JP2021009851A - アノード、これを含むリチウム二次電池、前記リチウム二次電池を含む電池モジュール、およびアノードの製造方法 - Google Patents
アノード、これを含むリチウム二次電池、前記リチウム二次電池を含む電池モジュール、およびアノードの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021009851A JP2021009851A JP2020175036A JP2020175036A JP2021009851A JP 2021009851 A JP2021009851 A JP 2021009851A JP 2020175036 A JP2020175036 A JP 2020175036A JP 2020175036 A JP2020175036 A JP 2020175036A JP 2021009851 A JP2021009851 A JP 2021009851A
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- anode
- lithium
- metal
- silicon
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- YJSAVIWBELEHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si]=O Chemical compound [Li].[Si]=O YJSAVIWBELEHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 93
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 93
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 61
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 61
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 36
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002676 chrysenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=C4C=CC=CC4=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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Abstract
Description
前記アノードにおいて、リチウムと合金化が可能な金属または金属酸化物の含量に応じて前記金属または金属酸化物がリチウムと合金化されて形成されたリチウム−金属複合体の含量が影響を受ける。前記アノード内に含まれたリチウムと合金化が可能な金属または金属酸化物の一部または全部はリチウムと合金化されてリチウム−金属複合体を形成することができる。
LixSi
LioSiOp
LixSi
LioSiOp
前記シリコン層またはシリコン酸化物層は珪素元素からなる層または珪素元素の酸化物からなる層を意味する。
前記リチウム−金属複合体層は、前記リチウム金属層と前記金属層または金属酸化物層との界面において、リチウム金属層のリチウム金属元素と金属層または金属酸化物層の金属元素が接して生成された、リチウム−金属複合体またはリチウム−金属酸化物複合体を含むことができる。
LixSi
LioSiOp
前記アノードは、前記多孔性集電体の気孔の内部に備えられたリチウム−金属複合体層からなるものであってもよい。
前記組成物は、バインダー樹脂、導電材および溶媒のうち少なくとも1つをさらに含むことができる。
集電体としてアルミニウムホイル(厚さ:15μm)上にLiCoO2(LCO)、デンカブラックおよびPVdFの重量比が各々95:2.5:2.5の組成物を塗布してカソードを製造した。
集電体としてアルミニウムホイル(厚さ:15μm)上にLiCoO2(LCO)、デンカブラックおよびPVdFの重量比が各々95:2.5:2.5の組成物を塗布してカソードを製造した。
前記実施例1の第1アノードのみをアノードとして用いて電池セルを製造した。
前記実施例1の第2アノードのみをアノードとして用いて電池セルを製造した。
前記実施例1および2と比較例1および2の電池セルを各々下記の充放電条件で150回充放電し、充放電回数に応じた電池の充放電サイクル特性を測定した。その結果を図4および図9に示す。
20 ・・・アノード
21 ・・・第1アノード
22 ・・・集電体
23 ・・・第2アノード
24 ・・・多孔性集電体
25 ・・・アノード分離膜
27 ・・・リチウム−金属複合体層を含む第2アノード
30 ・・・分離膜
40 ・・・接続部
100 ・・・多孔性集電体
200 ・・・リチウム金属層
250 ・・・リチウム金属
300 ・・・金属層または金属酸化物層
350 ・・・リチウムと合金化が可能な金属
400 ・・・アノード
500 ・・・リチウム−金属複合体層
550 ・・・リチウム−金属複合体またはリチウム−金属酸化物複合体
Claims (10)
- リチウム金属層を含む第1アノードと、
多孔性集電体、並びに、前記多孔性集電体の気孔内に備えられたシリコン層、カーボン及びバインダー樹脂を含む第2アノードと、
前記第1アノード及び第2アノードの間に備えられたアノード分離膜と、
前記第1アノードと前記第2アノードとを電気的に並列接続する接続部と、
を含み、
前記第1アノード及び前記第2アノードは電気的に互いに接続され、
前記シリコン層は、前記多孔性集電体の気孔内部に含浸されたシラン系化合物が還元されてなる、
アノード。 - 前記第1アノードのリチウム元素と前記第2アノードの珪素元素との重量比は、10〜130:100である、
請求項1に記載のアノード。 - 前記第2アノードは、前記多孔性集電体の気孔内に備えられたリチウム−シリコン複合体又はリチウム−シリコンオキシド複合体をさらに含む、
請求項1に記載のアノード。 - 前記リチウム−シリコン複合体は下記化学式1で表され、
前記リチウム−シリコンオキシド複合体は下記化学式2で表される、
請求項3に記載のアノード:
[化学式1]
LixSi
[化学式2]
LioSiOp
前記化学式1及び2において、
xは1.0〜4.0の実数であり、
oは各々0.3〜4.0の実数であり、
pは各々0.1〜2.0の実数である。 - 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のアノードおよびカソードを含み、
前記アノードとカソードとの間に備えられた電解質を含む、
リチウム二次電池。 - 前記電解質は、前記アノードおよびカソードに含浸された電解質液である、
請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウム二次電池は、前記アノードとカソードとの間に備えられた分離膜をさらに含む、
請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記電解質は、固体電解質膜または高分子電解質膜である、
請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池を単位電池として含む、
電池モジュール。 - リチウム金属層を含む第1アノードを準備するステップと、
多孔性集電体の気孔内に備えられたシリコン層、カーボン及びバインダー樹脂を含む第2アノードを準備するステップと、
前記第1アノード及び前記第2アノードを電気的に接続するステップと、
を含み、
前記第2アノードを準備するステップは、
多孔性集電体の気孔内部にシラン系化合物を含浸させるステップと、
前記シラン系化合物を還元させて前記シリコン層を形成するステップと、
を含み、
前記第1アノード及び前記第2アノードを電気的に接続するステップは、前記第1アノード及び前記第2アノードを電気的に並列接続するステップを含む、
アノードの製造方法。
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