JP4275216B2 - 電気コンタクトの形成方法 - Google Patents
電気コンタクトの形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4275216B2 JP4275216B2 JP15378198A JP15378198A JP4275216B2 JP 4275216 B2 JP4275216 B2 JP 4275216B2 JP 15378198 A JP15378198 A JP 15378198A JP 15378198 A JP15378198 A JP 15378198A JP 4275216 B2 JP4275216 B2 JP 4275216B2
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- layer
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- forming
- semiconductor substrate
- gold
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000927 Ge alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BYDQGSVXQDOSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ge].[Au] Chemical compound [Ge].[Au] BYDQGSVXQDOSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 SiO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、一般に半導体に関し、さらに詳しくは、半導体処理技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来、半導体産業では、電気的コンタクトは半導体ウェハまたは半導体ダイの裏側に形成された。このようなコンタクトを形成するための技術の1つは、半導体ウェハの裏側をまず研磨して半導体ウェハを薄くするあるいは厚みを小さくすることである。研磨動作中は、半導体ウェハ前面の能動装置は保護のための保護テープにより覆われる。研磨動作の後で、テープは除去される。その後、半導体ウェハの裏側がフッ化水素酸によりエッチングされて、その表面を電気的コンタクトとして供する準備が行われる。次に、チタン,ニッケルおよび金−ゲルマニウム合金の連続的デポジションを用いて、コンタクト材料が付着される。
【0003】
この方法に伴う問題点の1つは、コンタクトの剥離である。コンタクトが、下にある半導体表面に接着せずに、半導体表面から剥離することがよく起こる。この剥離により結果的に欠陥装置になり、製造コストが上がる。
【0004】
従って、半導体表面に接着するコンタクトが得られるコンタクト形成方法を有することが望ましい。
【0005】
【実施例】
図1は、半導体ウェハに接着するコンタクトを形成する方法の段階のいくつかを示す流れ図10である。図2は、図1に示される方法により処理される半導体ウェハ20の一部分の断面図である。ウェハ20は、上面または前面23と底面または裏面24とを有する基板21を具備する。流れ図10に示される薄化動作に先立ち、半導体ダイに分割される能動半導体装置22を前面23上に有するように、半導体ウェハ20を処理する。保護テープ(図示せず)が前面23に貼られて、装置22を保護する。その後、図1に示されるように裏面24において薄化動作が実行されて、ウェハ20の厚みを小さくする。通常、薄化動作とは半導体技術者には周知の研磨動作である。
【0006】
次に、表面洗浄動作を利用して、裏面24をその後の電気コンタクト26としての用途に備えて準備する。表面洗浄動作には、バルク・シリコン除去段階,ステイン・エッチングおよび剥離動作が含まれる。バルク・シリコン除去段階は、硝酸,フッ化水素酸および酢酸を含む溶液に裏面24を晒す段階を含む。通常、濃度は約5:2:2で、晒し時間は約15ないし50秒で、好ましくは約30秒である。晒し時間も濃度も可変である。この動作は、薄化動作により起こる裏面24上の損傷を除去する。このバルク・シリコン除去により、一般に約10ミクロン未満が裏面24から除去される。
【0007】
バルク・シリコン除去の動作後、裏面24はSiO ,SiO2,SiO3,Si2OならびにSiHXなど種々のシリコン酸化物を有する。通常、これら材料が種々に結合して、暗色の表面を形成し、これを一般にステインと呼ぶ。このステインは、通常は、後に付着されるコンタクト材料の付着力を確保するために除去しなければならない。その結果、裏面24を水,過酸化水素およびフッ化アンモニウムを10:1:1ないし8:1:1の割合で含む溶液に約15分間晒すことにより、ステイン・エッチング動作が実行される。このステイン・エッチング除去動作により、ある程度のシリコン酸化物が表面上に残ることがある。その結果、裏面24をフッ化アンモニウムとフッ化水素とを15:1ないし20:1の割合で含む溶液に約1分ないし4分、好ましくは2分間晒すことにより酸化物剥離動作が実行される。
【0008】
その後、保護テープを剥がし、化学量論的二酸化シリコン層27を裏面24上に形成する。通常、層27は裏面24全部を覆うが、図2に図示されるようにその一部分に限られることもある。半導体装置22は表面23上に形成されるので、層27が蒸着またはデポジション法により形成されると、装置22が損傷を受けることがある。その結果、化学量論的二酸化シリコン層27を形成するために化学的酸化を利用する。裏面24は、約80:1ないし100:1の濃度を有する水とフッ化水素の溶液に約10秒ないし90秒、好ましくは30秒間晒される。この溶液は希釈液であるので、半導体ウェハ20の前面を損傷することはない。この溶液が、前動作の後で裏面24上に形成された可能性のある酸化物をすべて除去する。裏面24上に形成された可能性のある酸化物がすべて除去される限り、晒し時間と濃度とを変えることができる。その後、裏面24を、濃度が8:1:1ないし10:1:1である水,無水リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)および過酸化水素の溶液に、約1ないし10分間晒すことにより酸化物成長段階が実行される。この溶液が裏面24上に化学量論的二酸化シリコン層27を成長させる。層27の厚みは、以下に説明する電流に対する抵抗を最小限に抑えるために約1ナノメータ以下に制限される。層27が所望の厚みを得る限り、時間と濃度とを変えることができる。
【0009】
次に、化学量論的二酸化シリコン層27の上にコンタクト26が形成され、下に存在する半導体ウェハに対する電気的コンタクトを形成する。しかし、二酸化シリコンは絶縁物であることが当業者には一般的に知られており、電気的コンタクトを形成するために絶縁物を用いることはない。その結果、コンタクト材料と半導体表面との間に化学量論的二酸化シリコンなどの誘電性物質を形成することは、当業者の通常の教義には反し、予測のつかない結果を招く。層27は、その後に形成されるコンタクト26がウェハ20に確実に接着するようにして、それにより製造コストを下げるのに役立つ。しかし、層27の厚みを最小限に抑えても、依然として電流のための低抵抗経路ができる。
【0010】
チタン層,ニッケル層および金−ゲルマニウム合金層を当業者には周知の技術を利用して付着することにより、化学量論的二酸化シリコン層27にコンタクト材料が付着される。次に、金−ゲルマニウム合金の一部を金に転化することによりコンタクト上にキャップ層が形成される。この金のキャップ層は、金−ゲルマニウム合金の酸化を防ぎ、それによってコンタクトと他の外部電気装置との間に良好な電気コンタクトが形成されるのを容易にする。キャップ層は、半導体ウェハまたはコンタクト26を、脱イオン水,無水リン酸アンモニウムおよび過酸化水素を約93:5:2ないし70:20:10,好ましくは85:10:5の濃度で含む溶液に、約30秒間晒すことにより形成される。この動作により、金−ゲルマニウム合金の一部分が酸化されて、酸化ゲルマニウムが形成され、この酸化ゲルマニウムが溶液中に溶けて、コンタクトの表面上に金を残す。金キャップ層の厚みは、通常70ないし80ナノメータで、一般的には100ナノメータ未満である。この厚みが、下に存在する金−ゲルマニウムの酸化を防ぎ、コンタクトに対して共晶結合が確実に形成されるようにすることを助ける。チタンの代わりに、クロミウム,アルミニウムおよびバナジウムを含む他の材料を使ってもよい。
【0011】
以上、半導体ウェハ上にコンタクトを形成する新規の方法が提供されたことが理解頂けよう。3段階の表面洗浄動作を利用することにより、非化学量論的シリコン酸化物がウェハの表面から確実に除去される。半導体ウェハの表面上に化学量論的二酸化シリコン層を形成することにより、コンタクト材料が確実に半導体ウェハに接着するようにする。コンタクト材料上に金のキャップを形成することにより、コンタクトに対する共晶結合が確実に形成されることを助ける。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明により、半導体ウェハ上にコンタクトを形成する段階のいくつかを示す流れ図である。
【図2】本発明による半導体ウェハの断面部である。
【符号の説明】
20 半導体ウェハ
21 半導体基板
22 能動装置
23 前面
24 半導体表面
26 電気コンタクト
27 誘電層
Claims (2)
- コンタクトを形成する方法であって:
ある表面を有する半導体基板(20)を準備する段階;
湿式化学的酸化を利用して前記半導体基板の前記表面上に化学量論的二酸化シリコン(27)層を形成する段階、および前記湿式化学的酸化を利用する前に、前記半導体基板の前記表面を洗浄する段階であって、前記基板の洗浄は硝酸,フッ化水素酸および酢酸を含む溶液を用いてバルク・シリコン除去段階を実行し、次に水,過酸化水素およびフッ化アンモニウムを含む溶液を用いてステイン・エッチングを行い、次にフッ化アンモニウムおよびフッ化水素を含む溶液を用いて剥離動作を行う、段階を含む洗浄段階;および
前記化学量論的二酸化シリコン層の上にコンタクト材料(26)を形成する段階であって、前記コンタクト材料は前記コンタクト材料と下層の前記半導体基板との間で前記化学量論的二酸化シリコン層を通して電流が流れることができるようにするための前記半導体基板への電気的コンタクトを形成する、段階;
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記コンタクト材料を形成する段階は:
前記半導体基板(20)に対する電気的コンタクトを提供する多層金属コンタクト(26)を形成する段階であって、前記金属コンタクトがチタン層,ニッケル層および金−ゲルマニウム合金層を含む、ところの段階;および
前記金−ゲルマニウム合金層の一部分からゲルマニウムを除去することにより、前記部分を金に転化する段階;
を具備することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
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US858417 | 1997-05-19 | ||
US08/858,417 US6248664B1 (en) | 1997-05-19 | 1997-05-19 | Method of forming a contact |
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JP4275216B2 true JP4275216B2 (ja) | 2009-06-10 |
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JP (1) | JP4275216B2 (ja) |
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KR20200029131A (ko) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-18 | 김상경 | 나노카본 원단을 이용한 차량용 파워윈도우 스위치 접점 |
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DE10003539A1 (de) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-02 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Halbleiterbauelement mit Metallschicht |
US6444402B1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2002-09-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of making differently sized vias and lines on the same lithography level |
JP4955264B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-11 | 2012-06-20 | エルピーダメモリ株式会社 | 多孔質単結晶層を備えた半導体チップおよびその製造方法 |
JP4677331B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-04-27 | エルピーダメモリ株式会社 | 島状の分散構造を備えた半導体チップおよびその製造方法 |
US7591956B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2009-09-22 | OMG Electronic Chemicals, Inc. | Method and composition for selectively stripping nickel from a substrate |
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JPS497870B1 (ja) * | 1969-06-06 | 1974-02-22 | ||
US3735483A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1973-05-29 | Gen Electric | Semiconductor passivating process |
US3896473A (en) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-07-22 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Gallium arsenide schottky barrier avalance diode array |
US4374012A (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1983-02-15 | Raytheon Company | Method of making semiconductor device having improved Schottky-barrier junction |
JPS55153338A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-11-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | Surface treatment of semiconductor substrate |
US4534099A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1985-08-13 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Method of making multilayer photoelectrodes and photovoltaic cells |
US4737839A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1988-04-12 | Trilogy Computer Development Partners, Ltd. | Semiconductor chip mounting system |
US4776925A (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-10-11 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method of forming dielectric thin films on silicon by low energy ion beam bombardment |
US5508543A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-04-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Low voltage memory |
DE69502709T2 (de) * | 1994-10-18 | 1998-12-24 | Philips Electronics N.V., Eindhoven | Verfahren und herstellung einer dünnen silizium-oxid-schicht |
JPH09260405A (ja) * | 1996-03-27 | 1997-10-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体装置とその製造方法 |
-
1997
- 1997-05-19 US US08/858,417 patent/US6248664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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KR20200029131A (ko) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-18 | 김상경 | 나노카본 원단을 이용한 차량용 파워윈도우 스위치 접점 |
KR102101996B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-04-20 | 김상경 | 나노카본 원단을 이용한 차량용 파워윈도우 스위치 접점 |
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