JP2020521773A - 化学塞栓療法剤 - Google Patents
化学塞栓療法剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020521773A JP2020521773A JP2019565460A JP2019565460A JP2020521773A JP 2020521773 A JP2020521773 A JP 2020521773A JP 2019565460 A JP2019565460 A JP 2019565460A JP 2019565460 A JP2019565460 A JP 2019565460A JP 2020521773 A JP2020521773 A JP 2020521773A
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Abstract
Description
本開示の分野
本開示は、がん治療の分野に関する。対象におけるがんに対処するための化合物、組成物、及び製剤が本明細書に記載される。さらに、がん、具体的には肝がんを、本明細書に記載の化合物、組成物、及び製剤を用いて治療する方法が本明細書に記載される。
固形腫瘍の治療用の塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に付着された弱荷電性若しくは非荷電性及び/又は弱水溶性の作用剤を含む化学塞栓療法剤が本明細書で開示される。いくつかの実施形態では、固形腫瘍は、血管新生化固形腫瘍である。いくつかの実施形態では、血管新生化固形腫瘍は、肝腫瘍である。いくつかの実施形態では、血管新生化固形腫瘍は、肝腫瘍を含まない。
本開示の特徴は、貼付の図面と併せて解釈して、以下の説明及び貼付の特許請求の範囲からより十分に明白となるであろう。これらの図面が、あくまで本開示に従う特定の実施形態を表し、それ故、その範囲を限定するように考えられるべきでなく;本開示が貼付の図面の使用を通じてさらに具体的且つ詳細に記述されることになることは理解されるであろう。記述される実施形態のいずれかに従う装置、システム又は方法は、いくつかの態様を有する可能性があり、それらの一つが、装置、システム又は方法の望ましい属性に必ずしも単独で関与するわけではない。この検討事項の考察後、また特に「特定の発明の実施形態の詳細な説明」という表題のセクションを読了後、例示される特徴が本開示の特定の原則を説明するのにいかに役立つかを理解するであろう。
末梢動脈閉塞の治療効果を抗がん剤の局所投与と組み合わせる化学塞栓療法が本明細書に記載される。粒子若しくは微粒子は、血流を腫瘍に提供する動脈を閉塞させ、腫瘍酸素欠乏をもたらす。抗がん剤は、本明細書に記載される通りの抗がん薬である。
用語「がん」は、典型的には非制御細胞増殖及び/又は高増殖性活性によって特徴づけられる、哺乳類における生理学的状態を指す、又は記述する。「腫瘍」は、1つ以上のがん性細胞を有する。がんの例として、限定はされないが、がん、リンパ腫、芽細胞腫、肉腫、及び白血病又はリンパ系悪性腫瘍が挙げられる。かかるがんのより特定の例として、扁平上皮細胞がん(例えば、上皮扁平上皮細胞がん)、肺がん、例えば、小細胞肺がん、非小細胞肺がん(「NSCLC」)、肺の腺がん、及び肺の扁平上皮がん、腹膜のがん、肝細胞がん、胃(gastric)若しくは胃(stomach)がん、例えば、胃腸がん、膵がん、神経膠芽腫、子宮頸がん、卵巣がん、肝がん、膀胱がん、肝腫瘍、乳がん、大腸がん、直腸がん、結腸直腸がん、子宮内膜又は子宮がん、唾液腺がん、腎(kidney)又は腎(renal)がん、前立腺がん、外陰部がん、甲状腺がん、肝がん、肛門がん、陰茎がん、ならびに頭頚部がんが挙げられる。いくつかの実施形態では、化学塞栓療法により治療されてもよい固形腫瘍がんが、肉腫、がん及びリンパ腫である。血管新生化固形腫瘍を含む固形腫瘍は、身体の任意の組織又は臓器、例えば、肺、乳房、前立腺、皮膚、肝臓及び結腸において発現しうる。いくつかの実施形態では、固形腫瘍がんは、過剰血管新生化悪性腫瘍、例えば、肝腫瘍又は肝細胞がん(原発性肝がん)や大腸がん、乳がん、カルチノイド腫瘍及び他の神経内分泌腫瘍から肝臓への転移(伝播)、膵臓の膵島腫瘍、眼内黒色腫、肉腫、並びに/又は身体における血管原発性腫瘍である。
ゾミブ)、ランレオチド酢酸塩、ラパチニブ二トシル酸塩、Lartruvo(オララツマブ)、レナリドミド、レンバチニブメシル酸塩、レンビマ(レンバチニブメシル酸塩)、レトロゾール、ロイコボリンカルシウム、Leukeran(クロラムブシル)、リュープロリド酢酸塩、Levulan(アミノレブリン酸)、Linfolizin(クロラムブシル)、LipoDox(ドキソルビシン塩酸塩リポソーム)、ロムスチン、ロンサーフ(トリフルリジン・チピラシル塩酸塩)、リュープロン(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、リュープロンデポー(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、Lupron Depot-Ped(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、Lupron Depot-3 Month(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、Lupron Depot-4 Month(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、Lynparza(オラパリブ)、Marqibo(ビンクリスチン硫酸塩リポソーム)、Matulane(プロカルバジン塩酸塩)、メクロレタミン塩酸塩、メゲストロール酢酸塩、メキニスト(トラメチニブ)、メルファラン、メルファラン塩酸塩、メルカプトプリン、メスナ、Mesnex、Methazolastone(テモゾロミド)、メトトレキサート、メトトレキサートLPF、Mexate(メトトレキサート)、Mexate-AQ(メトトレキサート)、マイトマイシンC、ミトキサントロン塩酸塩、Mitozytrex(マイトマイシンC)、Mozobil(プレリキサホル)、Mustargen(メクロレタミン塩酸塩)、Mutamycin(マイトマイシンC)、Myleran(ブスルファン)、Mylosar(アザシチジン)、Mylotarg(ゲムツズマブオゾガマイシン)、ナノ粒子パクリタキセル(パクリタキセルアルブミン安定化ナノ粒子製剤)、ナベルビン(ビノレルビン酒石酸塩)、ネシツムマブ、ネララビン、Neosar、ネツピタント・パロノセトロン塩酸塩、Neupogen(フィルグラスチム)、Nexavar(ソラフェニブトシル酸塩)、ニランドロン(Nilandron)(ニルタミド)、ニロチニブ、ニルタミド、ニンラロ(Ninlaro)(イキサゾミブクエン酸塩)、ニボルマブ、Nolvadex(タモキシフェンクエン酸塩)、Nplate(ロミプロスチム)、オビヌツズマブ、Odomzo(ソニデギブ)、オファツムマブ、オラパリブ、オララツマブ、オマセタキシンメペスクシナート、Oncaspar(ペグアスパルガーゼ)、オンダンセトロン塩酸塩、Onivyde(イリノテカン塩酸塩リポソーム)、Ontak(デニロイキンジフチトクス)、オプジーボ(ニボルマブ)、オシメルチニブ、オキサリプラチン、パクリタキセル、パクリタキセルアルブミン安定化ナノ粒子製剤、パルボシクリブ、パリフェルミン、パロノセトロン塩酸塩、パミドロン酸二ナトリウム、パニツムマブ、パノビノスタット、Paraplatin、パゾパニブ塩酸塩、ペグアスパルガーゼ、ペグインターフェロンα−2b、PEG-Intron(ペグインターフェロンα−2b)、ペンブロリズマブ、ペメトレキセド二ナトリウム、パージェタ(ペルツズマブ)、ペルツズマブ、Platinol、Platinol-AQ、プレリキサホル、ポマリドミド、Pomalyst、ポナチニブ塩酸塩、Portrazza(ネシツムマブ)、プララトレキサート、プレドニゾン、プロカルバジン塩酸塩、Proleukin(アルデスロイキン)、Prolia(デノスマブ)、Promacta(エルトロンボパグオラミン)、プロプラノロール塩酸塩、Provenge(シプロイセルT)、Purinethol(メルカプトプリン)、Purixan(メルカプトプリン)、塩化ラジウム223、ラロキシフェン塩酸塩、ラムシルマブ、ラスブリカーゼ、組換えヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)二価ワクチン、組換えヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)九価ワクチン、組換えヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)四価ワクチン、組換えインターフェロンα−2b、レゴラフェニブ、Revlimid(レナリドミド)、Rheumatrex(メトトレキサート)、リツキサン(リツキシマブ)、リツキシマブ、ロラピタント塩酸塩、ロミデプシン、ロミプロスチム、Rubidomycin(ダウノルビシン塩酸塩)、ルキソリチニブリン酸塩、スクレロゾル胸膜内エアロゾル(シルツキシマブ)、シプロイセルT、Somatuline Depot(ランレオチド酢酸塩)、ソニデギブ、ソラフェニブ、ソラフェニブトシル酸塩、Sprycel(ダサチニブ)、Steritalc、Stivarga(レゴラフェニブ)、スニチニブリンゴ酸塩、Sutent(スニチニブリンゴ酸塩)、Sylatron(ペグインターフェロンα−2b)、Sylvant(シルツキシマブ)、Synovir(サリドマイド)、Synribo(オマセタキシンメペスクシナート)、Tabloid(チオグアニン)、Tafinlar(ダブラフェニブ)、Tagrisso(オシメルチニブ)、タリモジーン・ラハーパレプベック、タモキシフェンクエン酸塩、Tarabine PFS(シタラビン)、Tarceva(エルロチニブ塩酸塩)、Targretin(ベキサロテン)、Tasigna(ニロチニブ)、Taxol(パクリタキセル)、Taxotere(ドセタキセル)、テセントリク(アテゾリズマブ)、Temodar(テモゾロミド)、テモゾロミド、テムシロリムス、サリドマイド、Thalomid(サリドマイド)、チオテパ、チラパザミン、トポテカン塩酸塩、トレミフェン、Torisel(テムシロリムス)、トシツモマブ・ヨウ素I131トシツモマブ、Totect(デクスラゾキサン塩酸塩)、トラベクテジン、トラメチニブ、トラスツズマブ、トレアンダ(ベンダムスチン塩酸塩)、トリフルリジン・チピラシル塩酸塩、トレメリムマブ、Trisenox(三酸化ヒ素)、Tykerb(ラパチニブ二トシル酸塩)、Unituxin(ジヌツキシマブ)、ウリジントリアセテート、バンデタニブ、Varubi(ロラピタント塩酸塩)、Vectibix(パニツムマブ)、Velban(ビンブラスチン硫酸塩)、Velcade(ボルテゾミブ)、Velsar(ビンブラスチン硫酸塩)、ベムラフェニブ、Venclexta(ベネトクラクス)、ベネトクラクス、Viadur(リュープロリド酢酸塩)、Vidaza(アザシチジン)、ビンブラスチン硫酸塩、Vincasar PFS(ビンクリスチン硫酸塩)、ビンクリスチン硫酸塩、ビンクリスチン硫酸塩リポソーム、ビノレルビン酒石酸塩、ビスモデギブ、Vistogard(ウリジントリアセテート)、Voraxaze(グルカルピダーゼ)、ボリノスタット、Votrient(パゾパニブ塩酸塩)、Wellcovorin(ロイコボリンカルシウム)、Xalkori(クリゾチニブ)、ゼローダ(カペシタビン)、XELIRI、XELOX、Xgeva(デノスマブ)、Xofigo(塩化ラジウム223)、Xtandi(エンザルタミド)、Yervoy(イピリムマブ)、Yondelis(トラベクテジン)、Zaltrap(Ziv-アフリベルセプト)、Zarxio(フィルグラスチム)、Zelboraf(ベムラフェニブ)、Zevalin(イブリツモマブチウキセタン)、Zinecard(デクスラゾキサン塩酸塩)、Ziv-アフリベルセプト、Zofran(オンダンセトロン塩酸塩)、Zoladex(ゴセレリン酢酸塩)、ゾレドロン酸、Zolinza(ボリノスタット)、Zometa(ゾレドロン酸)、Zydelig(イデラリシブ)、Zykadia(セリチニブ)、Zytiga(アビラテロン酢酸塩)、及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される。
3つの要素:(a)塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子、(b)カプセル封入剤、及び(c)非荷電性若しくは弱荷電性のいずれかであり、且つ/又は弱水溶性を有する1つ以上の好適な治療薬からなる治療レジメンを含む化学塞栓療法剤が、本明細書で開示される。塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子は、かかる粒子若しくは微粒子の収集物が、血管又は毛細管内部の血液に曝露されるとき、収集物の複数の粒子若しくは微粒子の膨化によって生じうる、血管又は毛細管を閉塞させる能力があるような物質の任意の組成物であってもよい。
本開示の組成物及びそれらを作製する関連の方法は、任意の治療薬、例えば、小分子薬剤、生物製剤、ペプチド、抗体、抗体断片(例えば、一本鎖可変断片、又はscFvs)及び他の薬剤クラスに適用可能である。本開示は、塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子と容易には会合しない、非荷電性、弱荷電性、及び/又は弱水溶性抗がん剤に適用される場合に特に有用である方法を記載する。
いくつかの実施形態では、第1ステップでは、治療薬が水溶性の荷電性カプセル封入剤にカプセル封入される。いくつかの実施形態では、治療薬の少なくとも1つは、非荷電性若しくは弱荷電性及び/又は弱水溶性抗がん剤である。いくつかの実施形態では、治療薬及び選択された脂質は、無水エタノールに溶解され、この溶液は、10%トレハロース溶液に撹拌下で液滴添加される。得られた粘稠性エマルションは、室温で5分間撹拌され、次に200nmのポリカーボネート膜を用いて手動式リポソーム押出機を通して濾過される。得られた単層リポソーム溶液は一晩凍結乾燥され、白色固体が得られる。固体は脱イオン水で処理され、最終治療薬が5mg/mLの濃度で得られる。溶液はデカントされ、DC Beads(登録商標)(2mL)がリポソーム溶液で処理される。上清中の治療薬の濃度は、HPLC/MSにより経時的に測定される。
第2のステップでは、カプセル封入された治療薬を含有するカプセル封入剤が、塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に非共有結合的に添加される。いくつかの実施形態では、治療薬は、非荷電性若しくは弱荷電性及び/又は弱水溶性である。いくつかの実施形態では、添加ステップは、薬剤を含有するリポソーム粒子又は他の薬剤を含有するカプセル封入剤を塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子とともに、塞栓形成粒子の表面をリポソーム又は他のカプセル封入剤で飽和させるのに十分な時間インキュベートすることにより達成される。いくつかの実施形態では、インキュベーション時間は、約1時間、約2時間、約3時間、約4時間、約5時間、約6時間、約7時間、約8時間、約9時間、約10時間、約20時間、約30時間、約40時間、約50時間、約60時間、約70時間、約80時間、約90時間、約100時間、又は上記時間の間の任意の時間である。カプセル封入剤は、塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に吸着される、又は可逆的に結合されることになる。インキュベーションは、外部撹拌の存在下又は不在下で実行可能である。インキュベーションは、正常な条件又は高重力条件で実行可能である。高重力条件は、反応溶液を撹拌しながら遠心分離することによりなされうる。いくつかの実施形態では、インキュベーションは、撹拌なしに室温で実行される。いくつかの実施形態では、インキュベーションは、0℃〜80℃の間の温度で実行される。いくつかの実施形態では、インキュベーションは、15℃〜25℃で実行される。
本明細書に記載の化学塞栓療法剤は、一旦調製されると、血管新生化固形腫瘍の化学塞栓療法処置において利用される。いくつかの実施形態では、ドキソルビシン負荷ビーズについて開発された方法は、粒径の選択、適切な用量の選択、処置のタイミング、投与方法、及びイメージングなどのそれに関連した手順に対して用いられてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態では、化学塞栓療法が唯一の治療として用いられてもよい、又は手術(腫瘍切除)、標準的な化学療法及び/若しくは放射線療法などの他の治療オプションと組み合わせられてもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、化学塞栓療法が、手術(腫瘍切除)、標準的な化学療法及び/若しくは放射線療法の前及び/又は後に適用可能である。
いくつかの実施形態では、投与された化学塞栓療法剤の用量は、0.1〜500mg/mlの組成物を含む範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、投与された化学塞栓療法剤の用量は、10〜100mg/mlの組成物を含む範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、治療は、1〜5回反復され、各用量における投与される治療薬の量は、0.1〜100mg/ml、好ましくは10〜100mg/mlの範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、通常の治療において投与される化学塞栓療法剤組成物の量は、1〜6mlの範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、用量あたり投与される化学塞栓療法剤の総量は、0.01mg〜1000mgを含む範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、用量あたり投与される化学塞栓療法剤の総量は、25〜250mgを含む範囲内である。いくつかの実施形態では、用量あたり投与される化学塞栓療法剤の量は、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、又は1000mgである。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示は、本明細書に記載の化学塞栓療法剤の1つ以上を有する製品を説明する。
実施例1.ソラフェニブのカプセル封入及びDC Beads(登録商標)への負荷
これは、1)ソラフェニブを、その外部表面上で正に荷電されたカプセル封入剤(カチオン性リポソーム)へのカプセル封入により水溶性にしたことと、2)そのようにして得られた複数の負荷されたカプセル封入剤の微粒子(DC Beads(登録商標))への会合、という2ステッププロセスを介して達成した。これを達成するため、ソラフェニブパラトルエンスルホン酸塩(9.1mg)、DOTAP(1,2−ジオレオイル−3−トリメチルアンモニウム−プロパンクロリド塩、100mg)及びDOPC(1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、101.1mg)をエタノール(0.5mL)に溶解し、この溶液を10%トレハロース溶液(9mL)に撹拌下で液滴添加した。得られた粘稠性エマルションを室温で5分間撹拌し、次に200nmのポリカーボネート膜を用いて手動式リポソーム押出機を通して濾過した。得られた単層リポソーム溶液を一晩凍結乾燥させ、白色固体を得て、それを脱イオン水(1.82mL)中で再構成し、5mg/mLの最終ソラフェニブ濃度を得た。DC Beads(登録商標)(2mL、光散乱による測定として、約100〜300ミクロンの平均ビーズ直径を有する、約200,000のビーズを有する)をできる限り多くの液体として流し、リポソーム溶液で処理した。上清中のソラフェニブの濃度を、HPLC/MSにより経時的に測定した。約46時間後、平衡に達し、ソラフェニブの負荷は約52%であると思われた。飽和が達成され、負荷を増加させるため、より多くのビーズが必要であるという可能性がある。溶出実験においては、DC Beads(登録商標)を有するリポソーム溶液は綿フィルターを通過し、フィルター上にDC Beads(登録商標)が残存した。37℃に加温したPBS(1.0M,pH7.4)は、ビーズ上を4mL/分で60分間通過させた。4個の40mLのバイアルを収集し、各サンプル中のソラフェニブの濃度を測定するため、HPLC/MS/MSにより分析した。10個の3mLのバイアルを収集し、ソラフェニブにおける薬剤溶出動力学を確立するため、HPLC/MS/MSにより分析した。
これは、1)レゴラフェニブ(4.7229mg)を、その外部表面上で正に荷電されたカプセル封入剤(カチオン性リポソーム)へのカプセル封入により水溶性にしたことと、2)そのようにして得られた複数の負荷されたカプセル封入剤の微粒子への会合、という2ステッププロセスを介して達成した。つまり、レゴラフェニブ(6.9mg)、DOTAP(1,2−ジオレオイル−3−トリメチルアンモニウム−プロパンクロリド塩、100mg)及びDOPC(1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン、101.1mg)をエタノール(0.5mL)に溶解し、この溶液を10%トレハロース溶液(9mL)に撹拌下で液滴添加した。得られた粘稠性エマルションを室温で5分間撹拌し、次に200nmのポリカーボネート膜を用いて手動式リポソーム押出機を通して濾過した。得られた単層リポソーム溶液を一晩凍結乾燥させ、白色固体を得て、それを脱イオン水(1.8mL)中で再構成し、5mg/mLの最終レゴラフェニブ濃度を得た。DC Beads(登録商標)(2mL)をできる限り多くの液体として流し、リポソーム溶液で処理した。上清中のレゴラフェニブの濃度を、HPLC/MSにより経時的に測定した。約92時間後、平衡に達し、レゴラフェニブの負荷は約25%であると思われた。溶出実験においては、DC Beads(登録商標)を有するリポソーム溶液は綿フィルターを通過し、フィルター上にDC Beads(登録商標)が残存した。37℃に加温したPBS(1.0M,pH7.4)は、ビーズ上を4mL/分で60分間通過させた。4つの40mLのバイアルを収集し、各サンプル中のソラフェニブの濃度を測定するため、HPLC/MS/MSにより分析した。
表1及び2は、DC Beads(登録商標)から40分にわたって溶出されたソラフェニブ及びレゴラフェニブの濃度を各々示す。図15及び16は、ソラフェニブ及びレゴラフェニブの累積濃度を各時点において各々示す。ソラフェニブとレゴラフェニブの双方においては、ビーズからの初期のより多い放出後、より少量の薬剤が放出され、MS/MS法における定量下限(LLQ)に近い平衡に達すると思われた。負荷したソラフェニブのわずか約2%が40分にわたって溶出されたが、この結果は、ドキソルビシンについて、ドキソルビシンのわずか約4%が24時間後に溶出された場合の以前の観察結果と一致している。
チラパザミンのカプセル封入及び負荷は、実施例1及び2に記載のような類似プロトコルに従って行う。
ソラフェニブ及びチラパザミンのカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例1及び3に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。
レゴラフェニブ及びチラパザミンのカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例2及び3に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。
薬剤負荷溶液を、滅菌水をドキソルビシン塩酸塩粉末(Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI)のバイアルに添加することにより調製し、所望濃度の溶液を生成した(負荷実験においては、25mgのドキソルビシン塩を水5mLに溶解した。0.043ミリモル/5mL=8.6mM溶液)。体積1mLのビーズをシリンジによって吸引し、できるだけ大量の液体で除去し、次にドキソルビシン水溶液(5mL、5mg/mLの濃度)を吸引し、ビーズと混合した。混合物を、密封バイアルに分注し、撹拌せずに室温で負荷しておき、溶液中の赤色呈色が減少し、ビーズが赤色を帯びているまで、ある時間放置した。この時間は、薬剤負荷溶液の濃度とビーズの大きさとに依存した。
実施例6における場合に類似した手順を用いて、スニチニブをDC Beads(登録商標)に負荷した。スニチニブの評価された取り込みは、室温で、6時間後に約99%であり、24時間後に>99.8%であった。
ソラフェニブ溶液及びドキソルビシン溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例1及び6に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。ソラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/ドキソルビシン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
レゴラフェニブ溶液及びドキソルビシン溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例2及び6に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。レゴラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/ドキソルビシン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
ソラフェニブ溶液及びスニチニブ溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例1及び7に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。ソラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/スニチニブ負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
レゴラフェニブ溶液及びスニチニブ溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例2及び7に記載のように調製し、DC Beads(登録商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。レゴラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/スニチニブ負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
ソラフェニブのカプセル封入及び負荷は、Oncozene Beads(商標)を用いて、実施例1に記載のような類似プロトコルに従って行う。
レゴラフェニブのカプセル封入及び負荷は、Oncozene Beads(商標)を用いて、実施例2に記載のような類似プロトコルに従って行う。
チラパザミンのカプセル封入及び負荷は、Oncozene Beads(商標)を用いて、実施例3に記載のような類似プロトコルに従って行う。
ソラフェニブ及びチラパザミンのカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例1及び3に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。ソラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/チラパザミン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
レゴラフェニブ及びチラパザミンのカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例2及び3に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。レゴラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/チラパザミン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
実施例6に提示されるような手順を用いて、ドキソルビシンをOncozene Beads(商標)に負荷する。
実施例17における場合に類似した手順を用いて、スニチニブをOncozene Beads(商標)に負荷する。
ソラフェニブ溶液及びドキソルビシン溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例12及び17に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。ソラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/ドキソルビシン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
レゴラフェニブ溶液及びドキソルビシン溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例13及び17に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。レゴラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/ドキソルビシン負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
ソラフェニブ溶液及びスニチニブ溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例12及び18に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。ソラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/スニチニブ負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
レゴラフェニブ溶液及びスニチニブ溶液のカプセル封入サンプルを、実施例13及び18に記載のように調製し、Oncozene Beads(商標)に別々に結合させる。各々の負荷されたビーズを、シリンジを介して組み合わせることで、所望の治療レジメンが得られる。レゴラフェニブ負荷ビーズ/スニチニブ負荷ビーズの割合は各々、10:1〜1:10の中のいずれかでありうる。いくつかの実施形態では、負荷は、3:1〜1:3又は2:1〜1:2であってもよい。
以下の例は、化学塞栓療法剤を用いた肝がんの治療について開示する。
以下は、化学塞栓療法剤を用いた動物腫瘍モデルにおける試験を記載する。
提供された各肝組織の複数の切片を評価した。H&Eスライドを、一般的評価、壊死又は損傷(存在する場合)の百分率の分布、肝細胞での細胞質生成、及びそれに帰属するゾーンについて低い拡大率(20×)で評価し、その後、より高い拡大率で評価した(100×及び400×)。トリミング組織:各切片は、正常及び異常な肝組織を含んだ(存在する場合)。腫瘍が非常に大きい場合、隣接する肉眼的に視認できる正常肝組織又は嚢を伴う腫瘍を表すものを含めた。肉眼的に、2つ以上の切片を横面及び側面から検査した。
1,2ジオレオイル−3−トリメチルアンモニウムプロパン(DOTAP)及び1,2ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ3−ホスホコリン(DOPC)(Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. Alabaster, AL, USA)をカチオン性リポソームの調製に用いる。文献(Chang HI, Cheng MY, Yeh MK (2012) Clinically-Proven Liposome-Based Drug Delivery: Formulation, Characterization and Therapeutic Efficacy. 1: 195. doi:10.4172/scientificreports.195 及び Chang HI, Yeh MK (2012). Clinical development of liposome-based drugs: formulation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy. Int J Nanomedicine 7:49-60(全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される))中に記載のようなリポソームの作製を標準的手順に基づいて実施する。これを達成するため、DOTAP、DOPC及びソラフェニブを50/45/5のモル比でエタノールに溶解する。濃縮したエタノール溶液を撹拌下で10%トレハロース溶液に注射し、多重膜リポソームの懸濁液を得る。これらをポリカーボネート膜(孔径200nm)を通して押し出し、得られた単分散の単層(monolamellar)リポソームを、MilliPakフィルター(220nm)を用いて濾過滅菌する。リポソームをガラスバイアルに充填し、凍結乾燥する。DEE負荷実験のため、凍結乾燥したリポソームソラフェニブを水に再懸濁する。
前臨床試験における評価用にソラフェニブ製剤に適した放出特性を特徴づけるため、試験を実施する。これを達成するため、体積1mLのビーズをシリンジにより吸引し、上清を除去する。1mLの製剤化ソラフェニブ即ち(5mg/mL)を吸引し、ビーズと混合する。混合物を密封バイアルに分注し、撹拌せずに室温で負荷しておく。HPLC/MS注射のため、様々な時点で、上清10μLを採取し、水90μLで希釈する。溶出実験は、予備的結果のセクション及び文献(Lewis AL, Gonzalez MV, Lloyd AW, Hall B, Tang Y, Willis SL, Leppard SW, Wolfenden LC, Palmer RR, Stratford PW (2006). DC bead: in vitro characterization of a drug-delivery device for transarterial chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 17(2 Pt 1):335-42(その全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される))に記載の方法に従って実施する。
インビトロでの生物学的有効性の証拠を実証するため、ソラフェニブ製剤を、HCC細胞に対する細胞分裂停止作用のそれらのレベルについて評価する。MTT細胞増殖アッセイ:この試験において、HepG2及びSMMC7721細胞を用いる。細胞(5×103個)を96ウェル平底プレート内で培養する。細胞を、10%FBS及びMTS試薬粉末20μLを含有するDMEM100μL中で培養する(Promega, Madison, WI, USA)。細胞を収集し、96ウェル平底プレート上に播種し、37℃で4時間インキュベートする。1、2、3、4、又は5日間のインキュベーション後、550nMでの吸光度を各ウェルにおいて測定する。増殖阻害活性を、アメリカ国立がん研究所(National Cancer Institute)、創薬プログラム(Developmental Therapeutics Program)に若干変更を加えた手順(Boyd, M.R.; Kenneth, D.P (1995). Some practical considerations and applications of the National Cancer Institute in vitro anticancer drug discovery screen. Drug Dev. Res 34, 91-109(その全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される))に従い、前述のように評価する。次に、試験薬剤を5回連続10倍希釈(10−8〜10−4モル・L−1)で添加し、さらに72時間インキュベートする。溶媒(DMSO)もまた、その濃度を作動濃度(DMSOの最大濃度は0.25%である)と同じであるように調節することにより、最終的阻害活性について試験する。インキュベーションの72時間後、生細胞内のデヒドロゲナーゼ活性を検出するMTTアッセイ(Promega)を実施することにより、細胞増殖速度を評価する。結果を、50%の阻害に必要な濃度であるIC50として表す。各化合物におけるIC50値を、線形回帰分析を用いて用量反応曲線から算出する。
HCCのVX2ウサギ腫瘍モデルにおいて、ソラフェニブ製剤をその薬剤放出特性、塞栓特性及び薬理学的有効性について試験する(Rao PP, Pascale F, Seck A, Auperin A, Drouard-Troalen L, Deschamps F, Teriitheau C, Paci A, Denys A, Bize P, de Baere T (2012). Irinotecan loaded in eluting beads: preclinical assessment in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 35(6):1448-59 and Hong K, Khwaja A, Liapi E, Torbenson MS, Georgiades CS, Geschwind JF (2006). New intra-arterial drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer: preclinical assessment in a rabbit model of liver cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 12(8):2563-7(全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される))。処置した動物は、i)ソラフェニブが局所的環境に放出されること、ii)薬剤放出が、肝臓に対して局所的であり、全身曝露が最小であること、及びiii)ソラフェニブ/DEEが腫瘍モデルにおいて有効であることを検証するため、評価することになる。試験の群1は、迅速な溶出特性を有するDEEであり、群2は、より緩徐な放出特性を有するソラフェニブが負荷されたDEEであり、群3は、ドキソルビシンが負荷されたDEEであり、群4は、IA送達されるソラフェニブを伴う塞栓物質であり、且つ群5は、全身性のソラフェニブである。各群では、試験用にウサギを少なくとも3匹用い、ウサギ3匹をドナーとして、またウサギ3匹を消耗用に用いる。ウサギは全部で45匹である。
塞栓形成手技の終了直後、ソラフェニブ又はレゴラフェニブの血漿レベルを測定する。全血サンプルをエチレンジアミン四酢酸カリウム管に収集し、遠心分離する。血漿サンプルを、液体クロマトグラフィー−タンデム質量分析による分析まで、−20℃で貯蔵する。ソラフェニブ又はレゴラフェニブの測定は、4つの組織サンプル/動物にて実施し(右葉において2つと左葉において2つ)、屠殺後と同じ質量分析方法を用いて、標本誤差を制限する。
Claims (32)
- 血管新生化固形腫瘍がんの治療用の化学塞栓療法剤であって、
塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子;
イオン性若しくは他の非共有結合的相互作用を通じて前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に添加され、且つリポソームである、カプセル封入剤;及び
前記カプセル封入剤中に含有される治療薬、
を含み、
前記治療薬が、非荷電性又は弱荷電性である、又は生理学的pHの水性培地中で低溶解度を有し、且つ
前記治療薬が、ソラフェニブ、レゴラフェニブ、レンバチニブ、チラパザミン、カボザンチニブ、及びスニチニブからなる群から選択される抗がん剤である、
化学塞栓療法剤。 - 前記治療薬がソラフェニブである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記治療薬がレゴラフェニブである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記治療薬がレンバチニブである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記治療薬がチラパザミンである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記治療薬がスニチニブである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記治療薬がカボザンチニブである、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 生理学的pHの水性培地中で低溶解度を有し、且つ前記治療薬が非荷電性又は弱荷電性である、請求項1に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 化学塞栓療法剤であって、
塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子;
イオン性若しくは他の非共有結合的相互作用を通じて前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に添加される、カプセル封入剤;及び
前記カプセル封入剤中に含有され、非荷電性又は弱荷電性である、又は生理学的pHの水性培地中で低溶解度を有する、治療レジメン
を含む、化学塞栓療法剤。 - 前記治療レジメンが1つ以上の治療薬を含み、且つ前記1つ以上の治療薬が抗がん剤である、請求項9に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記抗がん剤が正荷電である、請求項10に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記抗がん剤が負荷電である、請求項10に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記抗がん剤が、ソラフェニブ、レゴラフェニブ、レンバチニブ、チラパザミン、カボザンチニブ、又はスニチニブから選択される、請求項10〜12のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記抗がん剤が、ソラフェニブ、レゴラフェニブ、又はレンバチニブである、請求項13に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記カプセル封入された治療レジメンを含有する前記カプセル封入剤が、前記治療レジメンを放出するように構成される、請求項9〜14のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に添加されたカプセル封入されていない治療薬をさらに含む、請求項9〜15のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記カプセル封入されていない治療薬が、放出可能機構を介して前記化学塞栓療法剤に会合される、請求項16に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子が、ポリビニルアルコール材料からなる、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子が、DC Beads(登録商標)、アセタール化PVA、架橋されたアクリルハイドロゲル、Embozene(商標)、Oncozene(商標)、LC Beads(登録商標)、TheraSphere(登録商標)、HepaSphere(登録商標)、QuadraSphere(登録商標)、LifePearl(登録商標)、及びHydroPearl(登録商標)の1つ以上を含む、請求項18に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記カプセル封入剤が、リポソームである、請求項9〜19のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記リポソームが、カチオン性リポソームである、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 前記カチオン性リポソームが、DOTAPとDOPCの混合物を含む、請求項21に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- DOTAP及びDOPCの相対的量が、10〜90%のDOTAP及び10〜90%のDOPCの範囲であり、且つそれらを含む、請求項22に記載の化学塞栓療法剤。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の化学塞栓療法剤を治療有効量で含む、肝がんを治療するための医薬組成物。
- 対象におけるがんを治療する方法であって、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記医薬的有効量の前記化学塞栓療法剤が、対象の前記がんの固形腫瘍を血管新生化する血管に送られる、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記血管が、肝動脈である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、肝がんである、請求項25〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記肝がんが、肝細胞がんである、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、腎細胞がんである、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記治療レジメン中の前記量の前記1つ以上の治療薬が、約0.01mg/kg体重〜約10mg/kg体重の用量で前記対象に投与される、請求項25〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化学塞栓療法剤を調製する方法であって、
a)第1の水性培地中で治療薬をカプセル封入剤中にカプセル封入するステップであって、前記治療薬が非荷電性又は弱荷電性である又は弱水溶性であるステップと、
b)第2の水性培地中で前記カプセル封入された治療レジメンを有する前記カプセル封入剤を塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子と接触させ、前記カプセル封入剤を前記塞栓形成粒子若しくは微粒子に添加するステップ
を含む方法。
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AU2018273988A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
EP3630078B1 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
WO2018218208A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
US20210169801A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
KR102693361B1 (ko) | 2024-08-09 |
IL270853A (en) | 2020-01-30 |
MX2019014038A (es) | 2022-04-20 |
JP7055820B2 (ja) | 2022-04-18 |
AU2018273988B2 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
US20230346701A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
AU2023202464A1 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
CA3064829C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
US11712418B2 (en) | 2023-08-01 |
CN111315368A (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
EP3630078A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
KR20200036815A (ko) | 2020-04-07 |
RU2019138742A (ru) | 2021-06-28 |
CA3064829A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
EP3630078A4 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
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