JP2022514600A - 触媒毒を低減したフルオロポリマーアイオノマー及びそれからの物品 - Google Patents
触媒毒を低減したフルオロポリマーアイオノマー及びそれからの物品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022514600A JP2022514600A JP2021535524A JP2021535524A JP2022514600A JP 2022514600 A JP2022514600 A JP 2022514600A JP 2021535524 A JP2021535524 A JP 2021535524A JP 2021535524 A JP2021535524 A JP 2021535524A JP 2022514600 A JP2022514600 A JP 2022514600A
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- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IULGYNXPKZHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl carbamate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(N)=O IULGYNXPKZHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotributylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
Description
(b)ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含む、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーであって、第1の側鎖が、少なくとも1つのプロトン供与性基を含み、プロトン供与性基が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせから選択され、ポリマー主鎖が、ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含む、アイオノマーと、
(c)溶媒と、
を含む、組成物。
用語「a」、「an」及び「the」は、互換的に用いられ、1つ以上を意味し、
用語「及び/又は」は、述べられた事柄の一方又は両方が起こり得ることを示すために用いられ、例えば、A及び/又はBは、(A及びB)並びに(A又はB)を含み、
「高度にフッ素化された」とは、C-H結合のうちの少なくとも75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、又は更には99%が、C-F結合により置換され、C-H結合の残部が、C-H結合、C-Cl結合、C-Br結合、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される化合物を指し、
「ペルフルオロ(perfluorinated)」は、全ての炭素-水素結合が、炭素-フッ素結合に置き換えられている基又は化合物を意味する。ペルフルオロ化合物は、酸素原子、窒素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子のような、フッ素原子及び炭素原子以外の原子を含有してもよい。
「置換された」は、化学種について、所望の生成物又はプロセスを阻害しない従来の置換基によって置換されていることを意味し、例えば置換基は、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、フェニル、ハロ(F、Cl、Br、I)、シアノ、ニトロなどであってよく、
「個別の」は、別々の識別情報を有する別個の要素を指すが、要素が互いに接触していることを除外しない。
-O-(CF2)m(OCF)n(CF2)xSO3Y(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、nは0又は1であり、xは0又は1である)、
-O-(CF2)m-SO3Y(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6である)、
-O-(CF2CFCF3-O)x-CF2(CF2)n-SO3Y(式中、xは、0、1、2又は3であり、nは、1、2、3又は4である)、
-O-(CF2)m-O-CF(CF2-SO3Y)2(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6である)、
-O-(CF2)m-SO2NZ2(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6である)、
-O-(CF2)m-SO2NZSO2-(CF2)n-SO3Y(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、nは、2、3、4、5又は6である)、
-O-(CF2)m-SO2NZSO2-(CF2)n-SO2NH2(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、nは、2、3、4、5又は6である)、
-O-(CF2)m-SO2NZSO2-(CF2)x-CF3(式中、xは、0、1、2、3、4、5又は6であり、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、Yは、H及び好適な対カチオンからなる群から独立して選択され、Zは、H及び好適な対カチオンからなる群から独立して選択される)。好適な対カチオンとしては、例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属;カルシウム、マグネシウム、ベリリウムなどのアルカリ土類金属;及びマンガンなどの遷移金属が挙げられる。一実施形態では、アイオノマーは、複数の第2のペンダント側鎖を含んでもよい。これらの第2の側鎖は、ポリマー主鎖に沿って、更には隣接する第1の側鎖間で、ランダムに配置されてもよく、かつプロトン供与性ではない。一実施形態では、第2の側鎖は、少なくとも1つのペルフルオロアルキル基(例えば、ペルフルオロメチル)、ペルフルオロアルキルエーテル(例えば、-O-(CF2)xCF3(式中、xは0又は1である))、及び/又はペルフルオロアルキルポリエーテル(例えば、-O-(CF2)3-O-CF3)を含む。別の実施形態では、アイオノマーは、ペルフルオロポリマーのペンダントスルホニルフルオリド基の酸性化から作製される。したがって、一実施形態では、これらの第2の側鎖は、スルホニルフルオリド基を含み得る。一実施形態では、第1及び第2の側鎖を含むアイオノマーは、以下のセグメントを有する。
(a)白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びこれらの合金、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、金属触媒と、
(b)ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含む、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーであって、第1の側鎖が、少なくとも1つのプロトン供与性基を含み、プロトン供与性基が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせから選択され、ポリマー主鎖が、ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含む、アイオノマーと、
(c)溶媒と、
を含む、コーティング組成物。
(a)白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びこれらの合金、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、金属触媒相と、
(b)ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含む、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマー層であって、第1の側鎖が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含み、ポリマー主鎖が、ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含む、アイオノマー層と、
を含む、物品。
V[IRフリー]=V[各特定の電流密度で測定]+HFR[オーム*cm2]*電流密度[A/cm2]。
Claims (20)
- 電気化学セル電極における金属触媒の被毒を低減するための高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーの使用であって、前記金属触媒が、白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びこれらの合金、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含み、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含み、前記第1の側鎖が、少なくとも1つのプロトン供与性基を含み、前記プロトン供与性基が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせから選択され、前記ポリマー主鎖が、前記ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含む、使用。
- (a)白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びこれらの合金、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、金属触媒と、
(b)ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含む、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーであって、前記第1の側鎖が、少なくとも1つのプロトン供与性基を含み、前記プロトン供与性基が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせから選択され、前記ポリマー主鎖が、前記ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含む、アイオノマーと、
(c)溶媒と、
を含む、コーティング組成物。 - 前記第1の側鎖が、少なくとも2つのプロトン供与性基を含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の側鎖が、-O-(Rf)-SO3Y(式中、Rfは、任意選択的に、少なくとも1つのエーテルを含む二価のペルフルオロアルキル基であり、Yは、H又は好適な対イオンである)である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の側鎖が、-O-(CF2)m-SO3Y(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、Yは、H又は好適な対イオンである)である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の側鎖が、-O-[CF2CF(CF3)O]x-CF2-[CF2]y-SO3Y(式中、xは、0~3であり、yは、1~4であり、Yは、H又は好適な対イオンである)である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の側鎖が、-O-(CF2)m-O-CF-[CF2SO3Y]2(式中、mは、2、3、4、5又は6であり、Yは、H又は好適な対イオンである)である、請求項2又は3に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、928g/mol未満の当量を有する、請求項2~7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、50%相対湿度かつ80℃で、最大で100mS/cmのイオン伝導度を有する、請求項2~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、少なくとも1つのビス(スルホニル)イミドを含み、前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、少なくとも350g/molの当量を有する、請求項2、3、8及び9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、少なくとも1つのスルホン酸又はその塩を含み、前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、少なくとも1100g/molの当量を有する、請求項2~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーが、少なくとも1つの第2の側鎖を含み、前記第2の側鎖が、プロトン供与性ではなく、任意選択的に、前記第2の側鎖が、ペルフルオロアルキルエーテル基、ペルフルオロアルキルポリエーテル基、及びペルフルオロアルキル基のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項2~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記金属触媒が、担体上に配置され、任意選択的に、前記担体が、炭素粒子、針状粒子、及び金属有機構造体のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項2~12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマーの、前記金属触媒に対する比が、質量比で、少なくとも0.01~最大で20である、請求項2~13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 添加剤を更に含み、任意選択的に、前記添加剤が、炭素粒子、針状粒子、及び金属有機構造体のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項2~14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒が、アルコール、多価アルコール、ケトン、水、フッ素化溶媒、及びこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項2~15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 1~40重量%の固形分を含む、請求項2~16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- その上に電極コーティングを有する基材を含む物品であって、前記電極コーティングが、
(a)白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びこれらの合金、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、金属触媒相と、
(b)ポリマー主鎖、及びそこから懸垂する複数の第1の側鎖を含む、少なくとも高度にフッ素化されたアイオノマー層であって、前記第1の側鎖が、スルホン酸、ビス(スルホニル)イミド、スルホンアミド、スルホニルメチド、及びこれらの塩、並びにこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含み、前記ポリマー主鎖が、ポリマー主鎖に沿って隣接する第1の側鎖間に平均で少なくとも14個の炭素原子を含むアイオノマー層と、
を含み、任意選択的に、前記基材が、ガス拡散層、ライナー、又はイオン伝導膜である、物品。 - 前記電極コーティングが、少なくとも0.1ミクロンかつ最大で100ミクロンの厚さを有する、請求項18に記載の物品。
- 請求項18又は19に記載の物品の使用であって、(i)触媒が白金を含む燃料電池中のカソードとしての、又は(ii)触媒が白金を実質的に含まない電解槽としての、使用。
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