JP2022548052A - 3dプリンティング用途における使用のための高屈折率モノマーを含有する光硬化性組成物 - Google Patents

3dプリンティング用途における使用のための高屈折率モノマーを含有する光硬化性組成物 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2022548052A
JP2022548052A JP2022516133A JP2022516133A JP2022548052A JP 2022548052 A JP2022548052 A JP 2022548052A JP 2022516133 A JP2022516133 A JP 2022516133A JP 2022516133 A JP2022516133 A JP 2022516133A JP 2022548052 A JP2022548052 A JP 2022548052A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
acrylate
meth
photocurable composition
weight
monomer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2022516133A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2022548052A5 (OSRAM
Inventor
ヤン・シュトルツ
ノエミ・フェイレ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arkema France SA
Original Assignee
Arkema France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arkema France SA filed Critical Arkema France SA
Publication of JP2022548052A publication Critical patent/JP2022548052A/ja
Publication of JP2022548052A5 publication Critical patent/JP2022548052A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
    • C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
    • C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
    • C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
    • C08F220/301—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and one oxygen in the alcohol moiety
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C08F226/06—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
    • C08F226/12—N-Vinylcarbazole
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
    • C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
JP2022516133A 2019-09-12 2020-09-11 3dプリンティング用途における使用のための高屈折率モノマーを含有する光硬化性組成物 Pending JP2022548052A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962899182P 2019-09-12 2019-09-12
US62/899,182 2019-09-12
PCT/IB2020/000754 WO2021048628A1 (en) 2019-09-12 2020-09-11 Photo-curable compositions containing high refractive index monomers for use in 3d printing applications

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2022548052A true JP2022548052A (ja) 2022-11-16
JP2022548052A5 JP2022548052A5 (OSRAM) 2023-08-31

Family

ID=73013764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2022516133A Pending JP2022548052A (ja) 2019-09-12 2020-09-11 3dプリンティング用途における使用のための高屈折率モノマーを含有する光硬化性組成物

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US12492275B2 (OSRAM)
EP (1) EP4028480A1 (OSRAM)
JP (1) JP2022548052A (OSRAM)
KR (1) KR20220062041A (OSRAM)
CN (1) CN114651049A (OSRAM)
IL (1) IL291203A (OSRAM)
TW (1) TWI842949B (OSRAM)
WO (1) WO2021048628A1 (OSRAM)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023550694A (ja) * 2020-11-13 2023-12-05 メタ プラットフォームズ テクノロジーズ, リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 体積ブラッググレーティングのための置換モノフェニルコアモノマー及び置換ポリフェニルコアモノマー並びにそれらのポリマー

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113077921B (zh) * 2021-03-23 2024-03-19 深圳市宁鹏时代科技有限公司 生物微流控芯片3d打印电极材料与3d打印电极及其制备方法
EP4334403A1 (en) * 2021-05-07 2024-03-13 Basf Se Radiation-curable composition to produce support sub-structure for 3d photopolymer jetting
CN113968734B (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-08-16 重庆文理学院 一种高致密度氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法
CN113896528B (zh) * 2021-11-15 2022-07-26 重庆文理学院 一种dlp-3d打印制备高性能氧化锆陶瓷材料的方法
CN114368972B (zh) * 2022-01-21 2023-02-28 中国地质大学(武汉) 可见光3d打印光固化陶瓷浆料、制备方法及打印方法
CN115385834B (zh) * 2022-08-15 2023-11-03 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种高折射率树枝状(甲基)丙烯酸酯类单体及其制备方法和应用
TW202421415A (zh) * 2022-09-12 2024-06-01 新加坡國立大學 用於積層製造的漿料
CN115572163B (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-04-25 河南驼人医疗器械研究院有限公司 一种提高光固化打印精度及力学性能的氧化锆陶瓷浆料及其制备方法
WO2024124024A1 (en) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-13 3D Systems, Inc. Inks for 3d printing having high modulus and dispersion stability
KR102920961B1 (ko) * 2023-06-30 2026-02-02 국립목포대학교산학협력단 디지털 라이트 프로세싱 3d 프린터용 슬러리 조성물 및 이를 이용한 지르코니아 소결체 제조방법

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019021294A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Stratasys Ltd. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING METHODS USING MATERIAL HAVING PROPERTIES OF A SOFT BODY TISSUE

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5496682A (en) 1993-10-15 1996-03-05 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Three dimensional sintered inorganic structures using photopolymerization
US6117612A (en) 1995-04-24 2000-09-12 Regents Of The University Of Michigan Stereolithography resin for rapid prototyping of ceramics and metals
US6283997B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2001-09-04 The Trustees Of Princeton University Controlled architecture ceramic composites by stereolithography
US6281319B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-08-28 Surgidev Corporation Water plasticized high refractive index polymer for ophthalmic applications
FR2835827B1 (fr) 2002-02-08 2004-04-30 Ct De Transfert De Technologie Procede et composition pour fabriquer une piece en matiere ceramique par prototypage rapide et pieces obtenues
FR2835828B1 (fr) 2002-02-08 2006-07-14 Ct De Transfert De Technologie Procede et composition pour la fabrication de pieces ceramiques par stereo-lithophotographie et application au domaine dentaire
US6833391B1 (en) 2003-05-27 2004-12-21 General Electric Company Curable (meth)acrylate compositions
US7271283B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2007-09-18 General Electric Company High refractive index, UV-curable monomers and coating compositions prepared therefrom
TWI431416B (zh) 2005-10-27 2014-03-21 3D系統公司 不含銻之光可固化樹脂組合物及三維物件
CN101300527B (zh) * 2005-10-27 2011-11-23 亨斯迈先进材料(瑞士)有限公司 含有包括环丁二醇的聚酯和均质聚酰胺共混物的透明、多层制品的制备
DE102005058121B4 (de) 2005-11-29 2007-11-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen keramischer Bauteile, insbesondere elektrisch isolierender Bauteile
CN103170618A (zh) 2009-09-30 2013-06-26 大日本印刷株式会社 金属微粒分散体、导电性基板的制造方法及导电性基板
KR101311333B1 (ko) * 2010-06-18 2013-10-14 주식회사 블루폴리텍 자기복원성 자외선 경화형 수지 및 광학필름용 자기복원성 자외선 경화형 수지 조성물
TWI465534B (zh) * 2010-12-31 2014-12-21 Eternal Materials Co Ltd 可光固化之黏著組合物
US20130179215A1 (en) 2012-01-10 2013-07-11 Bank Of America Corporation Risk assessment of relationships
CN102827500B (zh) 2012-07-16 2015-09-16 长兴(中国)投资有限公司 一种抗刮且耐磨的组合物及其制备方法和应用
AR100394A1 (es) 2014-05-02 2016-10-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Promotores de adhesión de fosfato
AU2016220438B2 (en) 2015-02-16 2019-06-06 Alcon Inc. Wet-pack intraocular lens materials with high refractive index
WO2016199611A1 (ja) * 2015-06-08 2016-12-15 富士フイルム株式会社 3次元印刷用活性光線硬化型インクジェットインクセット、3次元印刷方法、及び、3次元印刷システム
US20190211219A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2019-07-11 Jnc Corporation Ink composition and organic electroluminescent element using the same
US11584863B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2023-02-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Curable high refractive index ink compositions and articles prepared from the ink compositions
CN107383253A (zh) 2017-06-12 2017-11-24 西安交通大学 一种用于光固化增材制造的生物陶瓷浆料
KR20190001796A (ko) 2017-06-28 2019-01-07 주식회사 케이씨씨 광경화성 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 성형품
KR20190001791A (ko) 2017-06-28 2019-01-07 주식회사 케이씨씨 광경화성 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 성형품
US11667803B2 (en) * 2017-07-26 2023-06-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Curable high refractive index ink compositions and articles prepared from the ink compositions
CN107915485A (zh) 2017-11-28 2018-04-17 广东工业大学 一种压电陶瓷的制备方法
CN107935591B (zh) 2017-12-01 2021-03-23 广东工业大学 一种改性锆钛酸铅粉体、其制备方法及压电陶瓷成型坯体
CN108083818B (zh) 2017-12-29 2021-10-22 深圳长朗智能科技有限公司 结构增强的光固化树脂基陶瓷复合材料及胚体脱脂方法
CN108218440B (zh) 2017-12-29 2021-10-22 深圳长朗智能科技有限公司 光固化树脂基陶瓷复合材料及陶瓷胚体脱脂方法
CN108249930B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2021-10-22 深圳长朗智能科技有限公司 提供光洁轮廓的光固化树脂基陶瓷复合材料及胚体脱脂方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019021294A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Stratasys Ltd. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING METHODS USING MATERIAL HAVING PROPERTIES OF A SOFT BODY TISSUE

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023550694A (ja) * 2020-11-13 2023-12-05 メタ プラットフォームズ テクノロジーズ, リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 体積ブラッググレーティングのための置換モノフェニルコアモノマー及び置換ポリフェニルコアモノマー並びにそれらのポリマー

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20220062041A (ko) 2022-05-13
EP4028480A1 (en) 2022-07-20
US20240052081A1 (en) 2024-02-15
WO2021048628A1 (en) 2021-03-18
US12492275B2 (en) 2025-12-09
CN114651049A (zh) 2022-06-21
TWI842949B (zh) 2024-05-21
TW202115141A (zh) 2021-04-16
IL291203A (en) 2022-05-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI842949B (zh) 用於3d列印應用之含有高折射率單體的光可固化組成物
JP7555331B2 (ja) 非酸化物セラミック物品を製造するための積層造形方法、並びにエアロゲル、キセロゲル、及び多孔質セラミック物品
US10934397B2 (en) Resin formulations for polymer-derived ceramic materials
CN100574942C (zh) 硬质合金体的凝胶浇铸方法
US11390563B2 (en) Ceramic slurries for additive manufacturing techniques
CN101094898B (zh) 多光子可聚合性前陶瓷聚合组合物
TWI245786B (en) Calcium aluminate cement compositions for solid freeform fabrication
CN115697942A (zh) 由三维成型物制造烧结产品的方法和3d成型用喷墨墨
TW201930363A (zh) 苯乙烯馬來醯胺嵌段共聚物顏料分散劑
CN108249930B (zh) 提供光洁轮廓的光固化树脂基陶瓷复合材料及胚体脱脂方法
WO2021097320A1 (en) Compositions and methods for three-dimensional printing
CN112479723A (zh) 陶瓷浆料及其制备方法和应用
JP5175443B2 (ja) 安定化された不飽和ポリエステル樹脂混合物
US20190048118A1 (en) Low-temperature radical polymerisation of alkoxyamines
JP2017538831A (ja) アルコキシアミンの低温ラジカル重合
Xu et al. Fabrication of aluminum nitride ceramics via digital light processing
JP6752677B2 (ja) インクジェットインクおよび当該インクジェットインクを用いた印刷物の製造方法
CN108430667B (zh) 铸造用涂模剂组合物
JP6677729B2 (ja) アルコキシアミンの低温ラジカル重合
TW201843185A (zh) 活性光線硬化型組成物、活性光線硬化型塗料組成物、及此等之製造方法
WO2024197004A2 (en) Actinic or electron beam radiation curable binder for ceramic materials
JP5579769B2 (ja) インク組成物、画像形成方法及び印画物
JP4979408B2 (ja) 熱硬化性組成物及び注型成形品の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20230823

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20230823

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20240724

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20240813

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20250204