JP2020520391A - 炭化水素を熱分解するための管および装置 - Google Patents
炭化水素を熱分解するための管および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102220187649 rs145044428 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/24—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/26—Steam or water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
- C10G2300/807—Steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
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Abstract
Description
・管の内面に加工された、長手方向軸線を中心として螺旋状に内面に沿って延びる溝の個数NT、
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面における、溝が加工された内面の直径、
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面において、その溝底部においてそれぞれ円弧の形状を有する溝の溝底部の半径r2および
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面において、内面上にあり、その中心点が長手方向軸線上にある、直径Diの円と、溝の溝底部の、長手方向軸線から最も離れた点との間の最小の間隔にそれぞれ相当する、溝の溝深さTT
の間の関係式が生じ、この関係式を考慮しながら、外側から加熱された管を備えた管状炉における炭化水素の熱分解の経済性を改善することができることが確認された。
C1=1946.066
C2=302.378
C3=−2.178
C4=266.002
C5=1.954
C6=50.495
C7=−2.004
C8=79.732
C9=−1.041
C10=0.04631
C11=−0.26550。
・管の内面に加工された、長手方向軸線を中心として螺旋状に内面に沿って延びる溝の個数NT、
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面における、溝が加工された内面の直径、
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面において、その溝底部においてそれぞれ円弧の形状を有する溝の溝底部の半径r2および
・長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面において、内面上にあり、その中心点が長手方向軸線上にある、直径Diの円と、溝の溝底部の、長手方向軸線から最も離れた点との間の最小の間隔にそれぞれ相当する、溝の溝深さTT
は、これらの関係式を基礎とした単純な反復法で求めることができる。この関係式を満たす、管を特徴付けるこれら4つの特徴の各対は、外側から加熱される管を備えた管状炉における炭化水素の熱分解の経済性を改善する管を表している。
VD=NT/Nref*100
から生じ、この場合、基準数Nrefは、関係式が
第1のステップにおいて、関係式の右辺
0.05%〜0.6%の炭素、
20%〜50%のクロム、
5%〜40%の鉄、
6%までのアルミニウム、
2%までのケイ素、
2%までのマンガン、
1.5%までのニオブ、
1.5%までのタンタル、
6.0%までのタングステン、
1.0%までのチタン、
1.0%までのジルコニウム、
0.5%までのイットリウム、
0.5%までのセリウム、
0.5%までのモリブデン、
0.1%までの窒素、
および残りの溶融による不純物を含むニッケル
から成るニッケル−クロム−鉄−合金が使用される。
熱伝達をシミュレーションするための境界条件:
管を外側から加熱するための室の温度:1300℃:
管の放射率ε:0.85
サニーサイド/ダークサイド(サニーサイド:80%の放射、20%の対流、ダークサイド:20%の放射、80%の対流)ならびに温度に依存した物理的な材料特性、密度、比熱容量および熱伝導率
シミュレーション長さ:2m
C1=1946.066
C2=302.378
C3=−2.178
C4=266.002
C5=1.954
C6=50.495
C7=−2.004
C8=79.732
C9=−1.041
C10=0.04631
C11=−0.26550
−0.2≧P1≧−0.3
310≦P2≦315
200≦P3≦1500
の左側の項のために、値
1946.066+302.378*1.3+−2.178*VD+266.002*60
+(1.3−1.954)*(VD−50.495)*−2.004
+(1.3−1.954)*(60−79.732)*−1.041
+(VD−50.495)*(60−79.732)*0.04631
+(60−79.732)*(60−79.732)*−0.26550
が生じ、したがって、
18162.4329−1.7812VD
が生じ、かつVD=NT/Nref*100=NT/18*100=5.5556NTにより、
18162.4329−9.8954NT
が生じる。
19.680≧18162.4329−9.8954NT
および関係式
18162.4329−9.8954NT≧17.720
が満たされているように、選択すべきである。両方の関係式は、1≦NT≦44.71により満たされ得る。
Claims (12)
- 供給される混合物が外側から加熱される管を通じて案内され、蒸気の存在下で炭化水素を熱分解するための管であって、
・前記管(1)が、長手方向軸線(A)に沿って延びていて、前記管(1)の内面に加工された、前記長手方向軸線(A)を中心として螺旋状に前記内面に沿って延びる個数NTの溝(2)を有していて、
・前記溝(2)が加工された前記内面が、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、直径Diおよび半径r1=Di/2を有していて、
・前記溝(2)が、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、その溝底部(4)においてそれぞれ円弧の形状を有していて、該円弧が半径r2を有しており、
前記溝(2)が、それぞれ溝深さTTを有していて、該溝深さTTは、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、前記内面上にあり、中心点が前記長手方向軸線(A)上にある、前記直径Diの円と、前記溝(2)の前記溝底部(4)の、前記長手方向軸線(A)から最も離れた点との間の最小の間隔にそれぞれ相当する、炭化水素を熱分解するための管であって、
等価直径
C1=1946.066
C2=302.378
C3=−2.178
C4=266.002
C5=1.954
C6=50.495
C7=−2.004
C8=79.732
C9=−1.041
−0.2≧P1≧−0.3
310≦P2≦315
200≦P3≦1500
を満たし、
ここで、同じ等価直径
VD=NT/Nref*100
から得られ、かつ前記基準数Nrefが、関係式
- 供給される混合物が外側から加熱された管を通じて案内され、蒸気の存在下で炭化水素を熱分解する管であって、
・前記管(1)が、長手方向軸線(A)に沿って延びていて、前記管(1)の内面に加工された、前記長手方向軸線(A)を中心として螺旋状に前記内面に沿って延びる個数NTの溝(2)を有していて、
・前記溝(2)が加工された前記内面が、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、直径Diおよび半径r1=Di/2を有していて、
・前記溝(2)が、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、その溝底部(4)においてそれぞれ円弧の形状を有していて、該円弧が半径r2を有しており、
前記溝(2)が、それぞれ溝深さTTを有していて、該溝深さTTは、前記長手方向軸線(A)に対して垂直な横断面において、前記内面上にあり、中心点が前記長手方向軸線(A)上にある、前記直径Diの円と、前記溝(2)の前記溝底部(4)の、前記長手方向軸線(A)から最も離れた点との間の最小の間隔にそれぞれ相当する、炭化水素を熱分解するための管であって、
等価直径
C1=1946.066
C2=302.378
C3=−2.178
C4=266.002
C5=1.954
C6=50.495
C7=−2.004
C8=79.732
C9=−1.041
C10=0.04631
C11=−0.26550
−0.2≧P1≧−0.3
310≦P2≦315
200≦P3≦1500
を満たし、
同じ等価直径
VD=NT/Nref*100
から得られ、かつ前記基準数Nrefが、関係式
- 前記管の前記内面が円筒状であり、該円筒状の内面に前記溝が加工されるので、前記溝の間に、円筒の部分を形成する前記内面の部分が残っている、請求項1または2記載の管。
- 前記長手方向軸線に対して垂直な横断面において、前記内面の、2つの溝の間に配置された部分により占められる、前記内面円上の円弧セグメントが、前記内面のこの部分に隣接する溝のうちの少なくとも1つの溝の溝開口により占められる、前記内面円上の円弧セグメントの1%よりも大きい、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記溝(2)が加工された前記内面の前記直径Diが、15mm〜280mmの範囲にある、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記溝深さTTが、0.1mm〜10mmの範囲にある、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記溝(2)の個数NTが、1%〜347%の範囲にある溝密度をもたらす、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記溝(2)が、前記長手方向軸線(A)に関して20°〜40°、好適には22.5°〜32.5°の角度で延びている、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記管が、遠心鋳造管であるか、または遠心鋳造管への溝の加工により遠心鋳造管から製造されている、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の管。
- 前記管が、
0.05%〜0.6%の炭素、
20%〜50%のクロム、
5%〜40%の鉄、
2%〜6%のアルミニウム、
2%までのケイ素、
2%までのマンガン、
1.5%までのニオブ、
1.5%までのタンタル、
6.0%までのタングステン、
1.0%までのチタン、
1.0%までのジルコニウム、
0.5%までのイットリウム、
0.5%までのセリウム、
0.5%までのモリブデン、
0.1%までの窒素、
および残りの溶融による不純物を含むニッケル
から成る、高い酸化耐性、浸炭耐性、クリープ強度およびクリープ耐性を備えたニッケル−クロム−鉄−合金を有していて、特にこのような合金から成っている、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の管。 - 請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の管が設けられていることを特徴とする、供給される混合物が外側から加熱される管を通じて案内され、蒸気の存在下で炭化水素を熱分解するための装置。
- 供給される混合物が外側から加熱された管を通じて案内され、蒸気の存在下で炭化水素を熱分解するための、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の管の使用。
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EP17000601.9 | 2017-04-07 | ||
PCT/EP2018/058615 WO2018185167A1 (de) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen |
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