JP3950166B2 - 希土類磁石 - Google Patents
希土類磁石 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3950166B2 JP3950166B2 JP2006524552A JP2006524552A JP3950166B2 JP 3950166 B2 JP3950166 B2 JP 3950166B2 JP 2006524552 A JP2006524552 A JP 2006524552A JP 2006524552 A JP2006524552 A JP 2006524552A JP 3950166 B2 JP3950166 B2 JP 3950166B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- protective film
- rare earth
- film
- grain size
- magnet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/001—Magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/0555—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0557—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/0221—Mounting means for PM, supporting, coating, encapsulating PM
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12937—Co- or Ni-base component next to Fe-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/32—Composite [nonstructural laminate] of inorganic material having metal-compound-containing layer and having defined magnetic layer
Description
粉末冶金法によって作成したNd−Fe−Bの焼結体を、アルゴン雰囲気中で600℃にて2時間の熱処理を施したのち、56×40×8(mm)の大きさに加工し、さらにバレル研磨処理により面取りを行って磁石素体10を得た。次いで、この磁石素体10を、アルカリ性脱脂液で洗浄した後、硝酸溶液により表面の活性化を行い、良く水洗した。
以下の手順を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例2の希土類磁石を得た。すなわち、有機硫黄化合物光沢剤(100mgL(リットル))を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケル−硫黄合金膜よりなる第1保護膜21を形成したのち、半光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第2保護膜22を形成した。続いて、光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第3保護膜23を形成した。その際、全て電流密度を0.3A/dm2 で一定となるように調整した。
以下の手順を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例3の希土類磁石を得た。すなわち、クエン酸ニッケル(250g/L)およびホウ酸(40g/L)で構成されるめっき浴を用いて電気めっきにより第1保護膜21を形成したのち、半光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第2保護膜22を形成した。続いて、光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第3保護膜23を形成した。その際、全て電流密度を0.3A/dm2 で一定となるように調整した。
以下の手順を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例4の希土類磁石を得た。すなわち、クエン酸ニッケルおよび次亜リン酸を主成分とするアンモニアアルカリ型の無電解ニッケルめっき浴を用いてニッケル−リン合金よりなる第1保護膜21を形成したのち、半光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第2保護膜22を形成した。続いて、光沢添加剤を含むワット浴を用いて電気めっきによりニッケルめっき膜よりなる第3保護膜23を形成した。その際、全て電流密度を0.3A/dm2 で一定となるように調整した。
第1保護膜を形成しなかったことを除き、他は実施例1と同様にして希土類磁石を作製した。
作製した実施例1〜4および比較例1の希土類磁石について断面のFIBを用いたSIM像を観察した。図4に実施例1のSIM像を示す。図4に示したように、実施例1の希土類磁石は、磁石素体10の上に、微結晶状の第1保護膜21、柱状結晶状の第2保護膜22、および微結晶状の第3保護膜23が順に形成されていることが分かる。第1保護膜21の平均結晶粒径は0.5μm以下、その厚みは約2μm、第2保護膜22の長径方向の平均粒径は5μm〜10μm、短径方向の平均粒径は0.7μm〜1μm、その厚みは約5μm、第3保護膜23の平均結晶粒径は0.5μm以下、その厚みは約5μmであった。
めっき時間を調整することにより第1保護膜21の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約2μm、第2保護膜22の長径方向の平均粒径を1μm、短径方向の平均粒径を0.7μm、その厚みを約2μm、第3保護膜23の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約7μmとした点を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例5の希土類磁石を得た。
めっき時間を調整することにより第1保護膜21の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約2μm、第2保護膜22の長径方向の平均粒径を2μm、短径方向の平均粒径を0.8μm、その厚みを約3μm、第3保護膜23の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約7μmとした点を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例6の希土類磁石を得た。
めっき時間を調整することにより第1保護膜21の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約5μm、第2保護膜22の長径方向の平均粒径を60μm、短径方向の平均粒径を1.5μm、その厚みを約75μm、第3保護膜23の平均粒径を0.5μm以下、その厚みを約26μmとした点を除き、実施例1と同様の手順を経ることにより実施例7の希土類磁石を得た。
実施例1,5〜7の希土類磁石について、上記した加湿高温試験および塩水噴霧試験を行い、耐食性を評価した。それらの結果を表2に示す。
Claims (6)
- 希土類元素を含む磁石素体と、この磁石素体に設けられた保護膜とを備えた希土類磁石であって、
前記保護膜は、多結晶状の第1保護膜と、多結晶状であり前記第1保護膜よりも大きな平均結晶粒径を有する第2保護膜と、多結晶状であり前記第2保護膜よりも小さな平均結晶粒径を有する第3保護膜とを、前記磁石素体の側からこの順に有することを特徴とする希土類磁石。 - 前記第1保護膜の平均結晶粒径は、0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類磁石。
- 前記第2保護膜は柱状結晶状であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類磁石。
- 前記柱状結晶が放射状に成長していることを特徴とする請求項3記載の希土類磁石。
- 前記第1保護膜,前記第2保護膜および前記第3保護膜はニッケルを含む金属によりそれぞれ構成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類磁石。
- 前記第1保護膜および前記第3保護膜の平均結晶粒径は、前記第2保護膜の平均結晶粒径よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1記載の希土類磁石。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004210451 | 2004-07-16 | ||
JP2004210451 | 2004-07-16 | ||
PCT/JP2005/013240 WO2006009137A1 (ja) | 2004-07-16 | 2005-07-19 | 希土類磁石 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP3950166B2 true JP3950166B2 (ja) | 2007-07-25 |
JPWO2006009137A1 JPWO2006009137A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
Family
ID=35785246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006524552A Active JP3950166B2 (ja) | 2004-07-16 | 2005-07-19 | 希土類磁石 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7553561B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3950166B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100740066B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1898756B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006009137A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5263153B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 日立金属株式会社 | 表面にアルミニウムまたはその合金の蒸着被膜を有するR−Fe−B系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 |
EP2124236A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-25 | Metalor Technologies International S.A. | Utilisation d'un matériau de contact électrique pour souffler un arc électrique |
US9275794B2 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2016-03-01 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant magnet and method for producing the same |
JP5284811B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2013-09-11 | Tdk株式会社 | 希土類永久磁石 |
JP4978665B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-07-18 | Tdk株式会社 | 金属磁石及びそれを用いたモータ |
CN103125005B (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2016-02-10 | 日立金属株式会社 | 在稀土类永久磁铁的表面形成电镀铜被膜的方法 |
JP5708123B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2015-04-30 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁石部材 |
CN102436891A (zh) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-05-02 | 常熟市碧溪新城特种机械厂 | 稀土磁铁 |
JP5565499B1 (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-08-06 | Tdk株式会社 | R−t−b系永久磁石 |
US9791470B2 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2017-10-17 | Intel Corporation | Magnet placement for integrated sensor packages |
KR20180090091A (ko) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-10 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 자성체 시트 및 전자기기 |
JP6743232B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-08-19 | 株式会社フジクラ | 酸化物超電導線材 |
CN111128503B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-07-23 | 安徽大地熊新材料股份有限公司 | 一种高强度钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 |
CN112435825A (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-02 | 徐锦善 | 一种绝缘效果好的强磁铁 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5816248B2 (ja) * | 1975-11-05 | 1983-03-30 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | シンキナジキキロクタイ |
JPS59100286A (ja) * | 1982-11-29 | 1984-06-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 鋼製電池ケ−スにニツケルメツキを施す方法 |
US4869971A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1989-09-26 | Nee Chin Cheng | Multilayer pulsed-current electrodeposition process |
JP2599753B2 (ja) | 1988-04-19 | 1997-04-16 | 日立金属株式会社 | 耐食性を改善したr−tm−b系永久磁石及び製造方法 |
DE69220519T2 (de) * | 1991-03-04 | 1998-02-19 | Toda Kogyo Corp | Verfahren zur Plattierung eines Verbundmagneten sowie Verbundmagnet mit einem Metallüberzug |
US5314756A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1994-05-24 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Permanent magnet of rare-earth-element/transition-metal system having improved corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
JPH05175030A (ja) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-13 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 永久磁石 |
US5514477A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1996-05-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Corrosion-resistant laminate which consists of a metal of a single mass number deposited on a substrate |
JPH07106709A (ja) * | 1993-10-02 | 1995-04-21 | Canon Inc | 半導体レーザおよびその使用法 |
JPH07106109A (ja) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-21 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 耐食性を改善したr−tm−b系永久磁石及びその製造方法 |
JPH08212512A (ja) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気記憶装置及びそれに用いる薄膜磁気ヘッドとその製造方法 |
US6403203B2 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2002-06-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording apparatus using the same |
ATE241710T1 (de) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-06-15 | Showa Denko Kk | Legierung zur verwendung bei der herstellung von gesinterten magneten auf r-t-b-basis und verfahren zur herstellung von gesinterten magneten auf r-t-b-basis |
JP2001210504A (ja) * | 2000-01-25 | 2001-08-03 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | R−t−b系永久磁石 |
JP4572468B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-17 | 2010-11-04 | 日立金属株式会社 | Cuイオンと塩素イオンを含む水中での希土類系永久磁石の使用方法 |
US6833036B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-12-21 | Tdk Corporation | Rare earth permanent magnet |
-
2005
- 2005-07-19 KR KR1020057024417A patent/KR100740066B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-19 US US10/566,213 patent/US7553561B2/en active Active
- 2005-07-19 WO PCT/JP2005/013240 patent/WO2006009137A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-07-19 JP JP2006524552A patent/JP3950166B2/ja active Active
- 2005-07-19 CN CN2005800004020A patent/CN1898756B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2006009137A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
KR20060028416A (ko) | 2006-03-29 |
KR100740066B1 (ko) | 2007-07-16 |
CN1898756B (zh) | 2010-05-26 |
WO2006009137A1 (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
US7553561B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
US20080053573A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
CN1898756A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP3950166B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石 | |
JPWO2011122577A1 (ja) | 希土類焼結磁石及びその製造方法、並びにモータ及び自動車 | |
JP2011061038A (ja) | 希土類磁石とその製造方法および磁石複合部材 | |
JP2009231391A (ja) | R−t−b系焼結磁石 | |
JP3883561B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石の製造方法 | |
JP4029095B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石及びその製造方法 | |
JP4670567B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石 | |
CN105845308B (zh) | 稀土磁体和包括该稀土磁体的电动机 | |
JP2005210094A (ja) | 希土類磁石 | |
JP3993613B2 (ja) | 磁石及びその製造方法 | |
JP5885907B2 (ja) | 希土類焼結磁石及びその製造方法、並びにモータ及び自動車 | |
JP2012094767A (ja) | 希土類磁石、希土類磁石の製造方法及び回転機 | |
JP4600332B2 (ja) | 磁石部材およびその製造方法 | |
JP4073881B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石およびその製造方法 | |
JP2009088206A (ja) | 希土類磁石の製造方法 | |
JP2004289021A (ja) | 希土類磁石の製造方法 | |
JP5012942B2 (ja) | 希土類焼結磁石及びその製造方法、並びに回転機 | |
JP2006156853A (ja) | 希土類磁石 | |
JP2005260098A (ja) | 希土類磁石およびその製造方法 | |
JP2006219696A (ja) | 磁石の製造方法 | |
JP2004289022A (ja) | 希土類磁石の製造方法 | |
JP4766042B2 (ja) | 希土類磁石 | |
JP2005285832A (ja) | 希土類磁石及びその製造方法 | |
JPH0541313A (ja) | 高耐食性希土類磁石 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20070403 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20070419 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 3950166 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110427 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110427 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120427 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130427 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140427 Year of fee payment: 7 |