CN1496817A - 用激光束连接三维形状的塑料工件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用激光束连接三维形状的塑料工件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1496817A
CN1496817A CNA03132665XA CN03132665A CN1496817A CN 1496817 A CN1496817 A CN 1496817A CN A03132665X A CNA03132665X A CN A03132665XA CN 03132665 A CN03132665 A CN 03132665A CN 1496817 A CN1496817 A CN 1496817A
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China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
laser beam
processing head
cavity
roller
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Granted
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CNA03132665XA
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English (en)
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CN100450755C (zh
Inventor
�½�ΰ
陈杰伟
A·尼德尔伯格
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Leister Technologies AG
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Leste Processing Tech AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
    • B23K26/037—Aligning the laser beam by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. pressing roller foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
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    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及塑料工件的连接方法，其中，面向一个激光源的上工件用一种对激光束透明的材料制成，而下工件则用一种对激光束吸收的材料制成，这样就可熔化这两个工件的邻接的接触面，并随即在冷却时在压力作用下实现相互连接。相应的装置包括一个加工头，该加工头具有把激光束聚焦到接触面上的聚焦装置和压合工件用的施压装置。一个旋转支承的玻璃球或辊特别适用作施压装置。本发明在焊接过程灵活的情况下达到了焊接质量的可靠性，而不需要昂贵的夹具。

Description

用激光束连接三维形状的塑料工件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料工件的一种连接方法和装置，其中面向一个激光源的上工件由一种对激光束透明的材料制成，而下工件则用一种对激光束吸收的材料制成，这样就可熔化这两个工件的邻接的接触面，并随即在冷却时在压力作用下实现相互连接。
背景技术
这种用激光束焊接塑料的方法是人们熟知的，也叫做透射焊接。对这种塑料焊接方法来说，工件在焊接过程中相互夹紧乃是重要的，因为用激光束完好焊接塑料的一个重要前提不单是正确的能量计量，而且还要求两个要相互连接的接缝面之间的完好的机械接触。它们特别是在大面积的工件时可产生足够大的压力。
对二维的焊接轮廓来说，完好的夹紧条件相对容易实现，但在三维的工件上制造三维形状的焊接轮廓，特别是在工件的形状总是不断变化时，则在技术上很难实现要相互连接的工件的机械接触。其中，既有夹紧力均匀分布到整个轮廓上的问题，又有夹紧压力的计量问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种不需要特殊夹具就能实施三维形状的塑料工件的轮廓焊接的方案。
根据本发明，这个目的是通过一种具有独立权利要求所述方法和装置的诸多特征的方法和装置来实现的。其他的优选实施例可从相关的各项从属要求中得知。
根据本发明的方法，激光束在要连接部位的控制和工件的机械压合是同时通过一个加工头来实现的。其中，工件的压合或者是在激光束对准部位的一个点上进行，也可在激光束对准部位周围区域的面上进行。工件也可沿一条垂直于激光束和激光束所在的工件相对运动的线进行压合。
这就是说，本发明原则上提供了这样的可能性，所需的夹紧力同时用激光束沿规定的焊接轮廓连续地、但总是点状地、沿一条线或在实施焊接过程的部位周围的一个确定的区域内来产生，而且该夹紧力是实际需要的。这个特殊的焊接功能和施压功能是通过一个加工头来传递的，该加工头既可进行机械施压又可进行能量传递。
根据本发明，由于该加工头和要焊接的工件之间的相对运动总是在机械接触下进行，所以工件最好在激光的聚焦部位被压合在一起，而且激光束最好通过一个适当旋转的、对红外线辐射透明的、例如用玻璃或塑料制成的球或辊来聚焦到接触面上。这种球可在所有的方向内旋转，以防止不必要的机械摩擦。这个可旋转的球不断对上工件施压，并象一个透镜那样可把激光束精确地聚焦到接触部位。在焊接一条线尤其是直线时，或在波纹状的表面上焊接一条宽线(带)时，一个辊可在表面上运动。其中，激光束本身可作为线在进给方向或垂直于进给方向聚焦。激光束的聚焦平面最好用一个集成在加工层中的透镜系统来调节。
这个加工头在运动过程中的有关运动速度和运动距离以及加工头的停止可由一个机器人系统精确控制。要求的夹紧力可通过可编程的机器人位置来确定。形状的最小误差可通过一个集成在加工头中的弹簧体来补偿。实际的压力则通过机器人系统内的扭矩测定来调节。
根据本发明方法的一个优选方案，焊接方法通过两个步骤这样进行：在第一步骤中，用加工头通过点焊把工件固定在一或多点上；紧接着在第二步骤中进行完整连接的轮廓。这样，就不需要实现起来困难而又花钱的附加机械固定。第一步骤的另一个优点是，特别是在薄材料时，在三维轮廓焊接过程中避免了由于工件材料变形而可能带走要焊接的工件，这对焊接过程的精度而言，是不希望出现的。根据本发明的方法，在点焊之前，上工件可通过第二个机器人系统定位。在这个方法中，加工头的姿势对焊接质量极其重要。就机械施压和准确的能量传递的功能而言，加工头必须始终与接触平面保持垂直。这个空间姿势可通过多轴的机器人系统精确地进行编程。
本发明装置包括上述加工头，该加工头具有把激光束聚焦到接触面上的聚焦装置和压合工件用的施压装置。该加工头最好具有一个空腔，一根光导纤维的一端可伸入该空腔中，以输入激光束。在这个空腔中设置有光学装置来形成并控制激光束。透明的球或辊装在其下端而可旋转。在这个加工头中，最好接入一个测温装置，例如一个高温计。
所以本发明可在三维焊接时达到焊接质量的可靠性，并同时对不同的焊接过程具有很高的灵活性，而不需要费钱和费时的夹具。
下面结合附图的一些实施例来详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1通过加工头和要加工的工件剖开的断面图；
图2具有附加测温可能性的、相当于图1的另一种方案；
图3在焊接过程中用机器人和示出加工头姿势的三维焊接方法的原理图；
图4一个在要焊接的工件上例如薄膜上的辊与一条线状激光束在进给方向(图4A)和一条线状激光束在垂直于进给方向(图4B)的原理配置以及一个波纹轮廓(图4C)。
具体实施方式
图1表示具有一个围成一个空腔16的机械卡筒5的加工头15。在这个实施例中，空腔16沿机械卡筒5的纵向延伸。在机械卡筒5的上端，激光束14通过一根光导纤维1进入该空腔中。在该空腔中，设置了一个会聚透镜2。并在下端设置一个玻璃球3。玻璃球3支承在该机械卡筒中而可在所有方向内旋转，并在这个实施例中对激光束14透明的工件6的上表面施压。通过会聚透镜2和玻璃球3把激光束14聚焦到透明工件6和吸收工件7之间的聚焦部位12。机械卡筒5在上端支承在一个圆筒形的导向套13中，在该圆筒导向套朝工件6、7的方向运动时，便可通过弹簧4施加力。这样就补偿了机械误差。原则上，也可在卡筒中为玻璃球3集成一个清洁装置。这样就可较长时间地保证玻璃球3的光学功能。
由于只需要一个会聚透镜2，所以这种加工头可做得很小巧。通过会聚透镜2的位置的变化即可实现聚焦平面的调节。如果玻璃球3上的辐射面明显小于玻璃球3的直径，则聚焦平面主要由会聚透镜2的焦距来确定。
图2表示具有一个附加温度监控装置的加工头15。在这种情况中，在空腔16内设置有另一个会聚透镜8。这个会聚透镜被用来产生一个准直的光路，以便耦合别的光学元件。在会聚透镜8后面的对准的光通过会聚透镜2聚焦到玻璃球3下面的聚焦部位12上。焊接部位的热辐射通过位于准直光路中的光部分经分光器9偏转并通过设置在机械卡筒下面的会聚透镜10聚焦到高温计11上。
图3表示加工头15具有两个不同位置的三维焊接过程的原理图，该加工头在两个结构不同的、不是平整的工件6、7上沿一条焊缝17进行导向运动，并在接触部位通过玻璃球3把透明的工件6压合到吸收2件7上。加工头15的运动方向用箭头表示，作用力的方向用F表示。从图中加工头15的两个不同的位置可以清楚看出，加工头15总是必须垂直到表面上，所以加工头15的位置是一个不同于加工头15’的位置。如前所述，加工头15的导向是用一个相应的机器人系统来进行的。
图4A表示一个对红外线辐射可穿透的辊18，该辊可在箭头方向内在要焊接的材料19上运动。在这个实施例中，激光束20呈线状，并在聚光区相应的长度与辊18的曲率匹配。这样就可沿图3所示的波形轮廓产生一条窄焊缝21。在这里，激光束最好也与表面保持垂直。在图4B中，束光束20旋转了90°，所以产生一条相当宽的焊缝22。在两种情况中，上材料都沿一条垂直于进给方向延伸的线即辊18的接触线与材料19压合。辊18也可用实心材料制成，或者也可呈管状。激光束20按公知的方式方法形成一条具有一聚光线的幕状激光束。根据此图的配置组成一个如图1或2所示的加工头，且辊18相应可旋转地支承。

Claims (11)

1.塑料工件的连接方法，其中面向一个激光源的上工件由一种对激光不透明的材料制成，而下工件则由一种对激光束吸收的材料制成，这样就可熔化这两个工件的邻接的接触面，并随即在冷却时在压力作用下出现相互连接，其特征为，激光束聚焦到要焊接的部位和工件的机械压合同时都用一个激光头(15)来进行。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其特征为，工件在激光束(14)的聚焦部位(12)呈点状或沿一条线压合。
3.按权利要求1或2的方法，其特征为，接触上工件的加工头沿焊接轮廓运动。
4.按权利要求2或3的方法，其特征为，加工头的聚焦平面由一个红外线可穿透的施压元件(3、18)最好是一个可旋转的施压元件和一个集成的透镜系统(6、8)来确定，并由集成的透镜系统(6、8)进行调节。
5.按权利要求2至4任一项的方法，其特征为，在第一个步骤中，用加工头(15)把工件局部定位在一个或多个确定的部位，紧接着在第二个步骤中，进行完整连接的轮廓。
6.塑料工件的连接装置，其中面向一个激光源的上工件由一种对激光束透明的材料制成，而下工件则由一种对激光束吸收的材料制成，这样就可熔化这两个工件的邻接的接触面，并随即在冷却时在压力作用下出现相互连接，工件具有至少一个支承面，其特征为，加工头(15)具有聚光装置(2、8)来把激光束(14)聚焦到接触面上，并具有施压装置(4)来压合工件(6、7、19)。
7.按权利要求6的装置，其特征为，加工头(15)在面向工件(6、7、19)的一端上具有一个对激光束(14)透明的球(3)或辊(18)。
8.按权利要求7的装置，其特征为，球(3)或辊(18)是可旋转支承的。
9.按权利要求8的装置，其特征为，加工头(15)具有一个空腔(16)，一根光导纤维(1)的一端引入该空腔中，以便输入激光束，在该空腔中，设置有光学装置(2、8)来形成和控制激光束，并在其下端可旋转地支承球(3)或辊(18)。
10.按权利要求9的装置，其特征为，在空腔(16)中可接入一个测温装置(11)。
11.按权利要求6至9任一项的装置，其特征为，加工头(15)做成弹性的。
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CN110899962A (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-03-24 苏州德吉克激光设备有限公司 一种光纤激光切割器的智能调焦设备及其调焦方法
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CN115195138B (zh) * 2021-04-13 2024-05-10 莱丹科技股份公司 用于通过激光透射焊接来接合热塑性工件的系统

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