JP4247504B2 - 脱アルミニウムゼオライトim−5 - Google Patents
脱アルミニウムゼオライトim−5 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4247504B2 JP4247504B2 JP01238098A JP1238098A JP4247504B2 JP 4247504 B2 JP4247504 B2 JP 4247504B2 JP 01238098 A JP01238098 A JP 01238098A JP 1238098 A JP1238098 A JP 1238098A JP 4247504 B2 JP4247504 B2 JP 4247504B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- group
- atomic ratio
- catalyst
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 81
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021472 group 8 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B titanium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JUWGUJSXVOBPHP-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum tetramine complexes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/026—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9700863A FR2758810B1 (fr) | 1997-01-24 | 1997-01-24 | Zeolithe im-5 desaluminee |
FR9700863 | 1997-01-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH10236819A JPH10236819A (ja) | 1998-09-08 |
JP4247504B2 true JP4247504B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
Family
ID=9503020
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP01238098A Expired - Fee Related JP4247504B2 (ja) | 1997-01-24 | 1998-01-26 | 脱アルミニウムゼオライトim−5 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5968475A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0855218B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4247504B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69805015T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2176918T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2758810B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2758817B1 (fr) * | 1997-01-24 | 1999-09-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de craquage de charges hydrocarbonees a l'aide d'un catalyseur comprenant une zeolithe im-5 eventuellement desaluminee |
NL1014299C2 (nl) | 1999-02-24 | 2001-03-26 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Werkwijze voor hydrokraken met een katalysator, die een zeoliet IM-5 bevat en katalysator, die een zeoliet IM-5 en een promotor-element bevat. |
FR2790001B1 (fr) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-04-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'hydrocraquage avec un catalyseur comprenant une zeolithe im-5 et catalyseur comprenant une zeolithe im-5 et un element promoteur |
FR2794116B1 (fr) * | 1999-05-11 | 2001-07-20 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Zeolithe im-5 au phosphore, composition catalytique, sa preparation et son utilisation en craquage catalytique |
FR2922546B1 (fr) | 2007-10-22 | 2010-02-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Utilisation d'un catalyseur a base d'im-5 pour la transformation d'alcools ayant au moins deux atomes de carbone en base carburants diesel |
BRPI1102638B1 (pt) * | 2011-06-16 | 2020-10-20 | Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul | zeólita e materiais mesoporosos organizados como carga para a formulação de compostos de borracha, borracha termoplástica, plástico e fabricação de produtos |
CN103101926B (zh) | 2011-11-10 | 2014-10-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种空心球形im-5分子筛及其制备方法 |
CN103708491B (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-07-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 合成im-5分子筛的方法 |
CN111977668B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2022-08-30 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种im-5分子筛及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3832449A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1974-08-27 | Mobil Oil Corp | Crystalline zeolite zsm{14 12 |
NZ204091A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1986-03-14 | Mobil Oil Corp | Manufacture of synthetic crystalling zeolite beta with a low aluminium content |
US4557919A (en) * | 1983-04-12 | 1985-12-10 | Teijin Petrochemical Industries Ltd. | Production of crystalline zeolites |
US4579993A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1986-04-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalyst for methanol conversion by a combination of steaming and acid-extraction |
FR2575741B1 (fr) * | 1985-01-09 | 1990-03-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Obtention d'une offretite synthetique riche en silice. application a la production d'hydrocarbures riches en olefines legeres par transformation du methanol et/ou de dimethylether |
JPH0672012B2 (ja) * | 1985-02-28 | 1994-09-14 | 新燃料油開発技術研究組合 | 表層脱アルミニウムゼオライトおよびその製造法 |
US5043307A (en) * | 1986-01-03 | 1991-08-27 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Modified crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst and its use in the production of lubes of high viscosity index |
GB9013916D0 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1990-08-15 | Ici Plc | Zeolites |
FR2669618B1 (fr) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-05-07 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede de desalumination des zeolithes synthetiques a larges pores, catalyseurs et adsorbants organophiles selectifs renfermant les zeolithes desaluminees obtenues selon le procede et zeolithe beta essentiellement silicique. |
GB9116499D0 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1991-09-11 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Treatment method for zeolites |
US5242676A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1993-09-07 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Selective surface dealumination of zeolites using dicarboxylic acid |
US5512267A (en) * | 1993-09-15 | 1996-04-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Zeolite CIT-1 |
FR2752567B1 (fr) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-10-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Zeolithe nu-88, son procede de preparation et ses applications catalytiques |
FR2754809B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-21 | 2003-04-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Zeolithe im-5, son procede de preparation et ses applications catalytiques |
-
1997
- 1997-01-24 FR FR9700863A patent/FR2758810B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-20 EP EP98400099A patent/EP0855218B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-20 DE DE69805015T patent/DE69805015T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-20 ES ES98400099T patent/ES2176918T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-23 US US09/012,190 patent/US5968475A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-26 JP JP01238098A patent/JP4247504B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0855218A1 (fr) | 1998-07-29 |
DE69805015T2 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
ES2176918T3 (es) | 2002-12-01 |
FR2758810A1 (fr) | 1998-07-31 |
FR2758810B1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 |
JPH10236819A (ja) | 1998-09-08 |
EP0855218B1 (fr) | 2002-04-24 |
DE69805015D1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
US5968475A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
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