JP3929958B2 - 合成樹脂より成る物品を3次元形態に接合する方法および装置 - Google Patents

合成樹脂より成る物品を3次元形態に接合する方法および装置 Download PDF

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JP3929958B2
JP3929958B2 JP2003340269A JP2003340269A JP3929958B2 JP 3929958 B2 JP3929958 B2 JP 3929958B2 JP 2003340269 A JP2003340269 A JP 2003340269A JP 2003340269 A JP2003340269 A JP 2003340269A JP 3929958 B2 JP3929958 B2 JP 3929958B2
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Prior art keywords
laser beam
processing head
workpieces
laser
synthetic resin
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JP2004136675A (ja
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チェン ジエ−ウェイ
ニーダーベルガー アードルフ
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ライスター プロセス テクノロジーズ
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035Aligning the laser beam
    • B23K26/037Aligning the laser beam by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. pressing roller foot
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855Provisory fixing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687Laser beams making use of light guides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83441Ball types
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/87Auxiliary operations or devices
    • B29C66/876Maintenance or cleaning
    • B29C66/8762Cleaning of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2909/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2803/00 - B29K2807/00, as mould material
    • B29K2909/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026Transparent
    • B29K2995/0027Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Description

この発明は、合成樹脂より成る被加工物品を接合する方法に関し、この場合、レーザ源の方向に面する上部の物品は、レーザ光に対して透過性物質より、また下部の物品は、レーザ光に対して吸収性材料より形成されることにより、2つの物品の相互に限定された接触面が溶融され、次いで加圧状態で冷却される際に相互に接合されるものである。
レーザ光による合成樹脂溶接のこの方法は、一般に公知であり、レーザ光透過溶接と呼称されている。この溶接方法にとって重要な点は、溶接過程中物品が相互に緊張圧接されることであり、それは良好な溶接接合のための前提条件として、エネルギーの配分のみならず、接合面間の清浄な機械的接触が必要だからである。これに対しては種々の方法も装置も公知であり、これらは特に平坦部材の場合に十分な押圧力を可能ならしめるのである。
2次元的溶接輪郭の場合は、良好な弾性的相互作用状態を比較的容易に実現することができる。然るに3次元的部材に3次元的溶接輪郭を形成することになると、特に部材の形状が絶えず変化するような場合であると、相互に接合せられるべき各部材間の機械的接触を実現することが、技術的にきわめて困難になる。この場合問題となるのは、輪郭全体にわたる弾性応力の均等な分配と、弾性圧力の配分である。
よって、この発明にとっての課題は、3次元的形状の合成樹脂からの被加工物品の輪郭線溶接を、特殊な弾性的作用機構を使用しないで可能ならしめることにある。
前記課題は、この発明により、方法および装置に関する各独立請求項に記載の特徴によって解決される。さらに有用な形態は従属請求項の各々に記載の内容による。すなわち、下記の構成を備えることにより、前記課題を解決することができる。
〔1〕合成樹脂より成る被加工物品を接合する方法であって、レーザ源の方向に面する上部の物品(6)は、レーザ光(14)に対して透過性物質より、また下部の物品(7)は、レーザ光(14)に対して吸収性材料より形成されることにより、2つの物品(6,7)の相互に隣接する接触面がレーザ光(14)により溶融され、次いで加圧状態で冷却される際に相互に接合されることによる接合方法であって、被加工物品が、レーザ光(14)が照射される位置(12)において、点状にあるいは単一線に沿って相互に圧接され、接合される位置へのレーザ光(14)の偏向および被加工物品の機械的相互圧接とが、加工用ヘッド(15)の出口側に回転可能に備えられた球体(3)または円形輪(18)により同時に実行されることを特徴とする合成樹脂より成る物品を3次元形態に接合する方法。
〔2〕加工用ヘッドの焦点面が、赤外線透過性の回転する押圧部材(3,18)および内蔵されたレンズ系(2,8)によって規定され、かつ前記内蔵されたレンズ系(2,8)によって調整されることを特徴とする前記〔1〕記載の方法。
〔3〕最初に被加工物品が1個または複数個の規定位置において加工用ヘッド(15)によって位置固定され、次いで完全に接合させるために輪郭線に沿って前記加工ヘッドが移動開始されることを特徴とする前記〔1〕または〔2〕記載の方法。
〔4〕レーザ光(14)用のレンズ系(2,8)及び部品(6,7,19)を押圧する加圧機構(4)を有する加工ヘッド(15)を備えた合成樹脂より成る物品を接合する装置であって、加工ヘッド(15)はその中空部(16)内にレーザ光を形成し且つレーザ光を導くレンズ系(2,8)を有し、中空部(16)はそのレーザ光(14)の出口側にレーザ光(14)に対して透明な光学素子としての球体(3)または円形輪(18)を有し、球体(3)または円形輪(18)が回転可能に加工ヘッド(15)に備えられていることを特徴とする合成樹脂より成る物品を接合するための装置。
〔5〕レーザ光(14)用に連結された光ファイバー(1)の末端が中空部(16)内へ挿入されていることを特徴とする前記〔4〕に記載の装置。
〔6〕中空部(16)内に、温度測定器(11)が内設可能であることを特徴とする前記〔4〕または〔5〕に記載の装置。
〔7〕加工ヘッド(15)が長さ方向に弾性付与して形成されたことを特徴とする前記〔4〕ないし〔6〕の何れか1項に記載の装置。
〔8〕レンズ(2)により焦点距離及び焦点面が調節可能であることを特徴とする前記〔4〕ないし〔7〕の何れか1項に記載の装置。
この発明の方法によれば、接合される位置へのレーザ光の偏向および被加工物品の機械的相互圧接とが、加工用ヘッドにより同時に実行される。この場合、被加工物品の相互の圧接は、レーザ光が照射される位置において、点状に正確に、あるいはレーザ光の照射位置を含む区域において、平面的に実行することができる。あるいは被加工物品を、レーザ光と、レーザ光が存在する被加工物品との間の相互運動に対して交差する方向の単一線に沿って、相互に圧接させることもまた可能である。
かくして、基本的にこの発明は、レーザ線によって同時に、プログラム設定された溶接輪郭線に沿って連続的に、ただし常に点状に、単一線に沿って、あるいは一定の区域において、必要な弾性応力を目標とする位置へもたらすことができるようにするのである。その位置とは、溶接過程が実行され、かつ前記弾性応力が実際に必要とされる位置である。この特有の溶接および押圧の機能は、1個の加工用ヘッドによって伝達され、これにより機械的な押圧ならびにエネルギー伝達が可能となるのである。
加工用ヘッドと被溶接物品との間の相互運動は、機械的接触状態において安定して進行するので、被加工物品は、レーザ光の照射面において相互圧接されることが望ましく、この場合、レーザ光は、赤外線に対して透過性の、例えばガラスまたは合成樹脂の球体或いは円形輪を介して、接触面に集中されることが好適である。この球体は、あらゆる方向に回転可能で、不必要な機械的回転を回避することができる。この回転球体は、上部被加工物品に対して絶えず押圧され、かつレンズとして機能し、それによりレーザ光を接触位置に精密に集中させることができる。一線特に直線、または広幅線(帯条)を波状の表面上に溶接するためには、円形輪を表面上において移動させればよい。この場合、レーザ光自体を、照射方向の、あるいはそれに交差する方向の線として照射させることができる。レーザ光の焦点面は、加工用ヘッドに内蔵されたレンズ系によって調整されることが適切である。
加工用ヘッドの移動速度、移動経路およびその把持に関連する前記ヘッドの運動は、1基のロボット装置により精密に制御可能である。所要の弾性応力は、プログラム設定可能なロボット位置によって規定可能である。形状に起因する最小の偏差は、加工用ヘッドに内設された弾性部材によって補正される。実際の押圧力は、ロボット装置内で回転能率を測定することによって制御される。
この発明の方法の好適な形態によれば、溶接方法は2過程より成り、第1の過程において、被加工物品が1個または複数個の規定位置で点状溶接により加工用ヘッドに固定され、次いで第2の過程において、完全に接合させるために輪郭線が移動開始される。これにより、困難で手間を要するような追加の機械的な固定は不必要になる。第一段階の他の利点は、特に薄い材質の場合、3次元輪郭溶接の間での被加工物品の材質変形で、時たま溶接される物品の随伴移動が発生し、これは溶接過程の正確度の見地からして望ましくない。方法としては、点状溶接の前に上部被加工物品を第2のロボット装置によって位置決めすることは可能である。この方法においては、加工用ヘッドの保持が溶接品質とって特に重要である。機械的押圧および目的に叶ったエネルギー伝達の機能の見地から見れば、加工用ヘッドが、接触面に対して常に垂直に保持されることが必要である。このような空間的保持は、多軸ロボット装置により、精密にプログラム制御することができる。
この発明による装置は、接触面にレーザ光を集中させるための焦点機構を備えた加工用ヘッドと、幾つかの被加工物品を相互に圧接させるための加圧機構とが包含される。好ましくは、加工用ヘッドが中空部を備え、その内部にレーザ光を連結させるための光ファイバーの末端が挿入され、中空部内には、レーザ光を形成し偏向させるための光学的機構が設置され、その下端部に、球体或いは円形輪が回転可能に支承されている。前記加工用ヘッド内には、温度測定器、例えばパイロメータが内設可能である。
この発明は、3次元構成における溶接品質の安全性を可能にし、同時に種々の溶接過程で、高価で煩瑣な緊張工具を使用しないで、十分な融通性を可能にするという効果を奏する。
この発明のその他の利点、特徴および独自性を、以下記載の実施例および図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1は、中空部16を有する機構枠5を備えた加工用ヘッド15である。この実施例では、中空部16は、機構枠5の長さ方向に延長されている。機構枠5の上端部では、レーザ光14は、光ファイバー1を経由して中空部16内へ到達する。機構枠5内には収斂レンズ2および下端部にガラス球体3が位置する。ガラス球体3は、機構枠5内において、あらゆる方向に回転可能に支承されると共に、レーザ光14に対して、透過性の被加工物品6の上面を押圧する。収斂レンズ2およびガラス球体3を通過して、レーザ光14は、透過性物品6と吸収性物品7との間の照射位置12に集光される。機構枠5は円筒状案内部内に支承され、円筒状案内部13が物品6,7の方向へ移動すると、応力が弾性部材4を介して作用する。これにより、機械的許容差は補償される。基本的には、ガラス球体3に対する機構枠の場合清浄化機構を一体化させて、ガラス球体3の光学的機能が、長期にわたっても保証されるようにすることも可能である。
このような加工用ヘッドは、収斂レンズ2だけが必要なので、きわめて小寸法に形成することができる。焦点面の移動は、収斂レンズ2の位置を変更するだけで達成できる。ガラス球体3に照射される面が、ガラス球体3の直径よりもかなり小である場合には、焦点面は主として収斂レンズ2の焦点深度によって決定される。
図2は、温度監視機能が付加された加工用ヘッド15である。この場合は、中空部16内にさらに1個の収斂レンズ8が追加される。これは視準(コリメータ)機能化されたレーザ放射過程を生成するために必要で、これによりさらに追加の光学的部材を接続することができる。収斂レンズ8による視準機能化されたレーザ放射は、収斂レンズ2を通過してガラス球体3の下の照射位置12に集光される。溶接部位からの熱放射は、視準機能化された放射過程に含まれる放射成分によって、レーザ光分割器9により方向変換され、機構枠5の外部にある収斂レンズ10によりパイロメータ11に集光される。
図3は、加工用ヘッド15の2個の異なる位置による3次元溶接過程の原理的図解で、加工用ヘッド15は、溶接縫合線17に沿って2個の異なる形状の平面でない物品6,7上に沿って誘導され、透過性物品6は、接触部位においてガラス球体3により吸収性物品7上に相互圧接される。加工用ヘッド15の移動方向は、矢印の通りで、矢印Fは、作用する押圧力の方向を示し、ここで加工用ヘッド15の異なる2種の位置から、同図3により、加工用ヘッド15は、常に表面に対して垂直方向に押圧されねばならないことが判る。そこですでに付言した通り、加工用ヘッド15の位置は、加工用ヘッド15′の位置とは異なる位置で、加工用ヘッド15の誘導が適宜のロボットによって実行される。
図4中のAには、被溶接材質19に沿って矢印方向に可動な赤外線透過性の円形輪18を図示する。レーザ光20は、この実施例の場合は線形形状で、照射区域内では、長さに関して円形輪18の曲面輪郭に適合している。これにより狭い溶接縫合線21を、図3の場合と同様に波状輪郭線に沿って生成することができる。ここでまたレーザ光が、表面に対して垂直方向に向くという利点がある。図4のBでは、レーザ光20が90°回転されるので、かなり幅広い縫合線が生成される。何れの場合においても、上部材質は、進行方向に交差して配置された線、すなわち円形輪18が、材質19と接触する線に沿って相互圧接される。円形輪18は、中実(中空でない)円形状、或いは中空管形状の何れでもよい。レーザ光20は、周知の方式により適切なレンズ22を通過させて、照射線を付与されたカーテン状のレーザ光として形成される。図4中のこの構成は、図1または図2に図示の加工用ヘッド15内に設置され、また円形輪18は、これに対応して回転可能に支承される。
この発明によれば、高価で手間の掛かる緊張工具を必要としないので、溶接過程の融通性においての溶接品質の確実性を可能にするという利点がある。
加工用ヘッドおよび被加工物品の断面図 図1に温度測定機能が付加された他の実施例の断面図 溶接過程中にロボットおよび加工用ヘッドの保持による3次元溶接の原理説明用斜視図 箔層被加工物品に接する円形輪の原理説明図で、送り方向の線条状レーザ光による場合 箔層被加工物品に接する円形輪の原理説明図で、送り方向に直交する方向の線条状レーザ光による場合 箔層被加工物品に接する円形輪の原理説明図で、波状輪郭線の斜視図
符号の説明
2,8 焦点機構
4 加圧機構
6,7,19 被加工物品
15 加工用ヘッド

Claims (8)

  1. 合成樹脂より成る被加工物品を接合する方法であって、レーザ源の方向に面する上部の物品(6)は、レーザ光(14)に対して透過性物質より、また下部の物品(7)は、レーザ光(14)に対して吸収性材料より形成されることにより、2つの物品(6,7)の相互に隣接する接触面がレーザ光(14)により溶融され、次いで加圧状態で冷却される際に相互に接合されることによる接合方法であって、被加工物品が、レーザ光(14)が照射される位置(12)において、点状にあるいは単一線に沿って相互に圧接され、接合される位置へのレーザ光(14)の偏向および被加工物品の機械的相互圧接とが、加工用ヘッド(15)の出口側に回転可能に備えられた球体(3)または円形輪(18)により同時に実行されることを特徴とする合成樹脂より成る物品を3次元形態に接合する方法。
  2. 加工用ヘッドの焦点面が、赤外線透過性の回転する押圧部材(3,18)および内蔵されたレンズ系(,8)によって規定され、かつ前記内蔵されたレンズ系(,8)によって調整されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
  3. 最初に被加工物品が1個または複数個の規定位置において加工用ヘッド(15)によって位置固定され、次いで完全に接合させるために輪郭線に沿って前記加工ヘッドが移動開始されることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の方法。
  4. レーザ光(14)用のレンズ系(2,8)及び部品(6,7,19)を押圧する加圧機構(4)を有する加工ヘッド(15)を備えた合成樹脂より成る物品を接合する装置であって、加工ヘッド(15)はその中空部(16)内にレーザ光を形成し且つレーザ光を導くレンズ系(2,8)を有し、中空部(16)はそのレーザ光(14)の出口側にレーザ光(14)に対して透明な光学素子としての球体(3)または円形輪(18)を有し、球体(3)または円形輪(18)が回転可能に加工ヘッド(15)に備えられていることを特徴とする合成樹脂より成る物品を接合するための装置
  5. レーザ光(14)用に連結された光ファイバー(1)の末端が中空部(16)内へ挿入されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の装置
  6. 中空部(16)内に、温度測定器(11)が内設可能であることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の装置。
  7. 加工ヘッド(15)が長さ方向に弾性付与して形成されたことを特徴とする請求項ないし請求項6の何れか1項記載の装置。
  8. レンズ(2)により焦点距離及び焦点面が調節可能であることを特徴とする請求項4ないし請求項7の何れか1項に記載の装置。
JP2003340269A 2002-10-02 2003-09-30 合成樹脂より成る物品を3次元形態に接合する方法および装置 Expired - Lifetime JP3929958B2 (ja)

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