JP2023526729A - ポリビニルアルコール、ポリウレタンおよび固定化物質を含むゲルおよびゲルビーズ - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコール、ポリウレタンおよび固定化物質を含むゲルおよびゲルビーズ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023526729A JP2023526729A JP2022560377A JP2022560377A JP2023526729A JP 2023526729 A JP2023526729 A JP 2023526729A JP 2022560377 A JP2022560377 A JP 2022560377A JP 2022560377 A JP2022560377 A JP 2022560377A JP 2023526729 A JP2023526729 A JP 2023526729A
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
Description
2014年の出願では、これらのゲルビーズにPVAは記載されていなかった。以前、Hwangらは(https://www.slideserve.com/tiara/pu-pva)、2005 年にPU/PVA固定化細胞ビーズを発表した。PU/PVA固定化セルビーズとPUゲルビーズについての議論はほとんどない。その理由は、得られた物理的構造が非常に弱く、フィルターとして使用したり、他の精製や他の処理方法に使用したりするのに適していないためである。
この実施形態では、加熱されないPU/PVAゲルビーズを使用して、藻類、地元の石油化学活性汚泥システムからの硝化剤、およびAzoo(新北市、台湾)から購入した純粋な脱窒培養物を培養した。PU/PVAゲルビーズの組成は、285mLの逆浸透水と60mLの微生物溶液 (2g/L) の混合物中の10%PVA(36g)と2.3%PU(固形分55%で15g)であった。結果は、2~3日以内に藻類が成長したことを示した。硝化剤の培養は、槽の底にピンク色を示した。800mg/Lで供給された尿素は、3日間の流加培養中に1リットルのエアスパージャーで完全に利用された。脱窒プロセスにより窒素が放出され、PU/PVAゲルビーズが水面に浮かんだ。NO3の濃度は、2日間の流加培養で完全に利用された。これは、本発明のPU/PVAゲルビーズの物理的および化学的構造の改良が以前の欠点を有しておらず、生物分野で使用される微生物などの固定化物質の物質移動能力を可能にする証拠である。
Claims (34)
- 1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する方法であって、以下のステップ(a)から(e)を連続的にまたは組み合わせて行うことを含む:
(a)1つ以上の陰イオンまたは陰イオン放出化合物を含有するポリウレタン(PU)およびポリビニルアルコール(PVA)のスラリー溶液(PU/PVAスラリー溶液)を形成するステップと、
(b)1つ以上の固定化物質をPU/PVAスラリー溶液に混合するステップと、
(c)ホウ酸溶液をPU/PVAスラリー溶液と1つ以上の固定化物質と混合し、1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPU/PVAゲルまたはPU/PVAゲルビーズを形成するステップと、
(d)1つ以上の硬化剤を1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPU/PVAゲルまたはPU/PVAゲルビーズに混合するステップと、
(e)任意に、1つ以上の強化剤を1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPU/PVAゲルまたはPU/PVAゲルビーズに混合するステップと、を含む、
1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する方法。 - 前記1つ以上の陰イオンまたは陰イオン放出化合物は、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、および/またはホウ酸塩の陰イオンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)におけるPU/PVAゲルまたはPU/PVAゲルビーズの形成は、滴下装置、押出機、または表面上への塗布により行うことができる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の硬化剤は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、他の金属イオン、および/またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属は、Li+、Na+、K+、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ土類金属は、Ca2+、Mg2+および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記他の金属イオンは、Al3+、Fe2+、Fe+3、Zn2+およびCu2+、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 任意に、1つ以上の強化剤は、(a)ポリアクリル酸、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリアクリルアミド、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される合成繊維と、(b)藻類、セルロース、パルプ、綿、リネン、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される天然繊維と、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 固定化される物質は、微生物、細胞、酵素、非酵素化学物質、汚泥、またはこれらの材料の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- (a)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを基質に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して基質を精製するステップと、
(c)精製された基質から、請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
基質を精製する方法。 - 水溶液処理方法であって、
廃水処理、水産養殖水処理、水族館の水処理、化学プロセス溶液の処理および生産、製造プロセス溶液の処理および生産、バイオ燃料およびバイオディーゼル生産、抗生物質プロセス溶液の処理または生産、および/またはその他の製薬プロセス溶液の処理または生産を含み、
(a)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを水溶液に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、化学的酸素要求量を減らし、臭気を減らし、脱窒、硝化により、水溶液を処理および/または水溶液を精製するステップと、
(c)処理された水溶液から、請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
水溶液処理方法。 - (a)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを気体に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、揮発性有機化合物を減らし、臭気を減らすことにより、気体を処理および/または気体を精製するステップと、
(c)処理された気体から、請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
気体処理方法。 - (a)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを、臭気を有する基質に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、臭気を減らすことにより、臭気を有する基質を処理するステップと、
(c)処理された臭気を有する基質から、請求項10に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
臭気を有する基質の臭気処理方法。 - 1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する方法であって、以下のステップ(a)から(e)を連続的にまたは組み合わせて行うことを含む:
(a)1つ以上のエーテル化化合物を含有し、任意に、1つ以上の陰イオンまたは陰イオン放出化合物を含有するPVAスラリー溶液を形成するステップと、
(b)1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPVAスラリー溶液に混合するステップと、
(c)ホウ酸溶液をPVAスラリー溶液に混合し、1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPVAゲルまたはPVAゲルビーズを形成するステップと、
(d)1つ以上の硬化剤を1つ以上の固定化物質を含むPU/PVAゲルまたはPU/PVAゲルビーズに混合するステップと、
(e)任意に、1つ以上の強化剤を固定化される1つ以上の物質を含むPVAゲルまたはPVAゲルビーズに混合するステップと、を含む
1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する方法。 - ステップ(a)におけるエーテル化化合物は、硫酸または別の酸である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の陰イオンまたは陰イオン放出化合物は、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、および/またはホウ酸塩の陰イオンを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)における前記PVAスラリー溶液のpHが約pH7未満である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)における前記PVAスラリー溶液のpHが約pH5.5である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)における前記PVAスラリー溶液のpHが約pH3を超える、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)におけるPVAゲルまたはPVAゲルビーズの形成は、滴下装置、押出機、または表面上への塗布により行うことができる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の硬化剤は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、他の金属イオン、および/またはそれらの混合物を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ金属は、Li+、Na+、K+、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ土類金属は、Ca2+、Mg2+および/またはそれらの混合物からからなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記他の金属イオンは、Al3+、Fe2+、Fe+3、Zn2+およびCu2+、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 任意に、1つ以上の強化剤は、(a)ポリアクリル酸、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリアクリルアミド、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される合成繊維と、(b)藻類、セルロース、パルプ、綿、リネン、および/またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される天然繊維と、を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 固定化される物質は、微生物、細胞、酵素、非酵素化学物質、汚泥、またはこれらの材料の混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを製造する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- (a)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを基質に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して基質を精製するステップと、
(c)精製された基質から、請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
基質を精製する方法。 - 水溶液処理方法であって、
廃水処理、水産養殖水処理、水族館の水処理、化学プロセス溶液の処理および生産、製造プロセス溶液の処理および生産、バイオ燃料およびバイオディーゼル生産、抗生物質プロセス溶液の処理または生産、および/またはその他の製薬プロセス溶液の処理または生産を含み、
(a)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを水溶液に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、化学的酸素要求量を減らし、臭気を減らし、脱窒、硝化により、水溶液を処理および/または水溶液を精製するステップと、
(c)処理された水溶液から、請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
水溶液処理方法。 - (a)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを気体に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、揮発性有機化合物を減らし、臭気を減らすことにより、気体を処理および/または気体を精製するステップと、
(c)処理された気体から、請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
気体処理方法。 - (a)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを、臭気を有する基質に応用するステップと、
(b)請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを使用して、臭気を減らすことにより、臭気を有する基質を処理するステップと、
(c)処理された臭気を有する基質から、請求項28に記載の1つ以上の固定化物質を含むゲルまたはゲルビーズを回収するステップと、を含む、
臭気を有する基質の臭気処理方法。 - (a)架橋PVAユニットと、
(b)微生物、細胞、酵素および/または他の材料から選択される、1つ以上の固定化物質と、を含み
(c)約3mmから約5mmのサイズであり、
(d)約0.03kg/cm2以上の硬度であり、
(e)応用においてゲルビーズを1週間使用した後、前記ゲルビーズからのPVAまたは固定化物質の漏出が約10%未満である、
応用分野で使用されるゲルビーズ。 - PUユニットおよびPVAユニットをさらに含む、請求項33に記載のゲルビーズ。
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