JP4217627B2 - インテグラル非対称構造を有するポリオレフィン膜の製造法 - Google Patents
インテグラル非対称構造を有するポリオレフィン膜の製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0018—Thermally induced processes [TIPS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/0025—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching
- B01D67/0027—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching by stretching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/003—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/003—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
- B01D67/0031—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching by elimination of at least one of the blocks of a block copolymer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
a)少なくとも1種のポリオレフィンからのポリマー成分20〜90質量%及びこのポリマー成分用の溶媒80〜10質量%の系からの均一溶液の製造、この際、この系は、高い温度の場合にはそれが均一溶液として存在する領域を有し、冷却の場合には臨界凝離温度を有し、臨界凝離温度より下では液状凝固物状態で混合間隙並びに凝固温度を有する、
b)この溶液の、臨界凝離温度を上回る用具温度を有する成形用具中での、第1表面及び第2表面を有する成形体への成形、
c)凝固温度を下回る冷却温度まで温度処理されている冷却媒体を用いる、ポリマーの多い相とポリマーの少ない相とへの熱力学的非平衡−液−液−相分離及び引き続く凝固温度を下回る際にポリマーの多い相の凝固を行うような速度での成形体の冷却、
d)この成形体からのポリマーの少ない相の場合による除去
を包含し、ポリマー成分用の溶媒として、この溶媒中のポリマー成分の25質量%溶液で1℃/分の冷却速度での冷却の際に凝離温度(Entmischungstemperatur)が凝固温度よりも10〜70℃だけ上にあるようなものを使用し、かつ成形体を、冷却のために、成形用具温度までの温度ではポリマー成分を溶かさずこれと化学的に反応しない液体冷却媒体と接触させることを特徴とする。
血漿漏出時間の測定:
血漿漏出時間の測定のために、37℃に温度調整された燐脂質溶液(L−α−ホスファチジル−L−コリン1.5gが生理食塩溶液500ml中に溶かされた)を、1.0バールの圧力で6リットル/(分*2m2)の流量で、膜試料の1表面に沿って案内する。この膜試料の他の表面に沿って空気を流導し、これを膜試料から離れた後に冷却トラップに導びく。冷却トラップ中に集められる液体の質量を時間の関数として測定する。質量の有意の増加まで、即ち冷却トラップ中の最初の有意の液体収集までに経過する時間を、血漿漏出時間と称する。
試験すべき膜の少なくとも0.5gの試料を乾燥秤取する。引き続き、この膜試料を湿らすが膨潤させない液体中で24時間貯蔵して、この液体を孔中に浸入させる。このことは、肉眼で、膜試料が半透明からガラス様の透明状態に移行することにより認識することができる。引き続き、この膜試料を液体から取り出し、この膜試料に付着している液体を約1800gでの遠心により除去し、このように前処理された、湿った、即ち液体充填された膜試料の質量を測定する。
ガス流量の測定のために、膜試料のその一方側上に、測定すべきガスを2バールの一定テスト圧力で吹き付ける。このために、中空繊維膜の場合に、ガスを中空繊維膜の空所中に導びく。膜試料の壁を通り抜けるガスの流量を測定し、テスト圧力並びに膜試料のガス通過面に関して標準化する。中空繊維膜の場合には、ここで、空所を取り囲む膜の内表面が使用される。
分離層中の孔の平均直径の測定は、映像分析法を用いて行われる。この場合に、円形面が孔とみなされる。平均孔径は、約8μm×6μmの膜面上に60000倍拡大率で見える全ての孔の算術平均値として生じる。
ポリ−(4−メチル−1−ペンテン)を、押出し機中で段階的に265℃から300℃までの上昇性温度で融解させ、歯車ポンプを用いて連続的に動的ミキサーに供給した。溶媒として、フタル酸ジブチル(パラチノールC)を使用し、配量ポンプを用いて同様にこのミキサーに供給し、その中でこのポリマーを溶媒と一緒に290℃の温度で、35質量%のポリマー濃度及び65質量%の溶媒濃度を有する均一溶液に加工した。この溶液を1.2mmのリングスリットの外径を有する中空糸ノズルに供給し、相分離温度を上回る240℃で押出して中空糸にした。内部充填物として窒素を用いた。20mmの空路の後で、この中空糸は、室温まで温度処理された冷却媒体の通された約1mの長さの紡糸管を通り抜けた。冷却媒体として、トリ酢酸グリセリンを使用した。冷却の結果紡糸管中で硬化した中空糸を、72m/分の引出し速度で紡糸管から引き出し、リールに巻き取り、引き続き、先ずイソプロパノールで抽出し、その後約120℃で乾燥させた。
例1と同様に行ったが、ここでは、溶媒としてジベンジルエーテルを使用した。
例1と同様に行ったが、ここでは、溶媒としてココヤシ油を使用した。ミキサー温度は285℃であった。
膜製造を、例1の記載と同様に行った。しかしながら、溶媒としてパーム核油を用いた。冷却のために冷却媒体として、65:35の割合のグリセリン/水−混合物を用いた。ミキサー温度を265℃に調節した。
例1と同様に行った。溶媒としてアジピン酸ジオクチルを用いた。アジピン酸ジオクチルに関して、ポリマー成分として使用されたポリ−(4−メチル−1−ペンテン)の25質量%溶液の凝離温度は、凝固温度を約5℃だけ上回っており、従って本発明により必要な10℃の最低値を下回っている。冷却媒体として、室温に保持されたトリ酢酸グリセリンを使用した。
膜製造のための方法を比較例1と同様に実施した。しかしながら、溶媒としてアジピン酸ジオクチルの代わりにミリスチン酸イソプロピルを使用した。ミリスチン酸イソプロピルについても、ポリマー成分として使用されたポリ−(4−メチル−1−ペンテン)の25質量%の溶液の凝離温度は、凝固温度の約5℃を上回っており、従って本発明により要求される10℃の最小値を下回っている。
Claims (14)
- スポンジ様の開放孔微孔質支持構造及びこの支持構造と比べてより密な構造の分離層を有するインテグラル非対称疎水性膜を製造するにあたり、少なくとも次の工程:
a)少なくとも1種のポリオレフィンからのポリマー成分20〜90質量%及びこのポリマー成分用の溶媒80〜10質量%の系からなる均一溶液の製造、この際、この系は、高い温度ではそれが均一溶液として存在する領域を、かつ冷却の際には臨界凝離温度を、臨界凝離温度以下では液体凝集物状態で混合間隙並びに凝固温度を有する、
b)この溶液の、臨界凝離温度を上回る用具温度を有する成形用具中での、第1表面及び第2表面を有する成形体への成形、
c)凝固温度を下回る冷却温度まで温度処理されている冷却媒体を用いる、ポリマーの多い相とポリマーの少ない相とへの熱力学的非平衡−液−液−相分離及び引き続く凝固温度を下回る際にポリマーの多い相の凝固を行うような速度での成形体の冷却
を包含する方法において、ポリマー成分用の溶媒として、この溶媒中のポリマー成分の25質量%溶液について1℃/分の冷却速度での冷却の際に凝離温度が凝固温度よりも10〜70℃だけ上にあるようなものを使用し、かつ成形体を、工程c)における冷却のために、用具温度までの温度ではポリマー成分を溶かさずこれと化学的に反応しない液体状冷却媒体と接触させることを特徴とする、インテグラル非対称疎水性膜を製造する方法。 - 少なくとも1種のポリマー用の溶媒として、この溶媒中のポリマー成分の25質量%溶液について1℃/分の冷却速度での冷却の際に凝離温度が凝固温度よりも20〜50℃だけ高いようなものを使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のポリマー用の溶媒として、この溶媒中のポリマー成分の25質量%溶液について1℃/分の冷却速度での冷却の際に凝離温度が凝固温度よりも25〜45℃だけ高いようなものを使用することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ポリマー成分は、≦910kg/m3の密度を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 冷却媒体は、ポリマー成分を最大で非溶剤の沸点まで加熱する際に均一な溶液になるまでは溶かさないポリマー成分の非溶剤であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 冷却媒体は、ポリマー成分の強い非溶剤であり、その冷却温度で溶媒と均一に混和可能な液体であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 冷却媒体は、臨界凝離温度を少なくとも100℃下回る温度を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ポリマー成分30〜60質量%を溶媒70〜40質量%中に溶かすことを特徴とする、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ポリマー成分中に含有される少なくとも1種のポリオレフィンは、炭素と水素のみから成っていることを特徴とする、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のポリオレフィンは、ポリ−(4−メチル−1−ペンテン)であることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のポリオレフィンは、ポリプロピレンであることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 溶媒として、パーム核油、フタル酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジオクチル、ジベンジルエーテル、ココヤシ油又はこれらの混合物を使用することを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 溶媒として、N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)獣脂アミン、フタル酸ジオクチル又はこれらの混合物を使用することを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 中空繊維膜を製造するための、請求項1から13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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CN102416300B (zh) * | 2010-09-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种聚丙烯平板分离膜的制备方法 |
CN102755840B (zh) * | 2011-04-25 | 2014-08-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种平板聚丙烯分离膜的制备方法 |
AT511431B1 (de) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Herstellung asymmetrischer membranen |
JP6215199B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-20 | 2017-10-18 | ディエムエフ・メディカル・インコーポレーテッド | 麻酔回路およびこの麻酔回路を使用するための方法 |
WO2014094139A1 (en) | 2012-12-22 | 2014-06-26 | Dmf Medical Incorporated | An anesthetic circuit having a hollow fiber membrane |
EP3618943A1 (de) * | 2014-11-03 | 2020-03-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Mikroporöse polyvinylidenfluorid-flachmembran und ihre herstellung |
JP6323847B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-05-16 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、及びガス分離方法 |
JP6366813B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-08-01 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離非対称膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、及びガス分離方法 |
JP6349026B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-06-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離モジュール、ガス分離装置、ガス分離方法、及びガス分離非対称膜の製造方法 |
EP3235558A1 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company of 3M Center | Hollow fiber membrane for use in an anesthetic circuit |
CN106823806B (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2020-04-28 | 南京膜材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种规则四层结构的纳滤膜、制备方法及在高浓度盐分离过程中的应用 |
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