JP2964165B2 - 潤滑性グリース組成物 - Google Patents

潤滑性グリース組成物

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Publication number
JP2964165B2
JP2964165B2 JP3504602A JP50460291A JP2964165B2 JP 2964165 B2 JP2964165 B2 JP 2964165B2 JP 3504602 A JP3504602 A JP 3504602A JP 50460291 A JP50460291 A JP 50460291A JP 2964165 B2 JP2964165 B2 JP 2964165B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
lithium
acid
grease composition
grease
lubricating grease
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP3504602A
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English (en)
Other versions
JPH05504369A (ja
Inventor
マダー,ボルフガング
グルン,ゲオルグ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BORUFUGANKU FURANTSU EBERUHARUTO MADAA
GEORUKU GURYUUN
Original Assignee
BORUFUGANKU FURANTSU EBERUHARUTO MADAA
GEORUKU GURYUUN
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Application filed by BORUFUGANKU FURANTSU EBERUHARUTO MADAA, GEORUKU GURYUUN filed Critical BORUFUGANKU FURANTSU EBERUHARUTO MADAA
Publication of JPH05504369A publication Critical patent/JPH05504369A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2964165B2 publication Critical patent/JP2964165B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M117/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
    • C10M117/04Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、潤滑性グリース組成物に関し、より詳しく
はリチウム石ケンで増粘したグリース組成物に関する。
リチウム石ケングリースは周知であり、多数の自動車
用及び工業用用途、例えばベアリング、歯車及び軸継手
に用いられている。リチウム石ケングリース及び特にリ
チウム石ケンコンプレックス(complex)グリースは、
屡々高温の用途に好まれるが、このグリースは、約120
℃を越える温度では寿命が限られているという欠点があ
る。それは油がグリースから分離する(ブリード)傾向
があり、従ってグリースを頻繁に再施用する必要がある
からである。
本発明は、高温度で長時間の寿命を有するリチウムコ
ンプレックスグリースを提供する。より詳しくは、本発
明は、大部分の割合の潤滑用基油、増粘量のリチウム石
ケンコンプレックス及び有効量の、金属がモリブデン、
タングステン、バナジウム、ニオブ及びタンタルから選
ばれる有機金属化合物を含む潤滑用グリース組成物を提
供する。
本発明のグリースは、高温での寿命が大いに改善され
るという利点を持つ。この改善は、約120〜160℃で特に
明らかである。このグリースは他のリチウム石ケン含有
グリースに較べて油をブリードする傾向が低い。従っ
て、このグリースを用いることによって、グリースを施
用すべき機械部分の満足な潤滑を維持するに必要な再施
用の回数は、かなり減らしうる。ある場合には、機械部
分が密閉された容器中に入れられているときは、このグ
リースは「終身」の潤滑を与えうる。即ち、その機械部
分の寿命の間グリースは更新される必要はない。そのよ
うな施用の例としては、自動車のころがり軸受及び滑り
軸受がある。
グリース中に存在するリチウム石ケンコンプレックス
の量は、組成物全量基準にして、好ましくは2〜30重量
%、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。前記リチウムコン
プレックス石ケンはC12〜C24のヒドロキシ脂肪酸のリチ
ウム石ケン及び少なくとも1種の他のリチウム化合物を
含むのが好ましい。この他のリチウム化合物は、有利に
は、C2〜C12の脂肪族ジカルボン酸のリチウム石ケンも
しくはホウ酸のリチウム塩、又はこれらの混合物であ
る。
より好ましくは、前記ヒドロキシ脂肪酸のリチウム石
ケンはC16〜C20のヒドロキシ脂肪酸である。特に好まし
いヒドロキシ脂肪酸は、ヒドロキシステアリン酸、例え
ば9−ヒドロキシ−、10−ヒドロキシ−、又は12−ヒド
ロキシステアリン酸、更に好ましくは後者、である。12
−ヒドロキシステアリン酸の不飽和形で、二重結合を9
−10位に有するリシノール酸も用いうる。他の適当なヒ
ドロキシ脂肪酸としては、12−ヒドロキシベンゼン酸及
び10−ヒドロキシパルミチン酸がある。
他のリチウム含有化合物が脂肪族ジカルボン酸である
場合は、用いられるヒドロキシ脂肪酸に対するジカルボ
ン酸の比は、重量比にして、ヒドロキシ脂肪酸1部あた
り、一般に、0.05部と1部の間、通常、0.1部と0.8部の
間である。前記ジカルボン酸は、好ましくはC4〜C
12の、より好ましくはC6〜C10の脂肪族ジカルボン酸で
ある。適当な酸の例としては、蓚酸、マロン酸、コハク
酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、ピメリン
酸、アゼライン酸、ドデカンジオン酸(dodecanedionic
acid)及びセバシン酸がある。アゼライン酸及びセバシ
ン酸が特に好ましい。
他のリチウム含有化合物がホウ酸のリチウム塩である
ときは、用いられるホウ酸に対するヒドロキシ脂肪酸の
割合は、一般に、重量比にして、ホウ酸1部に対してヒ
ドロキシ脂肪酸3〜100部、通常5〜80部である。
このリチウム石ケンコンプレックスは、第2のヒドロ
キシカルボン酸をも含みうる。これは、一般に炭素原子
数3〜14であり、カルボキシル基から離れること6炭素
以下の原子に付いた−OH基を有する。この酸は、例えば
乳酸、6−ヒドロキシデカン酸、3−ヒドロキシ酪酸、
1−ヒドロキシカプロン酸、4−ヒドロキシ酪酸、6−
ヒドロキシ−α−ヒドロキシステアリン酸等、又は芳香
族酸、例えばp−ヒドロキシ−安息香酸、サリチル酸、
2−ヒドロキシ−4−ヘキシル安息香酸、m−ヒドロキ
シ安息香酸、2,5−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸(ゲンチシン
酸)、2,6−ジヒドロキシ安息香酸(γ−レゾルシン
酸)、4−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシ安息香酸等、又は
ヒドロキシ芳香族脂肪族酸、例えばo−ヒドロキシフェ
ニル酢酸、m−ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、もしくは、p
−ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸である。脂環式ヒドロキシ
酸、例えばヒドロキシシクロペンチルカルボン酸又はヒ
ドロキシナフテン酸も用いえよう。特に有用なヒドロキ
シ酸は、乳酸、サリチル酸及びp−ヒドロキシ安息香酸
である。
これらフリーの酸に代えて、上記第2のヒドロキシカ
ルボン酸の低級アルキルエステル、通常はC1〜C4エステ
ルを用いうる。不溶性塩のエステル助剤分散液としてホ
ウ酸が用いられるときは、これは特に有利である。好ま
しいエステルの例として、サリチル酸メチルがある。グ
リース組成物中に第2のヒドロキシカルボン酸が用いら
れるときは、その割合は、重量比にして、前記他のリチ
ウム含有化合物の酸成分、例えばホウ酸1部あたり、第
2ヒドロキシカルボン酸が一般に0.1〜10部、通常は0.5
〜5部である。
前記有機金属化合物の金属は、好ましくは、モリブデ
ンである。この化合物の有機成分は、好ましくは、チオ
カルバメート又はキサンテートである。従って好ましい
有機金属化合物はチオカルバミン酸モリブデン化合物類
及びキサントゲン酸モリブデン化合物類である。ジアル
キルジチオカルバミン酸モリブデン及びジアルキルジチ
オカルバミン酸モリブデン酸化硫化物(oxysulfide)。
グリース組成物中に存在する有機金属化合物の好まし
い量は、組成物の全重量基準で0.1〜10重量%であり、
より好ましくは0.5〜5重量%である。この有機金属化
合物は耐摩耗性添加剤として働き、グリースの高温寿命
を長くする。
好ましい態様においては、本発明のグリースは、酸化
防止剤も含んでいてもよく、これは組成物全重量を基準
にして0.1〜5重量%、好ましくは0.5〜3重量%で存在
する。用いられる酸化防止剤は、好ましくは、アミンベ
ースの酸化防止剤化合物で、例えばアルキルジフェニル
アミンである。
このグリース組成物に用いられる潤滑用基油は、一般
に用いられている潤滑油の基油のいずれでもよく、好ま
しくは、鉱油又は鉱油と合成油の配合物である。一般に
これらの潤滑油は210゜Fで35〜300SUSの範囲内の或る粘
度、及び30〜170、好ましくは、30〜140の範囲内の或る
粘度指数を持つ。このグリースを調製するのに用いられ
る鉱物性潤滑油ベースストック(base stock)として
は、ポラフィン性基原油(base crude)、ナフテン性
基原油及び混合基原油から誘導される一般的に精製され
たベースストックのいずれであってもよい。用いうる合
成潤滑用油としては、二塩基酸のエステル、例えばセバ
シン酸ジ−2−エチルヘキシル、グリコールのエステル
例えばテトラエチレングリコールのC13オキソ酸ジエス
テル、又は複合エステル、例えば1モルのセバシン酸及
び2モルのテトラエチレングリコール及び2モルの2−
エチルヘキサン酸から形成されるものが例示できる。用
いうる他の合成油としては、合成炭化水素、例えばアル
キルベンゼン、例えばベンゼンをテトラプロピレンでア
ルキル化して得られるアルキレートボトム(bottom)、
又はα−オレフィンのポリマー又はコポリマー;シリコ
ーン油、例えばエチルフェニルポリシロキサン、メチル
ポリシロキサン等;ポリグリコールオイル、例えばブチ
ルアルコールをプロピレンオキサイドで縮合して得られ
るもの;カーボネートエステル、例えばC8オキソアルコ
ールをエチルカーボネートと反応させて半エステルを形
成した後この半エステルをテトラエチレングリコールと
反応させて得られる製品等を含む。他の適当な合成油と
しては、ポリフェニルエーテル、例えば約3〜7エーテ
ル結合及び約4〜8のフェニル基を有するもの(米国特
許No.3,424,678、カラム3を参照のこと)がある。
本発明のグリースは、高温での寿命が長いという利点
に加えてリチウムコンプレックスグリースに付随する通
常の利点も保持するという長所をも持つ。
以下の例によって本発明を説明する。これらの例の全
グリースは、NLGIグレード2のコンシステンシーとなる
ように作った。即ち、全グリースは、ASTM法D217又はD2
665で測定して、25℃での60往復混和ちょう度が265〜29
5である。
例1〜4 例1〜3は、ヒドロキシ脂肪酸のリチウム石ケン及び
脂肪族ビスカルボン酸のリチウム石ケンを含むリチウム
コンプレックスをベースにした本発明のグリース組成物
を例示する。例4は、同じリチウム石ケンコンプレック
スを用いる比較例である。
例1〜4の試験結果は表1にまとめて示す。
例1 リチウムコンプレックスグリースを、次の成分と配合
した: 成分 Wt% パラフィン基油 80.5 (V40=150mm2/s、VI=91) 水酸化リチウム一水塩 2.5 12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸 11.0 アゼライン酸 2.0 ジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸 モリブデン酸化硫化物 2.5 アルキルジフェニルアミン 1.5 (1)V40=40℃での粘度、VI=粘度指数 (2)アサヒ電化工業(株)からSakuralube 600とし
て供給された。
(3)チバ−ガイギー社からIrganox L57として供給さ
れた。
前記基油成分及びリチウム石ケンコンプレックス成分
は英国特許No.1,384,904の例1に述べられたようにして
配合した。次いでこのグリースにジアルキルジチオカル
バミン酸モリブデン酸化硫化物(molybudenum oxysulph
ide dialkyldithiocarbamate)(MDDC)及びアルキルジ
フェニルアミン添加剤を加え、このグリースを通常のグ
リースミルを用いて粉砕した。
このグリースの高温での寿命は、標準試験DIN 51821
T2A/1500/6000に従って測定した。この試験において
は、5つのベアリングが1セットになったものを、特定
の温度、荷重及び速度の条件の下で運転する。潤滑飢餓
のために、必要な駆動運動量が高くなり過ぎると、同期
発電機は、自動的に運転停止する。こうして5つの潤滑
油の寿命が得られ、次のデータが計算される: F10:これは、その後にベアリングの最初の10%が潤滑飢
餓を起こす時間を表わす。
F50:これは、その後にベアリングの50%が潤滑飢餓を起
こす時間を表わす。
ある与えられた温度でF50の値が少なくとも100時間で
あるグリースは、その温度での終身の潤滑剤とみなされ
る。
試験の結果を以下の第1表に示す。
例2 用いたMDDCがVanderbilt Company Inc.からMolyvan A
として供給されたことを除いて、例1と同様にしてグリ
ース組成物を配合した。
このグリースを例1に述べたのと同様にして試験し
た。その結果を以下の第1表に示す。
例3 アルキルジフェニルアミンを除き、MDDCの量を3重量
%に増した他は、例1と同様にしてグリース組成物を配
合した。基油の量を81.5重量%に増すことによりバラン
スをとった。
このグリースを例1に述べたようにして試験した。そ
の結果を以下の第1表に示す。
例4 例1〜3のグリースを従来のリチウムコンプレックス
石ケングリースと比較した。このグリースは、上記例と
同じ基油及びリチウムコンプレックスを含んでいたが、
モリブデン化合物もアルキルジフェニルアミンも含んで
いなかった。
この比較用グリースを例1に述べたようにして試験し
た。その結果を以下の第1表に示す。
本発明のグリース組成物は、同じ基油及びリチウムコ
ンプレックスを用いる比較グリースよりも大巾に長い寿
命を持つことを、この結果は示している。例えば、140
℃で、グリース1は比較グリース4の5倍以上の寿命を
持っている。
例5及び6 これらの2つの例は、ヒドロキシ脂肪酸のリチウム石
ケン及びホウ酸のリチウム塩を含むリチウムコンプレッ
クスに基づく本発明のグリースを明示し、かつこのグリ
ースを、同じリチウム石ケンコンプレックスを含む従来
のグリースと比較する。その結果をまとめて第2表に示
す。
例5 次の成分を用いてグリース組成物を配合した: 成分 Wt% パラフィン基油 78.3% (V40=110mm2/s、VI=95) 水酸化リチウム一水和物 3.5 12−ヒドロキシステアリン酸 11.0 ホウ酸 0.9 サリチル酸メチル 2.3 MDDC2 2.5 アルキルジフェニルアミン 1.5 (1)V40=40℃での粘度、VI=粘度指数 (2)アサヒ電化工業(株)からSakuralube 600とし
て供給された。
(3)チバ−ガイギー社からIrganox L57として供給さ
れた。
前記基油成分及びリチウム石ケンコンプレックス成分
を米国特許No.3,758,497の例2に述べられたようにして
配合した。次いでMDDC及びアルキルジフェニルアミン添
加剤を加え、このグリースを通常のグリースミルを用い
て粉砕した。
このグリースを例1に述べられたようにして試験し
た。その結果を、以下の第2表に示す。
例6 比較のためにMDDC及びアルキルジフェニルアミンを除
いた他は、例5のグリースと同じリチウム石ケンコンプ
レックスを含む通常のリチウムコンプレックスグリース
を、例1に述べたようにして試験した。その結果を以下
の第2表に示す。
これらの結果は、160℃でのF10寿命は約60時間で互い
に匹敵するが、グリース5、即ち本発明のグリースのF
50寿命は、比較グリース6のF50寿命よりも1.7倍大き
い。
例7 前記パラフィン基油を、全グリース組成物を基準にし
て28.5重量%のポリ−α−オレフィン(V40=48mm2/s、
V100=7.9mm2/s)及び全グリース組成物を基準にして50
重量%のパラフィン基油(V40=100mm2/s、V100=12mm2
/s)の基油配合物で置き換える他は例2と同様にしてグ
リース組成物を配合した。前記の配合した基油は次の粘
度を示した: V40=80mm2/s、V100=10.3mm2/s、VI=111。
このグリースを160℃で例1に述べたのと同様にして
試験した。F10の結果は101時間であり、F50の結果は134
時間であった。従ってこのグリースを高温度で長い寿命
を示した。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 FI C10M 135/18 C10M 135/18 // C10N 10:02 30:08 40:02 40:04 50:10 (72)発明者 グルン,ゲオルグ ドイツ連邦共和国,デー―5357 スビシ ュトタール,ミューレンベルク 19 (56)参考文献 特開 平3−131692(JP,A) 特開 昭61−83295(JP,A) 特開 昭57−172996(JP,A) 特開 昭62−207397(JP,A) 特開 昭59−11397(JP,A) 特公 昭49−6362(JP,B1) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) C10M 169/06 C10M 113/08 C10M 117/04 C10M 133/12 C10M 135/18,135/14

Claims (9)

    (57)【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項1】(i)大部分の割合の潤滑用基油、(ii)
    2〜30重量%のリチウムコンプレックス増粘剤、(ii
    i)モリブデン、タングステン、バナジウム、ニオブ及
    びタンタルから選ばれる金属を含む0.1〜10重量%のチ
    オカルバミン酸塩又はキサントンゲン酸塩、並びに(i
    v)0.1〜5重量%のアミン酸化防止性化合物を含み(但
    し、重量%は全重量基準とする)、前記リチウムコンプ
    レックス増粘剤がC12〜C24のヒドロキシ脂肪酸のリチウ
    ム石ケン及び少なくとも1つの他のリチウム含有化合物
    を含んでいる、潤滑用グリース組成物。
  2. 【請求項2】前記チオカルバミン酸塩又はキサントンゲ
    ン酸塩の金属がモリブデンである、請求項1に記載の潤
    滑用グリース組成物。
  3. 【請求項3】成分(iii)がジアルキルジチオカルバミ
    ン酸モリブデン又はジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸モリ
    ブデン酸化硫化物である、請求項1又は2に記載の潤滑
    用グリース組成物。
  4. 【請求項4】0.1〜3重量%の成分(iv)を含む、請求
    項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の潤滑用グリース組成
    物。
  5. 【請求項5】前記酸化防止剤がアルキルジフェニルアミ
    ンである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の潤滑用
    グリース組成物。
  6. 【請求項6】前記他のリチウム含有化合物がC2〜C12
    脂肪ジカルボン酸のリチウム石ケンである、請求項1〜
    5のいずれか1つに記載の潤滑用グリース組成物。
  7. 【請求項7】前記他のリチウム含有化合物がホウ酸のリ
    チウム塩である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の
    潤滑用グリース組成物。
  8. 【請求項8】前記リチウム石ケンコンプレックスが、カ
    ルボキシル基から離れること6炭素以下に−OH基を有す
    るC3〜C14のヒドロキシカルボン酸のリチウム石ケンも
    含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の潤滑用グリ
    ース組成物。
  9. 【請求項9】前記基油が鉱油又は鉱油と合成油との混合
    物である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の潤滑用
    グリース組成物。
JP3504602A 1990-03-07 1991-03-05 潤滑性グリース組成物 Expired - Fee Related JP2964165B2 (ja)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9223945D0 (en) * 1992-11-14 1993-01-06 Gkn Technology Ltd Greases
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EP0523064A1 (en) 1993-01-20
GB2241707A (en) 1991-09-11
EP0523064B1 (en) 1994-03-09
WO1991013955A1 (en) 1991-09-19
DE69101376T2 (de) 1994-07-07
DE69101376D1 (de) 1994-04-14
CA2077555A1 (en) 1991-09-08
JPH05504369A (ja) 1993-07-08
GB9005104D0 (en) 1990-05-02

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