JP4290524B2 - 燃料電池用カソード触媒 - Google Patents
燃料電池用カソード触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4290524B2 JP4290524B2 JP2003363734A JP2003363734A JP4290524B2 JP 4290524 B2 JP4290524 B2 JP 4290524B2 JP 2003363734 A JP2003363734 A JP 2003363734A JP 2003363734 A JP2003363734 A JP 2003363734A JP 4290524 B2 JP4290524 B2 JP 4290524B2
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- iron
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 118
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 111
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 52
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 14
- CMHKGULXIWIGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Pt] Chemical compound [Fe].[Pt] CMHKGULXIWIGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ICMMKJOWXCBNJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [W].[Fe].[Pt] Chemical compound [W].[Fe].[Pt] ICMMKJOWXCBNJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- HUZUGBHWXHUABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[Fe].[Ti] Chemical compound [Pt].[Fe].[Ti] HUZUGBHWXHUABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ORGNETCLINKHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Fe].[Pt] Chemical compound [Mo].[Fe].[Pt] ORGNETCLINKHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H molybdenum;hexachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mo] PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 that is Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZAFTJKAERNNHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Re].[Pt] Chemical compound [Fe].[Re].[Pt] GZAFTJKAERNNHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUEXUWSDTDFUNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[W].[Fe].[Pt] Chemical compound [Mo].[W].[Fe].[Pt] YUEXUWSDTDFUNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8906—Iron and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
白金3.6gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液1.0Lにカーボン粉末6.0gを加えて、カーボン粉末をこの溶液中に十分に分散した。そしてこのカーボン粉末が分散した溶液を濾過洗浄して白金を担持したカーボン粉末を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法で、白金3.7gと鉄0.2gを6.0gのカーボン粉末に担持した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、白金3.6gと鉄0.2gを6.0gのカーボン粉末に担持した。
白金3.7gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液1.0Lにカーボン粉末6.0gを加えて、カーボン粉末をこの溶液中に十分に分散した。そしてこのカーボン粉末が分散した溶液に0.2gの鉄を含む硝酸鉄水溶液0.1Lと0.1gのチタンを含む塩化チタン水溶液を添加した。更にこの水溶液に質量パーセント濃度で6%のアンモニア水を滴下してpH(Hydrogen ion exponent)を6.0〜8.0に調整した。そしてこの水溶液を濾過洗浄し、白金と鉄とチタンとを担持したカーボン粉末を得た。
実施例4と同様の方法で白金3.6gと鉄0.2gを含む溶液に6.0gのカーボン粉末を懸濁した。即ち白金3.6gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液1.0Lにカーボン粉末6.0gを加えて、カーボン粉末をこの溶液中に十分に分散した。そしてこのカーボン粉末が分散した溶液に0.2gの鉄を含む硝酸鉄水溶液0.1Lを添加した。そして塩化チタン水溶液に代えて、0.2gのモリブデンを含む塩化モリブデン水溶液を添加した。更にこの水溶液に質量パーセント濃度で6%のアンモニア水を滴下してpH(Hydrogen ion exponent)を6.0〜8.0に調整した。そしてこの水溶液を濾過洗浄し、白金と鉄とモリブデンとを担持したカーボン粉末を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法で、白金3.6gと鉄0.2gを6.0gのカーボン粉末に担持した。
実施例6と同様の方法で、白金3.8gと鉄0.2gを6.0gのカーボン粉末に担持した。
得られた白金合金担持カーボン触媒粉末(1)〜(7)を用いて、以下のように固体高分子型燃料電池用のカソードを形成した。即ち上述のようにして得られた白金合金担持カーボン触媒粉末(1)〜(7)をナフィオン10%溶液(アルドリッチ社製)と有機溶媒に分散した。そしてこの分散液をカーボンクロスに塗布してカソードを形成した。このカソードの1cm2当たりの白金合金担持カーボン触媒粉末の量は0.3mgであった。
Claims (3)
- 燃料電池のカソードに用いられる燃料電池用カソード触媒であって、
白金と、鉄と、更に鉄と親和性を有する第三成分であるタングステン、チタン及びモリブデンのうちの1種以上の元素とからなる合金からなる担持層と、
該担持層を担持する担体とを含み、
鉄及び前記第三成分の含有量は、100重量部の白金に対して、各々0.5〜10重量部及び5〜50重量部であることを特徴とする燃料電池用カソード触媒。 - 前記担体はカーボン粉末である請求項1記載の燃料電池用カソード触媒。
- 前記燃料電池は、高分子電解質型燃料電池である請求項1〜2記載の燃料電池用カソード触媒。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003363734A JP4290524B2 (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | 燃料電池用カソード触媒 |
US10/967,200 US7241717B2 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-19 | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
EP04025065A EP1526592B1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-21 | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
DE602004017103T DE602004017103D1 (de) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-21 | Kathodenkatalysator für Brennstoffzelle |
CA002485877A CA2485877C (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-22 | Cathode catalyst for fuel cell |
CNB2004100863286A CN1300878C (zh) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-25 | 燃料电池用阴极催化剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003363734A JP4290524B2 (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | 燃料電池用カソード触媒 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2005129358A JP2005129358A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
JP4290524B2 true JP4290524B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
Family
ID=34386534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003363734A Expired - Fee Related JP4290524B2 (ja) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | 燃料電池用カソード触媒 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7241717B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1526592B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4290524B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1300878C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2485877C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004017103D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4776240B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-28 | 2011-09-21 | 株式会社キャタラー | 電極触媒、その製造方法及び燃料電池 |
US8062552B2 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2011-11-22 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction with reduced platinum oxidation and dissolution rates |
JP2007134295A (ja) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-05-31 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極触媒ならびにその製造方法 |
US7704628B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2010-04-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Platinum, titanium, cobalt and palladium containing electrocatalysts |
JP5425472B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-06 | 2014-02-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | プラチナおよびチタンを含有する電極触媒 |
US7691522B2 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2010-04-06 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Platinum, titanium and copper, manganese and iron containing electrocatalysts |
US7740975B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2010-06-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Platinum and titanium containing electrocatalysts |
US7318977B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2008-01-15 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Platinum and titanium containing electrocatalysts |
KR100740125B1 (ko) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-07-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 캐소드 촉매 및 이를 포함하는 연료 전지용막-전극 어셈블리 |
KR100766975B1 (ko) | 2006-04-27 | 2007-10-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 캐소드 촉매, 및 이를 포함하는 연료 전지용막-전극 어셈블리, 및 연료전지 시스템 |
KR100728185B1 (ko) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-06-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 캐소드 촉매, 이를 포함하는 연료 전지용막-전극 어셈블리 및 연료 전지 시스템 |
KR100728182B1 (ko) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-06-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 캐소드 촉매, 이를 포함하는 연료 전지용막-전극 어셈블리, 및 이를 포함하는 연료 전지 시스템 |
US7871954B2 (en) * | 2006-07-10 | 2011-01-18 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Synthesis of carbon supported platinum-tungsten electrocatalysts |
US7824947B2 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2010-11-02 | Solopower, Inc. | Method to improve flexible foil substrate for thin film solar cell applications |
JP5032250B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-21 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社東芝 | メタノール酸化触媒およびその製造方法 |
JP5486827B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-07 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 白金−鉄合金微粉末の製造方法 |
JP5544080B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2014-07-09 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 原子価が低いチタン原子を含む微粒子の製造方法 |
US20100304960A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Tetsuo Kawamura | Alloy fuel cell catalysts |
JP6026793B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-17 | 2016-11-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 電極用触媒及びその製造方法 |
CN103263934A (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-08-28 | 苏州诺信创新能源有限公司 | 燃料电池催化剂的制作方法 |
CN111617774B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-11-08 | 贵州大学 | 层级结构的四元铂铁铑钌纳米合金的合成及应用 |
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CA2485877C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
JP2005129358A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
US7241717B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 |
CA2485877A1 (en) | 2005-04-23 |
CN1610159A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1526592B1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
US20050164074A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1526592A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
DE602004017103D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
CN1300878C (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
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