung einer elektronischen Anordnung |
DE102008060113A1 (de) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-07-29 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Kapselung einer elektronischen Anordnung |
AU2010233076A1 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2011-11-10 | Ravenbrick, Llc | Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture |
US8947760B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2015-02-03 | Ravenbrick Llc | Thermotropic optical shutter incorporating coatable polarizers |
US9460666B2 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2016-10-04 | E Ink California, Llc | Driving methods and waveforms for electrophoretic displays |
US8436844B2 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2013-05-07 | Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. | Bi-stable display fail safes and devices incorporating the same |
JP5403363B2 (ja) | 2009-07-29 | 2014-01-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気泳動粒子を含む分散液の封入方法 |
JP5267955B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-27 | 2013-08-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 電気泳動表示装置の製造方法 |
JP5533384B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2014-06-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気泳動粒子を含む分散液を封入する封入方法 |
KR101526041B1 (ko) | 2010-06-01 | 2015-06-04 | 라벤브릭 엘엘씨 | 다기능 건축 부품 |
KR101209550B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-12-07 | 주식회사 이미지앤머터리얼스 | 전기 영동 디스플레이 장치, 이미지 시트 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
TWI442087B (zh) | 2010-10-27 | 2014-06-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 電濕潤顯示裝置及其非極性彩色溶液 |
US8845912B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2014-09-30 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Tools and methods for forming semi-transparent patterning masks |
EP2465426A1 (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-20 | General Electric Company | Biomedical sensor |
CN104536231B (zh) * | 2011-05-23 | 2017-10-10 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 电致变色显示器件、其制备方法、阴极结构及微格阵列 |
TW201327517A (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-01 | Fitipower Integrated Tech Inc | 電子裝置以及切換第一顯示單元及第二顯示單元的方法 |
TWI494679B (zh) | 2012-01-09 | 2015-08-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | 電泳顯示流體 |
JP5929239B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-27 | 2016-06-01 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気泳動分散液、電気泳動シート、電気泳動装置および電子機器 |
KR101391373B1 (ko) | 2012-02-24 | 2014-05-07 | 최명준 | 디스플레이 장치 봉지용 조성물, 디스플레이 장치의 봉지 방법 및 디스플레이 패널 |
DE102012203623A1 (de) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | Tesa Se | Verbundsystem zur Verkapselung elektronischer Anordnungen |
US9589797B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2017-03-07 | Microcontinuum, Inc. | Tools and methods for producing nanoantenna electronic devices |
JP2015018061A (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気泳動装置、電気泳動装置の製造方法、及び電子機器 |
US9188829B2 (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-11-17 | E Ink California, Llc | Electrophoretic display film for anti-counterfeit application |
JP2015075517A (ja) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-04-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電気泳動表示装置及び電気泳動表示装置の製造方法 |
US10324353B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2019-06-18 | Vlyte Innovations Limited | Wide operating temperature range electrophoretic device |
US10317767B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2019-06-11 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic display backplane structure with drive components and pixel electrodes on opposed surfaces |
JP6384011B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-04 | 2018-09-05 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 液晶素子 |
CN103941512B (zh) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 像素分隔墙的制作方法、阵列基板、以及amecd |
US9989798B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2018-06-05 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | Light controlling apparatus, method of fabricating the light controlling apparatus and transparent display device including the light controlling apparatus with transparent mode and light shielding mode |
TWI613498B (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2018-02-01 | 電子墨水加利福尼亞有限責任公司 | 用於電泳顯示器的各向異性傳導介電層 |
KR102314707B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-27 | 2021-10-20 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 광 제어 장치, 상기 광 제어 장치의 제조방법, 및 상기 광 제어 장치를 포함한 투명표시장치 |
KR101979778B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-16 | 2019-05-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 액정 소자 |
EP3345047A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2018-07-11 | E Ink Corporation | Electronically erasing a drawing device |
US10803813B2 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2020-10-13 | E Ink Corporation | Apparatus and methods for driving displays |
US11657774B2 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2023-05-23 | E Ink Corporation | Apparatus and methods for driving displays |
CN108028034B (zh) | 2015-09-16 | 2021-06-04 | 伊英克公司 | 用于驱动显示器的装置和方法 |
JP6717937B2 (ja) | 2015-10-30 | 2020-07-08 | イー インク コーポレイション | マイクロセル容器をフェネチルアミン混合物でシールする方法 |
US10795233B2 (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2020-10-06 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays |
US10209530B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-02-19 | E Ink Corporation | Three-dimensional display |
CA2914315C (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2023-04-25 | Nova Chemicals Corp. | Hot fill process with closures made from high density unimodal polyethylene |
CA2914353C (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2023-01-24 | Nova Chemicals Corp. | Hot fill process with closures made from high density polyethylene compositions |
CN105500710B (zh) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-01-18 | 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 | 三维成型材料、dlp三维打印机及其成型方法 |
CN108474991B (zh) * | 2016-01-17 | 2021-04-20 | 伊英克加利福尼亚有限责任公司 | 用于密封电泳显示器的多羟基组合物 |
US10061123B2 (en) | 2016-01-17 | 2018-08-28 | E Ink California, Llc | Surfactants for improving electrophoretic media performance |
WO2017156254A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
US10593272B2 (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2020-03-17 | E Ink Corporation | Drivers providing DC-balanced refresh sequences for color electrophoretic displays |
US10670892B2 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2020-06-02 | E Ink Corporation | Foldable electro-optic display apparatus |
CN109715717B (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2022-09-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有经增强的可交联性的星形及三嵌段聚合物 |
US10503041B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2019-12-10 | E Ink Corporation | Laminated electro-optic displays and methods of making same |
JP7139335B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-20 | 2022-09-20 | イー インク カリフォルニア, エルエルシー | 着色有機顔料およびこれを含む電気泳動ディスプレイ媒体 |
US10509294B2 (en) | 2017-01-25 | 2019-12-17 | E Ink Corporation | Dual sided electrophoretic display |
WO2018152041A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-23 | E Ink California, Llc | Polymer additives used in color electrophoretic display media |
WO2018160546A1 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | E Ink Corporation | Writeable electrophoretic displays including sensing circuits and styli configured to interact with sensing circuits |
CA3200340A1 (en) | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-13 | E Ink Corporation | Method and apparatus for rendering color images |
EP3593205A4 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2020-11-25 | E Ink California, LLC | PHOTOTHERMALLY INDUCED POLYMERIZATION INHIBITORS FOR ELECTROPHORETIC MEDIA |
US9995987B1 (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2018-06-12 | E Ink Corporation | Composite particles and method for making the same |
WO2018183240A1 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | E Ink Corporation | Porous backplane for electro-optic display |
US10832622B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2020-11-10 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
JP2020522730A (ja) | 2017-05-19 | 2020-07-30 | イー インク コーポレイション | デジタル化およびタッチ感知を含む折畳可能電気光学ディスプレイ |
US11404013B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2022-08-02 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays with resistors for discharging remnant charges |
US10573257B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2020-02-25 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays |
EP3639088B1 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2023-08-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic media including encapsulated pigments in gelatin binder |
CN115453796A (zh) | 2017-06-16 | 2022-12-09 | 伊英克公司 | 可变透射电泳装置 |
US10802373B1 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2020-10-13 | E Ink Corporation | Reflective microcells for electrophoretic displays and methods of making the same |
US10921676B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2021-02-16 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic medium |
JP7079845B2 (ja) | 2017-09-12 | 2022-06-02 | イー インク コーポレイション | 電気光学ディスプレイを駆動する方法 |
US11721295B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2023-08-08 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same |
US10698265B1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2020-06-30 | E Ink California, Llc | Quantum dot film |
US10824042B1 (en) | 2017-10-27 | 2020-11-03 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic display and composite materials having low thermal sensitivity for use therein |
US11079651B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-08-03 | E Ink Corporation | Multi-color electro-optic media |
US11422427B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2022-08-23 | E Ink Corporation | Applications of electro-optic displays |
US11248122B2 (en) | 2017-12-30 | 2022-02-15 | E Ink Corporation | Pigments for electrophoretic displays |
EP3743909A4 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2021-08-18 | E Ink Corporation | ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISPLAYS AND PROCEDURES FOR CONTROLLING THEM |
US11143929B2 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2021-10-12 | E Ink Corporation | Reflective electrophoretic displays including photo-luminescent material and color filter arrays |
US11175561B1 (en) | 2018-04-12 | 2021-11-16 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic display media with network electrodes and methods of making and using the same |
AU2019269644B2 (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2021-09-09 | E Ink Corporation | Piezo electrophoretic display |
WO2020005676A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | E Ink Corporation | Driving methods for variable transmission electro-phoretic media |
TWI727374B (zh) | 2018-07-25 | 2021-05-11 | 美商電子墨水股份有限公司 | 可撓性透明膨脹型塗佈物及包含其之複合物 |
JP2021532415A (ja) | 2018-08-07 | 2021-11-25 | イー インク コーポレイション | 可撓性カプセル型電気光学媒質 |
US11364566B2 (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2022-06-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Complex laser folding and fabrication |
US11397366B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2022-07-26 | E Ink California, Llc | Switchable light-collimating layer including bistable electrophoretic fluid |
US11314098B2 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2022-04-26 | E Ink California, Llc | Switchable light-collimating layer with reflector |
WO2020033787A1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | E Ink California, Llc | Driving waveforms for switchable light-collimating layer including bistable electrophoretic fluid |
US11493821B2 (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2022-11-08 | E Ink California, Llc | Piezo electrophoretic display |
WO2020060797A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | E Ink Corporation | Three-dimensional display apparatuses |
US11656522B2 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2023-05-23 | E Ink Corporation | Solar temperature regulation system for a fluid |
US11635640B2 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2023-04-25 | E Ink Corporation | Switching fibers for textiles |
WO2020072292A1 (en) | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic fiber and methods of making the same |
CN112912785B (zh) | 2018-10-30 | 2023-07-04 | 伊英克公司 | 电光介质和包含其的可写装置 |
WO2020097462A1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays |
US11249367B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2022-02-15 | E Ink Corporation | Pressure-sensitive writing media comprising electrophoretic materials |
US11402719B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2022-08-02 | E Ink Corporation | Retroreflective electro-optic displays |
CN113168063A (zh) | 2018-12-12 | 2021-07-23 | 伊英克公司 | 可食用的电极以及在电光显示器中的用途 |
CN113196134A (zh) | 2018-12-17 | 2021-07-30 | 伊英克公司 | 各向异性导电防潮膜以及包含其的电光组件 |
US10823373B2 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-11-03 | E Ink Corporation | Light emitting device including variable transmission film to control intensity and pattern |
US11521565B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2022-12-06 | E Ink Corporation | Crosstalk reduction for electro-optic displays |
WO2020142399A1 (en) | 2018-12-30 | 2020-07-09 | E Ink California, Llc | Electro-optic displays |
CN113330365B (zh) | 2019-02-25 | 2024-07-30 | 伊英克公司 | 复合电泳粒子和含有复合电泳粒子的可变透射膜 |
US11602806B2 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2023-03-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method and apparatus for performing contactless laser fabrication and propulsion of freely moving structures |
KR102340840B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-12-20 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 봉지 필름 |
US11456397B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2022-09-27 | E Ink Corporation | Energy harvesting electro-optic displays |
CN113574450B (zh) | 2019-03-29 | 2024-06-11 | 伊英克公司 | 电光显示器以及驱动电光显示器的方法 |
WO2020219274A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic particles, media, and displays and processes for the production thereof |
US11139594B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2021-10-05 | E Ink Corporation | Connectors for electro-optic displays |
EP3966628A4 (en) | 2019-05-07 | 2023-01-25 | E Ink Corporation | DRIVE METHOD FOR A VARIABLE LIGHT TRANSMITTER |
US11761123B2 (en) | 2019-08-07 | 2023-09-19 | E Ink Corporation | Switching ribbons for textiles |
EP4022389A4 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2023-08-16 | E Ink Corporation | ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE COMPRISING AN IDENTIFICATION MARKER |
TWI706194B (zh) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-10-01 | 友達光電股份有限公司 | 液晶面板及其製作方法 |
GB201914105D0 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2019-11-13 | Vlyte Innovations Ltd | A see-through electrophoretic device having a visible grid |
JP7383804B2 (ja) | 2019-10-07 | 2023-11-20 | イー インク コーポレイション | ポリウレタンとカチオン性ドーパントとを含む接着剤組成物 |
EP4058844A4 (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2024-01-24 | E Ink Corporation | ELECTROOPTICAL MEDIA WITH OPPOSITELY CHARGED PARTICLES AND VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DEVICE CONTAINING SAME |
EP4059006A4 (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2023-12-06 | E Ink Corporation | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISPLAYS |
CN114667561B (zh) | 2019-11-18 | 2024-01-05 | 伊英克公司 | 用于驱动电光显示器的方法 |
EP4078276A4 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2024-05-29 | E Ink Corporation | AUTOSTEREOSCOPICAL DEVICES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING 3D IMAGES |
WO2021133541A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | E Ink Corporation | Transferable light-transmissive electrode films for electro-optic devices |
JP7416966B2 (ja) | 2020-02-06 | 2024-01-17 | イー インク コーポレイション | 有機顔料コアと薄金属酸化物層およびシラン層を伴うシェルとを有する電気泳動コアシェル粒子 |
GB2593150A (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-22 | Vlyte Ltd | A light modulator having bonded structures embedded in its viewing area |
WO2021247450A1 (en) | 2020-05-31 | 2021-12-09 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same |
EP4162318A4 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2024-07-17 | E Ink Corp | FOLDABLE ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY MODULE INCLUDING NON-CONDUCTIVE SUPPORT PLATE |
WO2021247991A1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-09 | E Ink California, Llc | Electrophoretic display device |
US11520202B2 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2022-12-06 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same |
KR20230025017A (ko) | 2020-07-22 | 2023-02-21 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 통합된 전도성 에지 시일을 포함하는 전기 광학 디바이스 및 그 제조 방법 |
US11846863B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2023-12-19 | E Ink Corporation | Coordinated top electrode—drive electrode voltages for switching optical state of electrophoretic displays using positive and negative voltages of different magnitudes |
AU2021345023B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2023-12-21 | E Ink Corporation | Four particle electrophoretic medium providing fast, high-contrast optical state switching |
AU2021344334B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2023-12-07 | E Ink Corporation | Improved driving voltages for advanced color electrophoretic displays and displays with improved driving voltages |
EP4222732A4 (en) | 2020-10-01 | 2024-09-25 | E Ink Corp | ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICES AND METHODS OF DRIVING THEM |
CN116490913A (zh) | 2020-11-02 | 2023-07-25 | 伊英克公司 | 用于在多色电泳显示器中实现原色集的增强型推挽(epp)波形 |
EP4237909A4 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2024-05-22 | E Ink Corporation | CONTROL SEQUENCES FOR REMOVING PREVIOUS STATE INFORMATION FROM ELECTROPHORETIC COLOR DISPLAYS |
CN116601699A (zh) | 2020-12-08 | 2023-08-15 | 伊英克公司 | 用于驱动电光显示器的方法 |
US12131713B2 (en) | 2021-02-09 | 2024-10-29 | E Ink Corporation | Continuous waveform driving in multi-color electrophoretic displays |
KR20230155569A (ko) | 2021-04-29 | 2023-11-10 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 4 입자 전기 영동 디스플레이에 대한 분해 구동 시퀀스 |
EP4348345A1 (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2024-04-10 | E Ink Corporation | Synchronized driving waveforms for four-particle electrophoretic displays |
TWI846017B (zh) | 2021-08-18 | 2024-06-21 | 美商電子墨水股份有限公司 | 用於驅動電光顯示器的方法 |
AU2022339893A1 (en) | 2021-09-06 | 2024-01-25 | E Ink Corporation | Method for driving electrophoretic display device |
WO2023043714A1 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-23 | E Ink Corporation | Coordinated top electrode - drive electrode voltages for switching optical state of electrophoretic displays using positive and negative voltages of different magnitudes |
US11830448B2 (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2023-11-28 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
WO2023121833A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | E Ink Corporation | A multi-layer device comprising a repair layer having conductive a hydrogel film or beads |
US11922893B2 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-05 | E Ink Corporation | High voltage driving using top plane switching with zero voltage frames between driving frames |
US20230197024A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-22 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
KR20240093986A (ko) | 2021-12-27 | 2024-06-24 | 이 잉크 코포레이션 | 전기-광학 디스플레이의 전기적 특성을 측정하기 위한 방법 |
CN118451364A (zh) | 2022-01-04 | 2024-08-06 | 伊英克公司 | 包括电泳粒子和电荷控制剂组合的电泳介质 |
CN118715890A (zh) | 2022-02-28 | 2024-09-27 | 伊英克公司 | 包含离子液体的压电膜和包含所述压电膜的电泳显示膜 |
US20230273495A1 (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | E Ink California, Llc | Piezo-electrophoretic film including patterned piezo polarities for creating images via electrophoretic media |
US11830449B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 | 2023-11-28 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays |
US20230324761A1 (en) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | E Ink California, Llc | Water-resistant sealing layer for sealing microcells of electro-optic devices |
US20230333437A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | E Ink Corporation | Display material including patterned areas of encapsulated electrophoretic media |
US11984088B2 (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2024-05-14 | E Ink Corporation | Color displays configured to convert RGB image data for display on advanced color electronic paper |
US20240004255A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | E Ink Corporation | Sealing Films and Sealing Compositions for Sealing Microcells of Electro-Optic Devices |
WO2024044119A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2024-02-29 | E Ink Corporation | Transitional driving modes for impulse balancing when switching between global color mode and direct update mode for electrophoretic displays |
US20240233662A9 (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2024-07-11 | E Ink Corporation | Methods for driving electro-optic displays |
WO2024145318A1 (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-04 | E Ink Corporation | A variable light transmission device and a method of operation of the same |
WO2024145345A1 (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-04 | E Ink Corporation | A variable light transmission device comprising electrophoretic medium having a compination of light reflective and light absorbing pigment particles |
WO2024145324A1 (en) | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-04 | E Ink Corporation | A variable light transmission device and a method of manufacture of the same |
US20240257773A1 (en) | 2023-01-27 | 2024-08-01 | E Ink Corporation | Multi-element pixel electrode circuits for electro-optic displays and methods for driving the same |
WO2024182264A1 (en) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-09-06 | E Ink Corporation | Drive scheme for improved color gamut in color electrophoretic displays |
Family Cites Families (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3612758A (en) | 1969-10-03 | 1971-10-12 | Xerox Corp | Color display device |
US3668106A (en) * | 1970-04-09 | 1972-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electrophoretic display device |
IT1031474B (it) | 1974-02-12 | 1979-04-30 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | Fluido di lavoro per dispositivi elettroforetici di prese ntazione visuale delle immagini |
US4071430A (en) | 1976-12-06 | 1978-01-31 | North American Philips Corporation | Electrophoretic image display having an improved switching time |
US4411115A (en) * | 1978-04-05 | 1983-10-25 | Usm Corporation | Spacer frames for multi-pane glazing units |
US4285801A (en) | 1979-09-20 | 1981-08-25 | Xerox Corporation | Electrophoretic display composition |
US4721739A (en) | 1982-07-01 | 1988-01-26 | Bic Corp. | Erasable ink compositions |
JPS59171930A (ja) | 1983-03-18 | 1984-09-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電気泳動表示素子 |
US4741988A (en) | 1985-05-08 | 1988-05-03 | U.S. Philips Corp. | Patterned polyimide film, a photosensitive polyamide acid derivative and an electrophoretic image-display cell |
US4680103A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1987-07-14 | Epid. Inc. | Positive particles in electrophoretic display device composition |
US5360026A (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1994-11-01 | Oral Logic, Inc. | Tooth cleaning device and method |
US4881996A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-11-21 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Splice adhesive for EDPM roofing and splicing method employing same |
US5326865A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1994-07-05 | Hercules Incorporated | Arylazo and poly(arylazo) dyes having at least one core radical selected from naphthyl or anthracyl and having at least one 2,3-dihydro-1,3-dialkyl perimidine substituent |
US5124405A (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-06-23 | Shell Oil Company | Method of chemically crosslinking unsaturated polymers |
US5352531A (en) | 1990-12-20 | 1994-10-04 | Ozko, Inc. | Coating solution for treating basement walls |
JP2994750B2 (ja) | 1991-08-29 | 1999-12-27 | コピイテル,インコーポレイテッド | 内部メッシュ背景スクリーンを有する電気泳動表示パネル |
US5234987A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1993-08-10 | Adco Products, Inc. | Solvent-based adhesive composition for roofing membranes |
US5279511A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1994-01-18 | Copytele, Inc. | Method of filling an electrophoretic display |
CA2162874A1 (en) | 1993-05-21 | 1994-12-08 | Wei-Hsin Hou | Methods of preparing electrophoretic dispersions containing two types of particles with different colors and opposite charges |
US5380362A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-01-10 | Copytele, Inc. | Suspension for use in electrophoretic image display systems |
US5403518A (en) | 1993-12-02 | 1995-04-04 | Copytele, Inc. | Formulations for improved electrophoretic display suspensions and related methods |
US5492963A (en) | 1994-01-11 | 1996-02-20 | Lord Corporation | Overcoat and adhesive compositions based on chlorinated polyolefins having high chlorine contents |
US5699097A (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1997-12-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Display medium and method for display therewith |
EP0760872A4 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1997-12-10 | Copytele Inc | FLUORINATED DIELECTRIC SUSPENSIONS FOR ELECTROPHORETIC IMAGE DISPLAY AND METHOD |
DE19517915A1 (de) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-21 | Elringklinger Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von elastomerbeschichteten Metallagendichtungen |
US6120839A (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2000-09-19 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same |
US6017584A (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2000-01-25 | E Ink Corporation | Multi-color electrophoretic displays and materials for making the same |
US6120588A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2000-09-19 | E Ink Corporation | Electronically addressable microencapsulated ink and display thereof |
US5932648A (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1999-08-03 | Shell Oil Company | Low VOC, high solids fumigation adhesive composition |
GB2314845A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-14 | Shell Int Research | Primer composition |
US5930026A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1999-07-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Nonemissive displays and piezoelectric power supplies therefor |
WO1998040435A1 (fr) * | 1997-03-11 | 1998-09-17 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Couche mince elastomere conductrice, son procede de production et composition elastomere conductrice |
US5961804A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-10-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Microencapsulated electrophoretic display |
US6067185A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-05-23 | E Ink Corporation | Process for creating an encapsulated electrophoretic display |
CA2307580A1 (en) | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-14 | Cabot Corporation | Particles having an attached stable free radical, polymerized modified particles, and methods of making the same |
GB2332202A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-16 | Courtaulds Coatings | Curable epoxy resin compositions |
US5914806A (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-06-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Stable electrophoretic particles for displays |
DE69940112D1 (de) | 1998-04-27 | 2009-01-29 | E Ink Corp | Als lichtverschluss arbeitende mikroverkapselte elektrophoretische bildanzeige |
US6184856B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2001-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transmissive electrophoretic display with laterally adjacent color cells |
US6312304B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2001-11-06 | E Ink Corporation | Assembly of microencapsulated electronic displays |
US6327072B1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2001-12-04 | E Ink Corporation | Microcell electrophoretic displays |
JP2001056653A (ja) * | 1999-06-11 | 2001-02-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電気泳動表示用表示液、表示粒子及び、それらを利用した表示媒体、表示装置、表示方法、表示カード、記録シート、ディスプレイ、可逆表示型看板 |
AU5779200A (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-22 | E-Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic medium provided with spacers |
US6337761B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2002-01-08 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Electrophoretic display and method of making the same |
US6933098B2 (en) * | 2000-01-11 | 2005-08-23 | Sipix Imaging Inc. | Process for roll-to-roll manufacture of a display by synchronized photolithographic exposure on a substrate web |
US6930818B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2005-08-16 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US6788449B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2004-09-07 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture |
US6750844B2 (en) * | 2000-06-14 | 2004-06-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophoretic display device and process for production thereof |
TW527529B (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-04-11 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved electrophoretic display with color filters |
TW539928B (en) * | 2001-08-20 | 2003-07-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | An improved transflective electrophoretic display |
TWI308231B (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2009-04-01 | Sipix Imaging Inc | Electrophoretic display |
-
2001
- 2001-06-04 US US09/874,391 patent/US20020188053A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-21 TW TW090123324A patent/TWI301211B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-10-17 CN CNB011364483A patent/CN1237140C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-06-03 EP EP02737371A patent/EP1401953A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-03 WO PCT/US2002/017632 patent/WO2002098977A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-06-03 KR KR1020037015909A patent/KR100859305B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-06-03 CA CA002448440A patent/CA2448440A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-03 MX MXPA03011144A patent/MXPA03011144A/es unknown
- 2002-06-03 JP JP2003502091A patent/JP4322663B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-16 US US10/222,454 patent/US7144942B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-16 US US10/222,297 patent/US7005468B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019126608A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | E Ink Corporation | Electrophoretic display device and electronic apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030035885A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
CN1389534A (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1401953A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US7144942B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
JP2005509690A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
CN1237140C (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
KR100859305B1 (ko) | 2008-09-19 |
US20030004254A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
US7005468B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
MXPA03011144A (es) | 2004-02-26 |
TWI301211B (en) | 2008-09-21 |
WO2002098977A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
CA2448440A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
KR20040006017A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
US20020188053A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4322663B2 (ja) | ロール・トゥ・ロール・ディスプレイ製造におけるマイクロカップの封止のための組成物および方法 | |
JP2005509690A5 (ja) | ||
US6795229B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display with sub relief structure for high contrast ratio and improved shear and/or compression resistance | |
US6885495B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display with in-plane switching | |
US6947202B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display with sub relief structure for high contrast ratio and improved shear and/or compression resistance | |
JP4370163B2 (ja) | カラーフィルタを有する電気泳動ディスプレイ | |
US6987605B2 (en) | Transflective electrophoretic display | |
US8361356B2 (en) | Composition and process for the sealing of microcups in roll-to-roll display manufacturing | |
JP4093958B2 (ja) | インプレーンスイッチング電気泳動ディスプレイ | |
US6788449B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display and novel process for its manufacture | |
US7233429B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display | |
JP2004536344A5 (ja) | ||
JP2004537756A5 (ja) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20050602 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20050602 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20080528 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080610 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20080909 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20080917 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20081009 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20090519 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20090603 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 4322663 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120612 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120612 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130612 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |