JP2022104825A - 発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 - Google Patents
発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022104825A JP2022104825A JP2021210479A JP2021210479A JP2022104825A JP 2022104825 A JP2022104825 A JP 2022104825A JP 2021210479 A JP2021210479 A JP 2021210479A JP 2021210479 A JP2021210479 A JP 2021210479A JP 2022104825 A JP2022104825 A JP 2022104825A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light emitting
- emitting device
- electrode
- electron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
- H10K50/131—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit with spacer layers between the electroluminescent layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
- H10K50/171—Electron injection layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/131—Interconnections, e.g. wiring lines or terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
- H10K59/80521—Cathodes characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/341—Short-circuit prevention
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020219886 | 2020-12-29 | ||
| JP2020219886 | 2020-12-29 | ||
| JP2021188595 | 2021-11-19 | ||
| JP2021188595 | 2021-11-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2022104825A true JP2022104825A (ja) | 2022-07-11 |
| JP2022104825A5 JP2022104825A5 (https=) | 2024-12-23 |
Family
ID=81972287
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021210479A Pending JP2022104825A (ja) | 2020-12-29 | 2021-12-24 | 発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US12581796B2 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2022104825A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20220095133A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN114695787A (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE102021134032A1 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW202230849A (https=) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230127992A (ko) | 2020-12-25 | 2023-09-01 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 표시 장치, 전자 기기, 및 표시 장치의 제작 방법 |
| JP7756112B2 (ja) | 2021-01-28 | 2025-10-17 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置の作製方法 |
| CN116868261A (zh) | 2021-02-26 | 2023-10-10 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 显示装置及电子设备 |
| US12527192B2 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2026-01-13 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display apparatus, display module, electronic device, and method for manufacturing display apparatus |
| US12426474B2 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2025-09-23 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display apparatus, method for manufacturing display apparatus, display module, and electronic device |
| US12604662B2 (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2026-04-14 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting device and light-emitting apparatus |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004171951A (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機半導体素子用陽極 |
| WO2012011471A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ装置の製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2012216501A (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-11-08 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| US20130057143A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2013-03-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic el device, electronic device, and process for production of organic el device |
| KR20140139864A (ko) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 발광 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
| JP2016082239A (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| JP2016518729A (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-06-23 | 京東方科技集團股▲ふん▼有限公司Boe Technology Group Co.,Ltd. | 有機elデバイス及びディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2016225619A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、表示装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| CN108539028A (zh) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | 一种量子点发光二极管器件及其制备方法 |
| JP2018181916A (ja) * | 2017-04-04 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| WO2019123190A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 |
| WO2020004086A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 有機el素子および有機el素子の製造方法 |
| JP2020043181A (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-19 | 株式会社Joled | 薄膜トランジスタ基板、及び、その製造方法、並びに、薄膜トランジスタ基板を用いた有機el表示装置 |
Family Cites Families (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5953985A (en) | 1996-01-18 | 1999-09-21 | Tohoku Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Stencil printer |
| JP2000036385A (ja) | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-02 | Sony Corp | 有機elディスプレイの製造方法 |
| JP2000113982A (ja) | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-21 | Sony Corp | 有機elディスプレイの製造方法 |
| US6617186B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2003-09-09 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Method for producing electroluminescent element |
| JP4578032B2 (ja) | 2001-08-22 | 2010-11-10 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | エレクトロルミネッセント素子の製造方法 |
| JP2003100457A (ja) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-04 | Seiko Epson Corp | 発光装置 |
| US7141817B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2006-11-28 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device |
| US20070123133A1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-05-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | OLED devices with color filter array units |
| KR101478004B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-05 | 2015-01-02 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 유기금속 착체, 및 이를 사용하는 발광 소자, 발광 장치 및 전자 기기 |
| JP2008098106A (ja) | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 |
| JP2008147072A (ja) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-26 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 |
| JP2008251270A (ja) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびその製造方法 |
| US20080238297A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-02 | Masuyuki Oota | Organic el display and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP2428512B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2014-10-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Fluorene compound, light-emitting element, light-emitting device, electronic device and lighting device |
| US8906718B2 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2014-12-09 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for forming vapor deposition film, and method for producing display device |
| CN103270816B (zh) | 2010-12-27 | 2016-05-18 | 夏普株式会社 | 蒸镀膜的形成方法和显示装置的制造方法 |
| JP2012216493A (ja) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-11-08 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| US8809879B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-08-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing light-emitting device |
| KR101920374B1 (ko) | 2011-04-27 | 2018-11-20 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 발광 장치 및 그 제작 방법 |
| JP6016407B2 (ja) | 2011-04-28 | 2016-10-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2013077494A (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Canon Inc | 発光装置の製造方法 |
| JP6080438B2 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2017-02-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | 有機el装置の製造方法 |
| JP2013084576A (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-05-09 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2014011084A (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Canon Inc | 有機el装置の製造方法 |
| US8999738B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2015-04-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing organic electroluminescent display apparatus |
| JP2014120218A (ja) | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-30 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2014135251A (ja) | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-24 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2014232568A (ja) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 有機el装置 |
| KR20180085075A (ko) | 2013-08-29 | 2018-07-25 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 유기층을 리소그래피로 패터닝하기 위한 방법 |
| JP6242121B2 (ja) | 2013-09-02 | 2017-12-06 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 発光素子表示装置及び発光素子表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP6282428B2 (ja) | 2013-09-09 | 2018-02-21 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP6114670B2 (ja) | 2013-09-19 | 2017-04-12 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2015115178A (ja) | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-22 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機el表示装置及び有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| KR102401987B1 (ko) | 2014-08-01 | 2022-05-25 | 올싸거널 인코포레이티드 | 유기 전자 장치의 포토리소그래피 패터닝 |
| CN104362255B (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2018-07-10 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 白光oled器件结构 |
| JP2016197494A (ja) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-11-24 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機el表示装置 |
| JP6577224B2 (ja) | 2015-04-23 | 2019-09-18 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置 |
| CN108292714B (zh) | 2015-06-29 | 2020-04-28 | Imec 非营利协会 | 有机层的高分辨率图案化方法 |
| JP2017091946A (ja) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-25 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置および表示装置の製造方法 |
| US20170317316A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Polarization member and display device including the same |
| JP2019179696A (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 有機el表示装置および有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| FR3091035B1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 | 2020-12-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D’UN PIXEL D’UN MICRO-ECRAN A OLEDs |
| JP2020160305A (ja) | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | フレキシブルパネル装置 |
| CN110071155A (zh) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-30 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 显示面板及其封装方法、显示装置 |
| CN110828683B (zh) | 2019-10-28 | 2021-07-06 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | Oled器件及其制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-21 DE DE102021134032.2A patent/DE102021134032A1/de active Pending
- 2021-12-22 US US17/559,054 patent/US12581796B2/en active Active
- 2021-12-23 KR KR1020210186072A patent/KR20220095133A/ko active Pending
- 2021-12-24 JP JP2021210479A patent/JP2022104825A/ja active Pending
- 2021-12-24 TW TW110148713A patent/TW202230849A/zh unknown
- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111642395.1A patent/CN114695787A/zh active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-09-02 US US19/315,913 patent/US20250386666A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004171951A (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2004-06-17 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 有機半導体素子用陽極 |
| US20130057143A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2013-03-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic el device, electronic device, and process for production of organic el device |
| WO2012011471A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ装置の製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイ装置 |
| JP2012216501A (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-11-08 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP2016518729A (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-06-23 | 京東方科技集團股▲ふん▼有限公司Boe Technology Group Co.,Ltd. | 有機elデバイス及びディスプレイ装置 |
| KR20140139864A (ko) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 발광 표시 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
| JP2016082239A (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| JP2016225619A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、表示装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| CN108539028A (zh) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | 一种量子点发光二极管器件及其制备方法 |
| JP2018181916A (ja) * | 2017-04-04 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器及び照明装置 |
| WO2019123190A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、及び照明装置 |
| WO2020004086A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-01-02 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 有機el素子および有機el素子の製造方法 |
| JP2020043181A (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-19 | 株式会社Joled | 薄膜トランジスタ基板、及び、その製造方法、並びに、薄膜トランジスタ基板を用いた有機el表示装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114695787A (zh) | 2022-07-01 |
| US12581796B2 (en) | 2026-03-17 |
| TW202230849A (zh) | 2022-08-01 |
| US20220209162A1 (en) | 2022-06-30 |
| KR20220095133A (ko) | 2022-07-06 |
| DE102021134032A1 (de) | 2022-06-30 |
| US20250386666A1 (en) | 2025-12-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US12581796B2 (en) | Light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, and lighting device | |
| JP2026050469A (ja) | 発光デバイス | |
| JP2025159060A (ja) | 発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| JP2022161853A (ja) | 有機化合物、発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| JP2022159081A (ja) | 発光デバイス用混合材料 | |
| WO2022172130A1 (ja) | 発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| JP2022167859A (ja) | 発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| JP2022132168A (ja) | 混合材料 | |
| KR20230032923A (ko) | 발광 디바이스, 발광 장치, 전자 기기, 및 조명 장치 | |
| JP2022159214A (ja) | 有機化合物、発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| US20240138259A1 (en) | Organic compound, light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, and lighting device | |
| US20240121979A1 (en) | Light-Emitting Device, Light-Emitting Apparatus, Electronic Appliance, and Lighting Device | |
| KR20230144563A (ko) | 발광 디바이스, 발광 장치, 전자 기기, 및 조명 장치 | |
| JP2022115848A (ja) | 有機化合物、発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器および照明装置 | |
| KR20230144562A (ko) | 발광 디바이스, 발광 장치, 전자 기기, 및 조명 장치 | |
| JP2024046630A (ja) | 高分子化合物、発光デバイス、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 | |
| JP2023007468A (ja) | 発光デバイスおよび発光装置 | |
| JP2023016022A (ja) | 発光デバイス、発光装置、受発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20241212 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20241212 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20251217 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20260120 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20260319 |