JP2022141187A - 非水電解液二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解液二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022141187A JP2022141187A JP2021041391A JP2021041391A JP2022141187A JP 2022141187 A JP2022141187 A JP 2022141187A JP 2021041391 A JP2021041391 A JP 2021041391A JP 2021041391 A JP2021041391 A JP 2021041391A JP 2022141187 A JP2022141187 A JP 2022141187A
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- aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
【解決手段】ここに開示される非水電解液二次電池は、正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を備える。前記正極は、正極活物質層を備える。前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質としてスピネル型結晶構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム粒子を含む。前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子の少なくとも一部は、割れ部を有している。前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子は、前記割れ部の表面を含め粒子表面に被膜を有する。前記被膜は、LiMnPO4成分を含むP成分と、F成分と、を含有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
Li源としてのLi2CO3と、Mn源としてのMn3O4とを、1時間乾式混合した。このとき、LiとMnのモル比がLi:Mn=1.1:1.9となるように混合した。混合物をアルミナるつぼに入れ、電気炉中で1000℃で12時間焼成した後、さらに600℃で18時間焼成した。このようにして、スピネル型結晶構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム粒子Aを得た。なお、マンガン酸リチウム粒子Aの平均粒子径(D50)は、13.4μmであった。
スパッタリングターゲットとしてLi3PO4を用い、バレルスパッタ法により、上記で得たマンガン酸リチウム粒子Aの表面にLi3PO4をスパッタした。このとき、マンガン酸リチウム粒子Aに対するLi3PO4の質量割合を0.5質量%とした。このようにして、Li3PO4の被膜を有する被覆マンガン酸リチウム粒子Bを得た。
実施例A1~A3
マンガン酸リチウム粒子A(LMO-A)と、導電材としてのカーボンブラック(CB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とをLMO-A:CB:PVdF=94:4:2の質量比で、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)中で混合した。このとき、マンガン酸リチウム粒子に対して0.5質量%のLi3PO4をさらに混合して、正極活物質層形成用ペーストを調製した。なお、使用したLi3PO4の平均粒子径(メジアン径D50)は、2.1μmであった。
マンガン酸リチウム粒子A(LMO-A)と、導電材としてのカーボンブラック(CB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とをLMO-A:CB:PVdF=94:4:2の質量比で、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)中で混合して、正極活物質層形成用ペーストを調製した。この正極活物質層形成用ペーストを用いた以外は実施例A1と同じ方法で、正極シートを作製し、さらに電池組立体を作製した。
被覆マンガン酸リチウム粒子B(LMO-B)と、導電材としてのカーボンブラック(CB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とをLMO-B:CB:PVdF=94:4:2の質量比で、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)中で混合して、正極活物質層形成用ペーストを調製した。この正極活物質層形成用ペーストを用いた以外は実施例A1と同じ方法で、正極シートを作製し、さらに電池組立体を作製した。
実施例A1と同じ方法で電池組立体を作製した。この電池組立体に対し、0.1Cの電流値で、それぞれ4.2V(A17)、4.3V(A18)、4.4V(A19)、4.5V(A20)、または4.6V(A21)まで定電流充電を行った後、3時間の定電圧充電を行うことにより、初期充電を施した。0.1Cの電流値で3.0Vまで定電流放電して、比較例A17~A21の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
上記作製した各評価リチウムイオン二次電池を25℃の環境下に置いた。各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を0.1Cの電流値で4.2Vまで定電流充電を行った後、電流値が1/50Cになるまで定電圧充電を行い、満充電状態にした。その後、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を0.1Cの電流値で3.0Vまで定電流放電した。そして、このときの放電容量を測定して初期容量を求めた。
実施例および一部の比較例の各評価リチウムイオン二次電池を解体し、正極活物質層を取り出した。日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製の集束イオンビーム加工観察装置「FB2100」を用いて、集束イオンビームにより正極活物質層を切断した。その断面を、日本電子社製の透過型電子顕微鏡「JFM-ARM300F」を用いて、加速電圧200kVで観察した。断面内に存在するマンガン酸リチウム粒子の外表面および粒子の割れ部をそれぞれ10箇所選択し、日本電子社製のエネルギー分散形X線分析装置「JED-2300T」を用いて、TEM-EDX法により分析した。この分析は倍率200~1000kで行い、これにより、P成分およびF成分の存在を確認した。そこで、Pの濃度(原子%)/Fの濃度(原子%)の比の平均値を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
実施例A1と同じ方法で正極シートを作製した。この正極シートに対し、ロールプレス処理を、正極活物質層の密度がそれぞれ、2.0g/cm3(B1)、2.2g/cm3(B2)、2.4g/cm3(B3)、2.6g/cm3(B4)、2.8g/cm3(B5)、または3.0g/cm3(B6)となるように行った。この正極シートを120mm×100mmの寸法に裁断した。
比較例A1と同じ方法で正極シートを作製した。この正極シートに対し、ロールプレス処理を、正極活物質層の密度がそれぞれ、2.0g/cm3(B1)、2.2g/cm3(B2)、2.4g/cm3(B3)、2.6g/cm3(B4)、2.8g/cm3(B5)、または3.0g/cm3(B6)となるように行った。この正極シートを120mm×100mmの寸法に裁断した。
比較例A9と同じ方法で正極シートを作製した。この正極シートに対し、ロールプレス処理を、正極活物質層の密度がそれぞれ、2.0g/cm3(B7)、2.2g/cm3(B8)、2.4g/cm3(B9)、2.6g/cm3(B10)、2.8g/cm3(B11)、または3.0g/cm3(B12)となるように行った。この正極シートを120mm×100mmの寸法に裁断した。
実施例A1と同じ方法で正極シートを作製した。この正極シートに対し、ロールプレス処理を、正極活物質層の密度がそれぞれ、2.0g/cm3(B13)、2.2g/cm3(B14)、2.4g/cm3(B15)、2.6g/cm3(B16)、2.8g/cm3(B17)、または3.0g/cm3(B18)となるように行った。この正極シートを120mm×100mmの寸法に裁断した。
上記作製した各評価リチウムイオン二次電池について、上記と同じ方法で容量維持率(%)を求めた。結果を表3および図3に示す。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解液
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (8)
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を備える非水電解液二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極活物質層を備え、
前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質としてスピネル型結晶構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム粒子を含み、
前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子の少なくとも一部は、割れ部を有しており、
前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子は、前記割れ部の表面を含め粒子表面に被膜を有し、
前記被膜は、LiMnPO4成分を含むP成分と、F成分と、を含有する、非水電解液二次電池。 - 前記被膜中の原子%で表されるF濃度に対する、原子%で表されるP濃度の比P/Fが、0.030以上である、請求項1に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質層の密度が、2.6g/cm3以上である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質層が、リン酸リチウムを含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液が、電解質塩としてLiPF6を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液二次電池。
- 正極活物質としてのマンガン酸リチウム粒子と、リン酸リチウム粒子と、を含有する正極活物質層を備える正極シートを作製する工程と、
前記作製した正極シートをプレス処理する工程と、
前記プレス処理した正極シートを用いて、正極シートと負極シートと非水電解液とを備える電池組立体を作製する工程と、
前記電池組立体に初期充電処理を行って、被膜を形成する工程と、
を包含し、
前記プレス処理する工程で、前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子に割れが生じており、
前記被膜を形成する工程で、前記マンガン酸リチウム粒子の割れ部の表面を含め粒子表面に、LiMnPO4成分を含むP成分と、F成分と、を含有する被膜を形成する、
非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記初期充電処理を、4.7V以上の電圧になるまで行う、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記プレス処理を、前記正極活物質層の密度が、2.6g/cm3以上になるように行う、請求項6または7に記載の製造方法。
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