JP7555331B2 - 非酸化物セラミック物品を製造するための積層造形方法、並びにエアロゲル、キセロゲル、及び多孔質セラミック物品 - Google Patents
非酸化物セラミック物品を製造するための積層造形方法、並びにエアロゲル、キセロゲル、及び多孔質セラミック物品 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本明細書で使用されるとき、「セラミック」又は「セラミック物品」は、熱を加えることにより作製される非金属材料を意味する。セラミックは、通常、硬く、かつ脆性であり、ガラス又はガラスセラミックとは対照的に、本質的に純粋な結晶質構造を示す。セラミックは通常、無機材料に分類される。「結晶質」とは、三次元の周期的なパターンで配置された原子から構成される(すなわち、X線回折などの技術によって決定され得る長周期結晶構造を有する)固体を意味する。「微結晶」は、画定された結晶構造を有する固体の結晶質ドメインを意味する。微結晶は、1種の結晶相のみを有することができる。
a)光重合性スラリーを得ることであって、この光重合性スラリーが、非酸化物セラミック粒子と、少なくとも1種の放射線硬化性モノマーと、溶媒と、光開始剤と、阻害剤と、少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含む、得ることと、
b)光重合性スラリーを選択的に硬化させてゲル化物品を得ることと、
c)ゲル化物品を乾燥させてエアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を形成することと、
d)エアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を熱処理して多孔質セラミック物品を形成することと、
e)多孔質セラミック物品を焼結して焼結セラミック物品を得ることと、を含む。
本開示の光重合性組成物は、少なくとも1種の非酸化物セラミック材料の粒子を含む。
本開示の光重合性組成物は、少なくとも1種の焼結助剤を含む。焼結助剤は多くの場合、焼結プロセス中に酸素を除去することで補助を行う。また、焼結助剤は、非酸化物セラミック材料よりも低い温度で固体から液体に溶融する相を提供することができ、又はセラミックイオンの輸送を改善し、これにより焼結助剤を含有しない組成物と比較して高密度化を向上させるいくつかの代替機構を提供することができる。
本明細書に記載の光重合性スラリーは、有機マトリックスの一部である、又は有機マトリックスを形成する、1種以上の放射線硬化性モノマーを含む。
本明細書に記載の光重合性スラリーは、1種以上の光開始剤を更に含む。特定の実施形態では、光開始剤は、スラリー中に含有される溶媒に可溶であること、及び/又は200~500若しくは300~470nmの範囲内の放射線を吸収することにより特徴付けることができる。光開始剤は、光重合性スラリー中に存在する放射線硬化性成分の硬化又は硬質化反応を始める又は開始させることができる必要がある。
本明細書に記載の光重合性スラリーはまた、任意に1種以上の重合阻害剤を含む。重合阻害剤は、多くの場合、組成物に更なる熱安定性を与えるために光重合性スラリーに含まれる。阻害剤は、光重合性スラリーの貯蔵寿命を延長し、望ましくない副反応の防止を助け、スラリー中に存在する放射線硬化性成分の重合プロセスを調整することができる。1種以上の阻害剤を光重合性スラリーに加えることは、セラミック物品表面の精度又は細部の解像度の改善に更に役立つ場合がある。使用可能な阻害剤の具体例としては、以下が挙げられる:p-メトキシフェノール(MOP)、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル(MEHQ)、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチル-フェノール(BHT:Ionol)、フェノチアジン、2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-ピペリジン-1-オキシルラジカル(TEMPO)及びこれらの混合物。
多くの実施形態では、本開示による光重合性スラリーは、少なくとも1種の(例えば、有機)溶媒を更に含む。好適な溶媒は、典型的には、水と混和性であるように選択される。更に、これらの溶媒は、多くの場合、超臨界二酸化炭素又は液体二酸化炭素に可溶であるように選択される。溶媒の分子量は、通常、少なくとも25グラム/モル(g/mol)、少なくとも30g/mol、少なくとも40g/mol、少なくとも45g/mol、少なくとも50g/mol、少なくともg/mol、又は少なくとも100g/molである。分子量は、最大300g/mol、最大250g/mol、最大225g/mol、最大200g/mol、最大175g/mol、又は最大150g/molであり得る。分子量は、多くの場合、25~300g/mol、40~300g/mol、50~200g/mol、又は75~175g/molの範囲である。1種以上の溶媒は、ゲル化物品における溶媒の蒸発及び関連する細孔の形成を最小化するため、積層造形プロセス中に使用される温度よりも高い沸点を有することが特に好ましい。例えば、150℃以上、160℃以上、170℃以上、180℃以上、又は190℃以上の沸点を有する少なくとも1種の溶媒を使用してもよい。特定の実施形態では、光重合性スラリー中の1種以上の溶媒の量は、光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて、20重量%以上、25重量%以上、30重量%以上、35重量%以上、40重量%以上、又は45重量%以上であり、かつ、光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて、70重量%以下、65重量%以下、60重量%以下、55重量%以下、又は50重量%以下である。別の言い方をすれば、光重合性スラリーは、光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて、20~70重量%の溶媒、又は20~50重量%の溶媒を含有し得る。有利には、特定の実施形態では、溶媒の存在は、物品から有機材料を除去するための物品内の細孔構造が維持されるのを補助し得る。溶媒媒体は、典型的には、溶媒交換(例えば、蒸留)プロセスの後に、15重量パーセント未満の水、10パーセント未満の水、5パーセント未満の水、3パーセント未満の水、2パーセント未満の水、1重量パーセント未満、又は更には0.5重量パーセント未満の水を含有する。
光重合性スラリーの調製は、典型的には、望ましくない早期の重合を回避するため、光を制限した条件下で実施する。光重合性スラリーは多くの場合、好ましくは均質なスラリーを形成するために、成分を高速混合することにより調製される。スラリーは、典型的には、使用前に、容器(vessel)、瓶、カートリッジ、又は収容器(container)のような好適なデバイス内に保存される。
第2の態様では、本開示はエアロゲルを提供する。エアロゲルは、
a)有機材料と、
b)エアロゲルの総重量パーセントに基づいて29~75重量パーセントの範囲の非酸化物セラミック粒子と、
c)少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含む。
a)有機材料と、
b)キセロゲルの総重量パーセントに基づいて29~75重量パーセントの範囲の非酸化物セラミック粒子と、
c)少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含む。
a)温度:20℃~100℃、30℃~80℃、又は15℃~150℃、
b)圧力:5~200MPa、10~100MPa、1~20MPa、又は5~15MPa、
c)継続時間:2~175時間、5~25時間、又は1~5時間、及び
d)抽出又は乾燥媒体:その超臨界段階の二酸化炭素。
・ヒステリシスループを伴うN2吸着及び/又は脱着等温線を示すこと、
・IUPAC分類によるIV型の等温線のN2吸着及び脱着、並びにヒステリシスループを示すこと、
・IUPAC分類によるH1型のヒステリシスループを伴うIV型のN2吸着及び脱着等温線を示すこと、
・p/p0範囲0.70~0.99において、IUPAC分類によるH1型ヒステリシスループを伴うIV型N2吸着及び脱着等温線を示すこと。
a)多孔質セラミック物品の総重量に基づいて90~99重量パーセントの範囲の非酸化物セラミック粒子と、
b)少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含み、
非酸化物セラミック粒子が、多孔質セラミック物品中に、1つ以上の蛇行状若しくは弓状チャネル、1つ以上の内部建築ボイド(internal architectural voids)、1つ以上のアンダーカット、1つ以上の穿孔、又はこれらの組み合わせを画定し、多孔質セラミック物品が、長さ0.5mm以下の大きさを有する多孔質セラミック物品に必須の少なくとも1つの特徴を有する。
・温度:1700℃~2300℃、1700℃~2000℃、2050℃~2300℃、若しくは1800℃~2100℃、又は1700℃以上、1750℃以上、1800℃以上、1850℃以上を上回る、若しくは1900℃以上、かつ2300℃以下、2250℃以下、2200℃以下、2150℃以下、2100℃以下、2050℃以下、又は2000℃以下、
・雰囲気:不活性ガス(例えば、窒素、アルゴン)、
・圧力:大気圧(例えば1013mbar)、及び
・継続時間:材料の最終密度の95%~100%の密度に到達するまで。
体積A(ゲル化物品)=100。
体積B(後硬化したゲル化物品)=90~100。
体積C(キセロゲル物品)=75~90
体積D(エアロゲル物品)=85~95
体積E(白体)=40~75
体積F(完全に焼結したセラミック物品)<45。
実施形態1は、非酸化物セラミック部品の製造方法である。方法は、a)光重合性スラリーを得ることと、b)光重合性スラリーを選択的に硬化させてゲル化物品を得ることと、c)ゲル化物品を乾燥させてエアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を形成することと、d)エアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を熱処理して多孔質セラミック物品を形成することと、e)多孔質セラミック物品を焼結して焼結セラミック物品を得ることと、を含む。光重合性スラリーは、非酸化物セラミック粒子と、少なくとも1種の放射線硬化性モノマーと、溶媒と、光開始剤と、阻害剤と、少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含む。
1.プリンティング
セラミックスラリーからオブジェクトをプリントするため、以下の手順を使用した。フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムで構築トレイを組み立てた。およそ50mLのスラリーを、室温で構築トレイ内に入れた。UVフィルタをかけた部屋(黄色のライト)で、又はUVフィルタを使用できない場合低照度条件で手順を行うことにより、光曝露を防止するための注意を払った。構築プラットフォームをサンドペーパーで研磨し、必要に応じてIPAで洗浄した。構築プラットフォームへの接着を改善するため、不織布シートを貼る場合もあった。一部の構築では、スラリーの硬化を始める前に、アクリレート系層を最初に構築プラットフォーム上に硬化させた。.stlファイルをソフトウェアにロードし、必要に応じて支持構造を適用した。Asiga(Sydney,Australia)Picoplus 27光造形プリンタにおけるプリンティングの設定を表2に列挙する。
Thar Process,Inc.,Pittsburgh,PA,USAにより設計され、同社から入手した10Lの実験室規模の超臨界流体抽出器ユニットを使用して、超臨界抽出工程を行った。SiO2系ゲルをステンレス鋼製ラックに取り付けた。十分なエタノールを10Lの抽出容器に加え、ゲルを覆った(約3500~6500mL)。湿潤シリカ系ゲルを収容するステンレス鋼製ラックを、湿潤ゲルがジャケット付き抽出容器内の液体エタノールに完全に浸漬するように10Lの抽出器に装填し、これを60℃に加熱してこの温度を維持した。抽出容器の蓋を所定位置に封止した後に、液体二酸化炭素を、CO2を60℃まで加熱するための熱交換器を介して、冷却ピストンポンプ(設定点:-8.0℃)によって、13.3MPaの内部圧に達するまで10Lの抽出容器に送り込んだ。これらの条件において、二酸化炭素は超臨界となる。抽出器の操作条件である13.3MPa及び60℃が満たされると、ニードルバルブの開閉により抽出容器内の圧力を調節し、抽出器の溶出液が多孔質の316Lステンレス鋼フリット(型番1100S-5.480 DIA-062-10-AとしてMott Corporation,New Britain,CT,USAから入手)を通過するようにした。その後、熱交換器を通過させて溶出液を30℃まで冷却し、最終的には溶出液を室温及び5.5MPa未満の圧力で維持された5Lサイクロンセパレータ容器に送った。ここで、リサイクル及び再利用のために、抽出サイクル全体を通して抽出エタノール及び気相のCO2を分離及び回収した。超臨界二酸化炭素(scCO2)は、操作条件を達成した時点から8時間、10Lの抽出容器を通して連続的にポンプで送り込まれた。8時間の抽出サイクルの後に、抽出容器を、60℃で16時間にわたってサイクロンセパレータにゆっくりベントして、13.3MPaから大気圧にした後、蓋を開けて乾燥エアロゲルを収容したステンレス鋼製ラックを取り出した。乾燥したエアロゲルをステンレス鋼製ラックから取り出し、ラベル付けしたバッグに入れた。
バインダーのバーンアウトは、CM管状炉(CM FRANNES,Inc.Bloomfield,NJ)内で、空気中で完了した。以下のバーンアウトプロファイルを使用して実施例を調製した。
・空気中、フローあり又はなし、ヒュームのために通気する
・15時間で210℃まで昇温させ、30分間保持する
・28時間で250℃まで昇温させ、30分間保持する
・32時間で400℃まで昇温させ、30分間保持する
・7時間で600℃まで昇温させ、1時間保持する
・6時間で室温まで降温させる
焼結は、Astroの、窒素で不活性化した(nitrogen-inerted)炉(Thermal Technology,LLC,Santa Rosa,CA)内で、高温計で測定した際に75mV/時間で305mV(見る場所から別のハンドヘルド高温計で測定した際の1770℃に対応する)まで上昇させることにより完了した。温度を1770℃で3時間保持した後、機器の冷却速度で室温まで降温させた。一部の部品を、先に広口瓶内で一晩回転させることにより一緒に混合した、45重量%のSi3N4、45重量%のBN、5重量%のAl2O3、及び5重量%のY2O3からなる、粉末の固まっていない床内で焼結させた。
スラリーの硬化深さを、4mm円のフォトマスクを使用し、Asiga Pico 2 3Dプリンタ(Asiga USA,Anaheim Hills,CA)上で光曝露の時間調整をすることで分析した。いくつかの組成物に関して、時間の関数としての硬化深さを以下の表3に示す。
S1メタクリレートの調製
このメタクリレートモノマー混合物は、83重量%のBPA4EO-DMA、10重量%のHPMA、4.67重量%のCAPA400、1.6重量%のOMNIRAD 819、0.08重量%のSolvaperm-Rot PFS、及び0.04重量%のMacrolex Violett B染料を、均質な混合物が得られるまで混合しながら組み合わせることにより調製した。
このアクリレートモノマー混合物は、51重量%のSR399、28.8重量%のSR351、及び20.2重量%のSR506Aを、透明で均質な混合物が得られるまで混合しながら組み合わせることにより調製した。
Si3N4粉末混合物は、SILZOT又はSN-E10タイプいずれかの90gのSi3N4粉末を、5gのアルミナ粉末及び5gのイットリア粉末と組み合わせることにより調製した。いくつかの事例では、混合物をエタノール中に分散させ、一晩ボールミルにかけ、溶媒所定の(solvent-rated)オーブン内で乾燥させ、次に粉砕して150マイクロメートルの開口径でふるいにかけた。他の事例では、混合物をスラリーの液体成分に直接加え、スラリーとして一晩ボールミルにかけた。
ポリマー製の広口瓶(polymer jar)内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplus 3Dプリンタ(Asiga USA,Anaheim Hills,CA)の構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、25マイクロメートルの層毎に10秒間曝露させてプリントした。CO2超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を除去した。SFE後、プリントした部品の層は、図4Aに示すようにいくらかの分離を示した。バーンアウト及び焼結は、上記のプロファイルを使用して完了した。バーンアウト中に追加のひび割れが形成され、焼結後、部品は図4Bに示すように複数の破片になった。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplusの構築プラットフォーム上に硬化させたメタクリレート層上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に10秒間曝露させてプリントした。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を除去した後、層間にいくつかのひび割れが観察された。バーンアウト及び焼結は、上記のプロファイルを使用して完了した。バーンアウト中にひび割れが形成され、焼結後、部品は複数の破片になった。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。図11Aに示すように、スラリーを、Asiga Picoplusの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に3秒間曝露させてプリントした。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を除去した。バーンアウト及び焼結は、上記のプロファイルを使用して完了した。図11Bに示すように、焼結部品は壊れた破片が単一であり、損傷はなかった。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplusの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に3秒間曝露させてプリントした。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を除去した。バーンアウト及び焼結は、上記のプロファイルを使用して完了した。焼結部品に損傷はなかった。アルキメデス密度を3.230g/cm3と測定した。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplusの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に1秒間曝露させてプリントした。プリントした部品を図12Aに示す。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を除去した後、図12Bに示すように、広範囲のひび割れが観察された。この部品には、その後、後加工処理を継続しなかった。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplus 3Dプリンタの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に1秒間曝露させてプリントした。プリントした部品を図13Aに示す。図13Bに示すように、超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を首尾よく除去した。上記のプロファイルを使用してバーンアウト及び焼結もまた首尾よく完了し、結果として図13Cに示すような固体最終部品を得た。アルキメデス密度を3.232g/cm3と測定した。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、Asiga Picoplus 3Dプリンタの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に2秒間曝露させてプリントした。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を首尾よく除去した。上記のプロファイルを使用してバーンアウト及び焼結もまた首尾よく完了し、結果として固体最終部品を得た。アルキメデス密度を3.221g/cm3と測定した。
ポリマー製の広口瓶内で上記表4による樹脂原料をミリング媒体と組み合わせ、一晩回転させて粉末を完全に分散させた。スラリーを、460nmのLEDを使用するよう改変したAsiga Picoplus 3Dプリンタの構築プラットフォーム上にテープで貼り付けられた不織布スパンボンドのナイロン上に、フルオロポリマー剥離フィルムを用いた液槽トレイ及び上記のプリントパラメータを使用して、10マイクロメートルの層毎に10秒間曝露させてプリントした。超臨界流体抽出を用いて溶媒を首尾よく除去した。上記のプロファイルを使用してバーンアウト及び焼結もまた首尾よく完了し、結果として固体最終部品を得た。
Claims (8)
- 非酸化物セラミック部品の製造方法であって、
a)光重合性スラリーを得ることであって、前記光重合性スラリーが、複数の非酸化物セラミック粒子と、前記光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて最大30重量%である少なくとも1種の放射線硬化性モノマーと、前記光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて40重量%以上である溶媒と、光開始剤と、阻害剤と、少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、任意成分である分散剤と、を含む、得ることと、
b)積層造形プロセスにより前記光重合性スラリーを選択的に硬化させてゲル化物品を得ることと、
c)超臨界流体乾燥工程を適用することにより前記ゲル化物品を乾燥させてエアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を形成することと、
d)前記エアロゲル物品又は前記キセロゲル物品を熱処理して多孔質セラミック物品を形成することと、
e)前記多孔質セラミック物品を焼結して焼結セラミック物品を得ることと、
を含み、前記非酸化物セラミック粒子は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)、炭化ホウ素(B4C)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、二ホウ化ジルコニウム(ZrB2)、窒化ホウ素(BN)、炭化チタン(TiC)、炭化ジルコニウム(ZrC)、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)、六ホウ化カルシウム(CaB6)、MAX相(Mn+1AXn)、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、製造方法。 - 前記光重合性スラリーが、前記光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて30重量パーセント未満の前記非酸化物セラミック粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非酸化物セラミック粒子が、窒化ケイ素である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記非酸化物セラミック粒子の平均粒径が、(i)250ナノメートル~1マイクロメートル、(ii)500ナノメートル~1.5マイクロメートル、(iii)1マイクロメートル~10マイクロメートル、のいずれかを満たす、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記光開始剤が、ヨードニウム塩、可視光増感剤、及び電子供与体化合物、を含む系を含み、前記電子供与体化合物は、アルキル芳香族ポリエーテル、アリール基が1つ以上の電子求引基により置換されているアルキルアリールアミノ化合物、多環式芳香族化合物、N-アルキルカルバゾール化合物、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記光重合性スラリーを前記選択的に硬化させることが、3マイクロメートル~50マイクロメートルの厚さを有する前記光重合性スラリーの一部を硬化させることを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結セラミック物品が、前記非酸化物セラミック粒子の理論密度に対して95%以上の密度を示す、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 物品の製造方法であって、
a)1つ以上のプロセッサを有する製造デバイスによって、物品の複数の層を規定するデータを含むデジタルオブジェクトを受信することと、
b)積層造形プロセスによる前記製造デバイスを用いて前記デジタルオブジェクトに基づく前記物品を生成することであって、前記物品が、光重合性スラリーを選択的に硬化させることにより得られるゲル化物品を超臨界流体乾燥工程を適用することにより乾燥させて得られるエアロゲル物品又はキセロゲル物品を含み、前記光重合性スラリーが、
1)複数の非酸化物セラミック粒子と、
2)前記光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて最大30重量%である少なくとも1種の放射線硬化性モノマーと、
3)前記光重合性スラリーの総重量に基づいて40重量%以上である溶媒と、
4)光開始剤と、
5)阻害剤と、
6)少なくとも1種の焼結助剤と、を含む、生成することと、
を含み、前記非酸化物セラミック粒子は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)、炭化ホウ素(B4C)、二ホウ化チタン(TiB2)、二ホウ化ジルコニウム(ZrB2)、窒化ホウ素(BN)、炭化チタン(TiC)、炭化ジルコニウム(ZrC)、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)、六ホウ化カルシウム(CaB6)、MAX相(Mn+1AXn)、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、物品の製造方法。
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| PCT/US2019/047604 WO2020046687A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2019-08-22 | Additive manufacturing method for making non-oxide ceramic articles, and aerogels, xerogels, and porous ceramic articles |
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