CN102079135A - 一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头 - Google Patents

一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头 Download PDF

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CN102079135A
CN102079135A CN2010106036263A CN201010603626A CN102079135A CN 102079135 A CN102079135 A CN 102079135A CN 2010106036263 A CN2010106036263 A CN 2010106036263A CN 201010603626 A CN201010603626 A CN 201010603626A CN 102079135 A CN102079135 A CN 102079135A
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processing head
plastic welding
dimensional laser
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张俊
王立军
单肖楠
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Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，属于激光技术应用领域。为了实现激光和压力输出同步，且实现大面积的三维焊接，同时让焊接时施加的压力均匀。本发明，包括外壳、圆柱辊、两个管壳、两个滑轮、四个弹簧和柱透镜，圆柱棍的两端各固连一个管壳，管壳的外侧各套嵌一个滑轮，每个滑轮上固连两个弹簧，弹簧的另一端与外壳固连，外壳的中部固嵌柱透镜。采用圆柱辊输出线状光斑，在圆柱辊两侧安装弹簧，随着塑料表面的起伏，自动调节压力方向和大小，圆柱辊始终以一种精准的切线方式紧贴着塑料表面，垂直施加压力，可以获得高质量的塑料焊接。

Description

一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头
技术领域
一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，属于激光技术应用领域。尤其适用于需要线光斑进行塑料焊接的大型三维塑料焊件，可实现快速焊接。
背景技术
随着激光技术的发展，激光塑料焊接已经广泛应用在汽车、医学、电子等领域。目前的激光塑料焊接特点在于两层塑料中须满足：一层对激光束透射，一层对激光产生吸收。焊接过程大致为激光束从透射塑料一侧入射，打在两层塑料的交界面上，被吸收塑料吸收，吸收塑料表面温度升高而发生热熔，同时发生热传导给透明塑料层，它在交界面也发生熔化，在此过程中对塑料施加一定压力，然后冷却，两层塑料便焊接在一起。
在整个塑料焊接过程中，对焊件施加的压力非常重要，它不仅关系到激光能量的利用率问题，还与焊接质量的好坏直接相关。
在一般的塑料焊接中，激光输出和压力元件是分开的，需要单独的压力装置进行施压，这就增加了激光塑料焊接的成本，同时激光照射和施压过程一般不是同步进行的，它采用激光束照射焊接表面之后，移开激光束，再采用压力装置施压，这就造成在激光束热熔焊接面和施加压力之间有一个时间差，此时间差内热熔表面会发生冷凝，造成热熔的激光能量浪费，同时也会影响焊接质量。
将激光和压力装置集成在一体可以解决上述问题，瑞士Leister公司的Globo加工头就是这样的装置，此装置在应用上取得了很大的成功。但是它的光斑输出为点光斑，可以很好地执行轮廓焊接，但对于一些面积稍大的面焊接不适用了，它需要来回扫描进行焊接，这无疑增加了成本和生产周期。
发明内容
为了实现激光和压力输出同步，且实现大面积的三维焊接，同时让焊接时施加的压力均匀，本发明提供了一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头：包括外壳、圆柱辊、两个管壳、两个滑轮、四个弹簧和柱透镜，圆柱棍的两端各固连一个管壳，管壳的外侧各套嵌一个滑轮，每个滑轮上固连两个弹簧，弹簧的另一端与外壳固连，外壳的中部固嵌柱透镜。圆柱棍与柱透镜结合形成单行聚焦输出线状光斑，圆柱棍为透明材质如：玻璃。
圆柱棍两端与管壳连接处的直径与管壳的内径相同，圆柱棍未与管壳连接的部分与管壳的外径相同。
管壳与滑轮连接的一端为正多边形凸轴，中心与圆柱棍的中心重合。
滑轮与管壳连接的一端为凹形卡槽，卡槽的形状与管壳的正多边形凸轴互补。
滑轮外圈上对称分布两个平面，两个平面与入射光轴垂直，弹簧与平面连接，弹簧仅在入射光轴方向上发生形变。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、节约成本，直接在加工头尾端集成压力元件，不需要添置单独的压力装置及其相关的设备，可以很大程度上降低加工成本，同时此加工头的压力部分为圆柱辊及其固定调节元件，而这些元件都是一些简单的机械零件，价格也较为低廉。
2、提高激光利用率，激光和压力输出同步，中间不存在时间差，压力施加时没有多余的冷凝过程，激光能量合理利用，提高激光能量的利用率。
3、提高焊接质量，激光与压力辊集成在一起，激光输出方向和压力方向一致，即在激光热熔的正上方施加的压力，同时通过两端部的弹簧调节，可以对连续变化的表面自动调节压力方向和大小，因此圆柱辊以一种精准的切线方式紧贴着塑料表面，垂直施加较为均匀压力，提高焊接质量。
4、缩短加工周期，加工头输出线光斑，对于面积较大的三维元件可以实现快速的焊接，缩短加工周期。
5、结构简单，此加工头的元件和连接关系都较为简单，不需要进行复杂的制造和调节。
6、应用广泛，将激光和压力集成到一体的三维塑料焊接头可以直接应用在三维元件制造上，如汽车车座、医疗器械等。
附图说明
图1为本发明激光加工头整体示意图。
图2为本发明激光加工头的侧视图。
图3为圆柱辊与相关元件的连接图。
图中：1-外壳，2-圆柱辊，3-固定管壳，4-滑轮，5-弹簧，6-柱透镜，7-激光束。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1至图3所示，一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，包括外壳1、圆柱辊2、两个管壳3、两个滑轮4、四个弹簧5和柱透镜6，圆柱棍2的两端各固连一个管壳3，管壳3的外侧各套嵌一个滑轮4，每个滑轮4上固连两个弹簧5，弹簧5的另一端与外壳1固连，外壳1的中部固嵌柱透镜6。
如图1所示，圆柱辊2处于加工头末端，它对激光束7透明且紧贴着待焊接的塑料表面，在实现聚焦的同时，还可以作为施压装置使用，在焊接期间将待焊材料相互挤压在一起，实现激光和压力同步输出。
如图2所示，圆柱辊2的形状为中部是与管壳3外径相同的圆柱形，两端是与管壳3内径形同的圆柱形。在圆柱辊2的两端采用管壳3固定，管壳2与滑轮4连接一端为凸轴，此凸轴横截面为非圆形的正多边形，如正三角形、正方形，其中心与圆柱辊2的中心重合。管壳3的凸轴部和滑轮4嵌套在一起，滑轮4的凹槽形状和凸轴的形状形成互补。
如图1所示，滑轮4的外圈上有两个关于圆柱辊2的轴对称的平面，此平面始终和光轴方向保持垂直。在滑轮4外圈的四个平面上分别连接四个弹簧5，此弹簧5的另一端和外壳1连接，它们仅在光轴方向与圆柱辊2轴线方向构成的平面内进行拉伸和压缩，这就使得圆柱辊2也仅能在平面内进行调节。柱透镜6固定在外壳的中部，它的轴方向和圆柱辊2保持一致，两者组合对激光束进行单向聚焦，实现线光斑输出。

Claims (6)

1.一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，包括外壳(1)、圆柱辊(2)、两个管壳(3)、两个滑轮(4)、四个弹簧(5)和柱透镜(6)，圆柱棍(2)的两端各固连一个管壳(3)，管壳(3)的外侧各套嵌一个滑轮(4)，每个滑轮(4)上固连两个弹簧(5)，弹簧(5)的另一端与外壳(1)固连，外壳(1)的中部固嵌柱透镜(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，所述圆柱棍(2)与柱透镜(6)结合形成单行聚焦输出线状光斑，圆柱棍(2)为透明材质。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，所述圆柱棍(2)两端与管壳(3)连接处的直径与管壳(3)的内径相同，圆柱棍(2)未与管壳(3)连接的部分与管壳(3)的外径相同。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，所述管壳(3)与滑轮(4)连接的一端为正多边形凸轴，中心与圆柱棍(2)的中心重合。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，所述滑轮(4)与管壳(3)连接的一端为凹形卡槽，卡槽的形状与管壳(3)的正多边形凸轴互补。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种三维激光塑料焊接加工头，其特征在于，所述滑轮(4)外圈上对称分布两个平面，两个平面与入射光轴垂直，弹簧(5)与平面连接，弹簧(5)仅在入射光轴方向上发生形变。
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EP2116355A3 (de) * 2008-05-06 2015-01-07 Leister Technologies AG Laservorrichtung mit pendelfähiger Anpressrolle
DE102021131399A1 (de) 2020-12-10 2022-06-15 Magna International Inc. Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer aktiven verbindungskraft beim laserschweissen von sich überlappenden werkstücken

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