JP4159595B2 - 毛除去装置 - Google Patents
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- JP4159595B2 JP4159595B2 JP2007137796A JP2007137796A JP4159595B2 JP 4159595 B2 JP4159595 B2 JP 4159595B2 JP 2007137796 A JP2007137796 A JP 2007137796A JP 2007137796 A JP2007137796 A JP 2007137796A JP 4159595 B2 JP4159595 B2 JP 4159595B2
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/203—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser applying laser energy to the outside of the body
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
- A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
- A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
- A61B2017/00154—Details of operation mode pulsed
- A61B2017/00172—Pulse trains, bursts, intermittent continuous operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/22082—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance
- A61B2017/22085—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for after introduction of a substance light-absorbing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/30—Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections
- A61B2017/306—Surgical pincettes without pivotal connections holding by means of suction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
- A61B2018/00017—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids with gas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
- A61B2018/00023—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids closed, i.e. without wound contact by the fluid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00452—Skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00452—Skin
- A61B2018/00476—Hair follicles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
- A61B2090/065—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
Description
また、アプリケータと上記皮膚領域内の皮膚表面との間にて、屈折率が略適合した状態を保つことも望ましい。かかる屈折率の適合は、屈折率が適合した物質層をアプリケータと皮膚領域内の皮膚表面との間に設け且つ/又は、少なくとも皮膚領域と接触した表面について、皮膚表面と略適合した屈折率を有する材料でアプリケータを製造することにより達成される。
図1を参照すると、一例としてのレーザ利用の毛除去装置10は、例えば、照射の場を発生させる1つ以上のレーザを含むことのできる光源12を備えている。該光源12は、一連のビーム操作光学素子14に光学的に結合される一方、該光学素子は、光ファイバケーブル16(又は、その他の光ファイバ装置)を介して照射装置又はアプリケータ18に結合することができる。毛の除去治療を行う間、光源が、電圧電流供給源19により作動されて、光学素子14及び光ファイバ16を通じて照射装置又はアプリケータ18に光ビームを供給する。次に、患者22の領域20(例えば、患者の身体における領域20の位置に対応して、台25、椅子又はその他の適当な位置決め要素の位置に配置される)に光の場を供給し、その結果、領域20から毛が除去される。所望の領域が治療されたならば、照射装置を矢印27で示すように患者22に沿って簡単に動かして、後続の領域の治療に使用することができる。
次に、図2A及び図2Bを参照すると、毛除去装置のアプリケータ又は照射装置18は、領域20内にある毛嚢40に照射の場38を供給することを可能にする。図2Aに図示するように、この照射の場38は、1本以上の繊維又は光ファイバの束を収容する光ファイバケーブル16(又はその他の光ファイバ装置)を使用して、照射装置18に供給することができる。この場合、導波管から出た後に、照射の場38は、典型的に空間的に分散され、平凸型レンズ42を使用して集め且つ大まかにコリメートさせることが好ましい。これと代替的に、図2Bに図示するように、例えば、1つ以上の反射ミラー44を使用して照射の場を照射装置に供給してもよい。このことは、レンズ42に衝突する前に照射の場38を略コリメートさせることを可能にする。レンズ42の焦点距離及び照射の場のモードの質に対応して、この場は、例えば、図面に図示した平凸型レンズを使用して集光することが好ましい。この光学素子を通過した後、そのビームは、皮膚領域20と接触する位置に配置されたレンズ、又は接触装置46に衝突する。この接触装置46の光学的及び機械的性質は、光線を皮膚領域(供給された照射場38となる)と効率的に結合し得るように選択され、また、接触装置の熱特性は、その皮膚領域から熱を効率良く結合し得るように選択される。供給されたならば、その照射の場を使用して、毛嚢40を照射し、加熱し、次に破壊させる。更に、この接触装置46は、照射領域の表面的な皮膚層(即ち、表皮)に光を結合し且つ加熱するために使用される。これにより、毛嚢の深い部分に保持された光吸収性色素(即ち、メラニン)を照射し且つ選択的に加熱して、その毛嚢を恒久的に破壊する一方、同時に、有害となる虞れのある光及び熱エネルギをその上の皮膚層外に伝達する。このように、患者を著しく苦痛を与えたり又は損傷させることなく、多数の毛嚢を破壊し、毛をその皮膚領域から恒久的に除去することができる。除去された毛嚢は、最終的に身体により除去される。
該接触装置46は、皮膚に押し付けられたならば、照射光を表皮内に且つ表皮外に結合することを可能にする。次に、図3Bを参照すると、接触装置46の屈折率(nCD)は、表皮56の屈折率(nEP)(約1.55)に略適合したものでなければならない。一方の屈折媒体(即ち、接触装置)から別の媒体(表皮)まで進む光は、屈折率の差の二乗に等しい程度だけ、その2つの領域を分離させる境界面57にて反射されるため、屈折率が略適合すれば、照射の場を皮膚内に効率的に結合させることが可能となる。このようにして、屈折率が約1.5又は多少より大きい材料から成る接触装置は、入射する照射の場が表皮/接触装置の境界面57にて最小程度、反射されることを可能にする(図面で矢印64により図示)。
皮膚内の光の場を照射する時間且つ空間的な強さの分布により、毛嚢の標的となる領域内に付与される熱の量が最終的に決まる。このため、これらの特性は、毛の除去過程を最適にし得るように選択し且つ/又は調節することができる。特に、毛の除去過程に影響する特性は、パルスエネルギ、パルスの持続時間、反復速度(即ち、後続のパルス間の時間)、波長、エネルギ、露光箇所の寸法、皮膚に入るときのビームの収束度、及び光のパルスモードの形態(即ち、空間的広がり程度及び均一さ)を含む。こうした特性は、照射すべき毛及び皮膚内に存在する色素に対応するように選択することができる。パラメータの各々は、照射直後の各標的箇所における温度が約80乃至120℃の範囲まで上昇するように調節することが好ましい。毛嚢をこの温度まで加熱すれば、恒久的な損傷が生じ、その後に除去することができる。
更に、光パルス間の持続時間(図5Aに矢印78で表示)は、照射された領域に付与される熱の総量及びその平均速度を制御し得るように調節することができる。毛嚢を破壊するために、繰り返し照射する必要があるならば、この時間は、一定であり、数秒乃至数百ミリ秒の範囲にあることが好ましい。これと代替的に、「単一ショット」の照射の場合、この時間間隔は、作業者により選択的に制御される。この場合、対象とする領域に単一のレーザショットを供給して、次に、作業者が損傷の有無についてその領域を検査する。更なる照射が必要とされるならば、その領域を追加的にレーザショットを行うことができる。さもなければ、その照射装置は、移動させて、別の領域の治療に使用される。
光の場の作用力は、患者の色素の程度に従って異なったものといる必要があり、各パルスに対して約10乃至200J/cm2の範囲であることが好ましい。より黒い毛の患者はより明るい毛の患者よりも小さい作用力でよい。約1msの持続時間のパルスに対する照射の場のパルスの作用力は30乃至50J/cm2の範囲であることが最も好ましい。本明細書に記載したように、全ての場合、この作用力は、標的領域を約80乃至120℃の所望の温度まで加熱し得るように調節される。しかしながら、パルスの持続時間が長くなれば、この作用力の程度を大きくし、長いパルス間の熱伝導に起因する効率的でない、毛嚢の加熱を補償することができる。照射する光の場の波長が好適なスペクトル領域(即ち、680乃至900nm又は1000乃至1200nm)の範囲にない場合、毛嚢を所望の温度に加熱するためには、光の作用力を増大又は減少させることが必要となる。更に、レーザ出力が所望の光の作用力以下である場合、皮膚を照射する前に個々のパルスを増幅しなければならない。この目的に、外部の光キャビティのような光増幅器を使用することができる。
実施例
本発明による毛の除去装置の効率を実証するため、パルスの持続時間270μs及び光の作用力40J/cm2、71J/cm2、160J/cm2でλ=694nmのルビーレーザの通常のモードからの光を使用して生体外でイヌの黒い毛の皮膚を照射した。
図10Aには、領域20が、本発明に従って治療する前に単に剃るのではなくて、脱毛処置された、本発明の代替的な実施の形態が図示されている。次に、空の毛嚢内に入り込んでその毛嚢を充填する流体を含む、発色団を含む流体溶液又は懸濁液100を皮膚領域20に塗布することができる。流体/発色団の毛嚢内への「毛管作用」は望ましいものであり、また、例えば、表面活性剤又は溶剤を使用する等して、流体と皮膚との間の表面張力を小さくすることでその毛管作用を増大させることができる。次に、洗浄、拭き取り、又は擦り取りにより余剰な流体/発色団を皮膚表面から除去することができる。照射中、毛嚢内の発色団100が光を吸収し且つ毛嚢自体のメラニンの加熱と共に加熱されて、その毛嚢を著しく加熱し、毛の再成長を防止するのに必要なように、拡張部分及び乳頭を含むその部分を破壊させることができる。このように、発色団は、照射に使用される1つ又は複数の波長の光を吸収しなければならない。適当な発色団は、炭素粒子の懸濁液を含み、又はメチレン青又はインドシアニン緑のような色素を含むことができる。リポソームの形態のメラニン自体を使用してもよい。この発色団は毛嚢内にしか入らないため、この技術は、毛嚢の損傷を最大にする一方、その周囲の組織の損傷は最小に止め、この理由のため、ブロンド、赤、薄い褐色又はその他の明るい色の毛の者に対して、本発明を実施する好適な方法である。上述した相違点を除いて、本発明のこの実施の形態は、接触装置46の冷却、領域20内の皮膚の変形、好適な照射光を含んで、前の実施の形態について説明したものと同一の方法で作用するが、その唯一の例外は、発色団を使用するとき、低周波数が使用可能な点である。
更に、好適な実施の形態について、接触装置46を冷却するためのものとして冷却水を示したが、これは、本発明を限定するものではなく、その他の冷却技術を利用することも可能である。例えば、冷却目的のために接触装置の上方に低温の気体又は液体を流すか、或いは使用前に接触装置を十分に冷却して、冷却媒体をその上を通すことなく、冷却機能を続行し得るようにしてもよい。また、当該技術分野で公知のその他の冷却技術を利用することも可能である。
12 光源
16 光ファイバケーブル
18 照射装置
42 レンズ
46 接触装置
46´ アプリケータ
50 冷却水の入口
52 冷却水の出口
110 スロット
Claims (12)
- 皮膚表面から皮膚内に伸長する毛嚢内にある複数の毛を皮膚領域から同時に除去するための装置であって、
毛が除去されるべき皮膚領域内の皮膚表面に圧接されるのに適した表面を有するアプリケータ(18、46´)と、
照射光の光源(12)と、
前記照射光の光源から前記アプリケータの表面に至る光路(16、114)と
を備え、
前記光路は、所定の波長の照射光をほぼ通過させ、
前記照射光は、前記アプリケータの表面から前記皮膚領域に至り、
前記照射光は、680nmから1200nmの波長と、10J/cm 2 から200J/cm 2 の作用力と、50μsから200msのパルスの持続時間とを有する、装置。 - 前記光路に設けられ、前記アプリケータの表面を通過して前記アプリケータから放出された前記照射光を収斂させる要素(42、46、116)と、
前記アプリケータの表面の温度を前記皮膚領域の温度以下に冷却する冷却手段(50、52、118)と
を更に備えた請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記要素は、レンズである請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記冷却手段は、前記アプリケータの表面を、前記皮膚領域の温度よりも低い温度まで冷却する請求項2又は請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記冷却手段(50、52、118)は、前記アプリケータ(18、46´)の近傍に配置された通路であり、前記通路の中を冷却水が流通するようにした請求項2から請求項4のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 前記アプリケータは、ハウジングを更に備え、前記アプリケータの表面は、前記ハウジング上に配置され、凸形状の表面を有し、前記光路は、前記ハウジングを通って前記照射光の光源から前記アプリケータの表面まで延在している請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 前記アプリケータの表面は、スロットを有し、前記光路は、少なくとも前記スロットの両側まで延在し、前記皮膚領域の一部を前記スロット内に位置決めする位置決め手段を備えた請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 前記位置決め手段は、前記スロットに負圧を与える手段を備える請求項7に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも前記アプリケータの表面は、前記皮膚領域内の前記皮膚表面の屈折率とほぼ一致する屈折率を有する材料から形成されている請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 前記照射光の光源は、レーザである請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 前記照射光の前記皮膚領域上での持続時間が、2msから100msである請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1つに記載の装置。
- 皮膚表面から皮膚内に伸長する毛嚢内にある複数の毛を皮膚領域から同時に除去するための装置であって、
アプリケータと、
2msから100msのパルス持続時間を有する照射光の光源と、
前記照射光の光源から前記アプリケータの表面に至る光路と
を備え、
前記光路は、所定の波長の光線の少なくとも一部を通過させ、
前記照射光は、前記アプリケータの表面を通過して前記皮膚領域に至る、装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/382,122 US5595568A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1995-02-01 | Permanent hair removal using optical pulses |
US08/593,565 US5735844A (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1996-01-30 | Hair removal using optical pulses |
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JP2005311144A Division JP4117846B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2005-10-26 | 毛除去装置 |
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JP2007252945A JP2007252945A (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
JP4159595B2 true JP4159595B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP52367396A Expired - Lifetime JP3819025B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 1996-01-31 | 毛除去装置 |
JP2005311144A Expired - Lifetime JP4117846B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2005-10-26 | 毛除去装置 |
JP2007137796A Expired - Lifetime JP4159595B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2007-05-24 | 毛除去装置 |
JP2008049548A Pending JP2008132368A (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2008-02-29 | 毛除去装置 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP52367396A Expired - Lifetime JP3819025B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 1996-01-31 | 毛除去装置 |
JP2005311144A Expired - Lifetime JP4117846B2 (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2005-10-26 | 毛除去装置 |
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JP2008049548A Pending JP2008132368A (ja) | 1995-02-01 | 2008-02-29 | 毛除去装置 |
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US (1) | US5735844A (ja) |
EP (4) | EP1230900B2 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP3819025B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR19980701882A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1119129C (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2550682A1 (ja) |
DE (3) | DE69633207T3 (ja) |
ES (4) | ES2526531T3 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1048754B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996023447A1 (ja) |
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- 1996-01-31 KR KR1019970705279A patent/KR19980701882A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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