WO2018185167A1 - Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018185167A1 WO2018185167A1 PCT/EP2018/058615 EP2018058615W WO2018185167A1 WO 2018185167 A1 WO2018185167 A1 WO 2018185167A1 EP 2018058615 W EP2018058615 W EP 2018058615W WO 2018185167 A1 WO2018185167 A1 WO 2018185167A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- grooves
- longitudinal axis
- tube
- aqv
- groove
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 35% chromium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241001416181 Axis axis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/16—Preventing or removing incrustation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/24—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/26—Steam or water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
- C10G2300/807—Steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, in which the feed mixture is passed through externally heated tubes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons.
- tube furnaces For the high-temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (petroleum derivatives), tube furnaces have proven in which a hydrocarbon / water vapor mixture at temperatures above 750 ° C by rows of single or meandering pipes (cracking tubes) made of heat-resistant nickel-chromium-iron alloy with high oxidation and / or scale resistance and high carbon build-up resistance.
- the coils consist of vertically or horizontally extending straight pipe sections, which are connected to each other via U-shaped pipe bend or arranged parallel to each other. They are usually heated with the help of sidewall and / or with the help of floor burners and therefore have a burner facing so-called sunny side and the opposite by 90 ° offset, that is in the direction of the rows of tubes so-called shadow side.
- the mean tube wall temperatures (TMT) are sometimes over 1000 ° C.
- the life of the cracking pipes depends very much on the creep resistance and the carburization resistance as well as on the coking speed of the cracking pipes From pipe material. Decisive for the rate of coking, that is for the growth of a layer of carbon deposits (pyrolysis) on the pipe inner wall are in addition to the type of hydrocarbons used, the gap gas temperature in the inner wall and the so-called CrackJrfe, behind the influence of the system pressure and residence time in the pipe system on the
- the gap sharpness is set on the basis of the mean outlet temperature of the cracked gases (eg 850 ° C). The higher the gas temperature in the vicinity of the tube inner wall is above this temperature, the greater the growth of the pyrolysis coke layer, the insulating effect of which further raises the tube wall temperature.
- the carbon diffuses at defects of the oxide layer into the pipe wall and leads there to a considerable carburizing, which can go up to carbon contents of 1% to 3% in wall depths of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Associated with this is a significant embrittlement of the pipe material with the risk of cracking during thermal cycling especially when starting and stopping the furnace.
- US Pat. No. 5,950,718 also discloses a whole spectrum of inclination angles and also distances between the inner ribs, without, however, considering the nature of the ribs.
- EP 1 525 289 B9 discloses a finned tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, which has inclined, helically extending inner fins relative to the tube axis.
- a nickel-chromium-iron alloy with high oxidation and carburization resistance, creep rupture strength and creep resistance is composed of 0.4% to 0.6% carbon, 28% to 33% chromium, 15% to 25% iron , 2% to 6% aluminum, to 2% silicon, to 2% manganese, to 1, 5% niobium, to 1, 5% tantalum, to 1, 0% tungsten, to 1, 0% titanium, to 1, 0 % Zirconium, up to 0.5% yttrium, up to 0.5% cerium, up to 0.5% molybdenum, up to 0.1% nitrogen, remainder nickel including melting-related impurities.
- the invention has the object to improve the efficiency of the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in tubular ovens with externally heated tubes.
- the groove depth TT of the grooves which, in the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in each case correspond to the smallest distance between the circle and the through-hole diameter Di, on which the inner surface lies and whose center lies on the longitudinal axis, and which corresponds to the farthest point of the groove bottom of the groove from the longitudinal axis, is to take into consideration the economy of the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in tubular ovens with externally heated tubes can be improved.
- this characteristic can be considered
- the constant P1 is selected from a range of -0.25 to -0.295, more preferably from a range of -0.287 to -0.2655. Most preferably, the constant P1 is -0.287 or -0.2655.
- the constant P2 is selected from a range of 310 to 312, more preferably from a range of 310.42 to 31 1, 31.
- the constant P2 is equal to 310, 42 or 31, 31.
- the constant P3 is selected from a range of 230 to 1400, more preferably from a range of 261, 21 to 1076. More preferably, the constant P3 is equal to 261, 21 or 1076.
- the characteristic value used for the design of the pipe according to the invention is determined in the aforementioned relationship as a function of the numerical value
- the term "numerical value” is understood to mean the dimensionless number of a value of a physical variable composed of the numerical value and the unit of measure.
- a physical quantity is a quantifiable property of a physical object, process or state. Its value (size value) is given as the product of a numerical value (the measure) and a unit of measure. Since the relations used for the design of the tube according to the invention are dimensionless, the numerical value of the physical quantities is used. To illustrate this, in the description and the claims, the numerical value of a
- the characteristic value used for the design of the pipe according to the invention is determined in the aforementioned relationship as a function of the numerical value
- the equivalent diameter is the diameter of the inner surface, which would have a smooth, not grooved pipe whose passage area corresponds to the passage area of the pipe according to the invention.
- a passage area is in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the free area within the
- the passage area of the tube according to the invention which is the same as the passage area A Aqv of the smooth tube can thus be expressed exclusively with the features characterizing the tube as follows (also referred to below by formula (1)):
- the groove depth TT of the grooves which in the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in each case the smallest distance between the circle with the diameter Di, on which lies the inner surface and whose center lies on the longitudinal axis, and the farthest point of the groove bottom of the groove from the longitudinal axis can be determined using simple iterations based on this relationship. Any pairing of these four tube characterizing features that satisfies this relationship represents a tube that improves the economics of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in tubular ovens with externally heated tubes.
- definitions for individual ones of the four characteristics characterizing the pipe result from rigidity or production restrictions or also from the fact that the pipe must be designed with a specific passage area.
- a possible maximum weight of the individual pipe resulting from the installation in which the pipe is to be used may result in a restriction for the maximum wall thickness of the pipe, which in turn results in a limitation for the maximum groove depth TT which can be represented from rigidity aspects.
- Limitations for the wall thickness (and thus for the maximum representable groove depth) can also result from other aspects, for example from the heat transfer to be achieved.
- Rigidity considerations can also be an upper limit to the number N T in the
- Inner surface of the tube introduced, helically extending around the longitudinal axis along the inner surface extending grooves in combination with the groove depth TT. If too many grooves are introduced, the stiffness of the pipe can be weakened too much.
- indexable inserts are used to make the grooves. These indexable inserts are available in specified sizes. If - for economic reasons - one resorts to the already available indexable inserts and dispenses with the possibility - also conceivable - of making indexable inserts specifically for the production of the concrete tube, this also gives specifications for the radius r 2 of the circular arc of the groove bottom in combination with the groove depth TT. It can also be found that a tube with a first number of grooves can be produced more quickly and significantly less expensively than a tube with a second, larger number of grooves in relation to the first number, so that there is also a restriction on the number of grooves results in grooves.
- the knowledge according to the invention can be used for pipes with a wide range of diameters Di of the inner surface into which the grooves are introduced. Obviously, more grooves with a fixed radius r 2 of the circular arc in the groove bottom of the groove and a defined groove depth TT can be introduced into a tube with a larger diameter Di than into a tube with a smaller diameter Di. In order nevertheless to be able to specify a relationship for all diameters, a standardization was developed in which the actual number of grooves N T in the relationship is no longer used, but the groove density V D.
- a Aqv is the equivalent diameter calculated from the formula (1) and wherein
- N ref can be easily determined by the following sequence of steps: In a first step, the right side of the relationship
- N ref is a natural number
- the natural number is taken which corresponds to the calculated value if the calculated value is a natural number or the next smaller natural number to the calculated value.
- Di 60 mm
- TT 2.05 mm
- r 2 8 mm
- N T 8. This yields N ref ⁇ 19.4967769. So we adopted N ref in the first step as 19.
- a Aqv is calculated with the values of the tube to which it is necessary to check whether it realizes the advantages according to the invention, calculated by the formula (1).
- the result is an A Aqv of 2963.77397 mm 2 for the stated example values. Consequently, in the second step of the search for N ref, it is checked whether the N ref found in the first step allows an r Nref to be found which satisfies the formula (2) calculated with the thus calculated A Aqv and at the same time fulfills the mentioned secondary conditions.
- r Nref is the one with any numerical value, for example
- a WHEN N-THEN check (lf-then-test) that returns the word "FALSE” if the value in the fourth cell is less than zero and otherwise returns the word "TRUE”.
- the prepared spreadsheet can then be used to start the target value search provided in the spreadsheet program.
- the target value search asks what the target cell is. For this you enter the third cell. Further, the target value search asks for the target value.
- the target value search asks for the changeable cell. To do this, you enter the first cell. The target value search will result in a value in the first cell. Is at this value, the content of the fifth cell is "TRUE", then that is found in the first step N ref is the N ref to be used. If the value of the fifth cell is "FALSE”, then the N ref found in the first step is reduced by the number 1 and thus forms a new N ref , with which the second step is carried out again. As a rule, this results in a value in the first cell already at the end of the target value search, to which the word "TRUE" also stands in the fifth cell, so that the new N ref obtained in this way is the N ref to be used.
- the first step results in an N ref of 19.
- the target value search with N ref of 19 a r Nref of 29,450,992.
- the value is -0.07096658, so that in the fifth cell the word "FALSE" is ejected. If one reduces the N ref of 19 by the number 1 to 18 and performs the second step again, the target value search with N ref of 18 results in an r Nref of 29.5192908. However, in the fourth cell, the value 0.10620948 results, so that in the fifth cell, the word "TRUE" is ejected.
- the tube according to the invention extends along a longitudinal axis and has grooves introduced into its inner surface.
- the number of grooves present is expressed by the variable N T.
- the grooves extend helically about the longitudinal axis along the inner surface of the tube. In a preferred embodiment, the grooves are evenly distributed over the circumference of the tube. This means that in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis for all grooves of the
- the groove depth is understood as the distance of the deepest point of the groove from the inner surface. This is the shortest in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
- Embodiments of the invention are provided in which the inner surface of the tube is cylindrical and the grooves are introduced into this cylindrical inner surface. Between the grooves then remain parts of the inner surface, forming parts of a cylinder.
- embodiments are also provided in which the inner surface remaining between two grooves shrinks almost to one line, because the groove mouth (the opening cross section of the groove in the inner surface) is chosen to be very large.
- the curvature of the surface of the groove of a concave curvature in the groove bottom (a circular arc in
- Nutzgrund changes into a convex curvature of the surface of the groove in the region of the Nutmunds
- such embodiments may act as in the circumferential direction of grooves (which would then meant the convexly curved portion of the groove) between the grooves arranged ribs (which thus then the concave curved portion of the groove is meant) connect and merging the groove (better: the concave groove bottom) bounding wall in an outer surface of the rib.
- the inner surface circle on which yes are the most inwardly disposed parts of the inner surface is, in such embodiments, the circle in the cross section, lie in this cross section, the vertices of the "ribs".
- the groove depth is expressed by the variable TT in the pipe characterizing relationship found in accordance with the invention.
- the grooves have in a preferred embodiment in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at least in the groove bottom a rounded cross-section, which can preferably be approximated by a circular arc or corresponds to a circular arc.
- the cross-sectional geometry of the groove can expand in a preferred embodiment, in particular by a change from a concave cross-sectional geometry in the groove base to a convex cross-sectional geometry in the region of the groove mouth.
- the cross sectional geometry of the entire groove in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, can be approximated by a circular arc or corresponds to a circular arc.
- the groove in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis the cross sectional geometry of a part has an ellipse.
- the shape of the cross section of a groove perpendicular to the longitudinal axis remains the same for all cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- the shape and the size of the cross section of a groove perpendicular to the longitudinal axis for all cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis remains the same.
- all grooves of the tube in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis preferably in all cross sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the same shape and particularly preferably the same shape and size. If the grooves have different sizes and in particular different groove depths, the groove depth TT of the deepest groove is used for the pipe characterizing relationship according to the invention.
- a cross section of the tube is perpendicular to
- Longitudinal axis rotationally symmetric about the longitudinal axis. By that is meant that it at least one angle between 0 ° and 360 °, around which the cross section of the tube can be imaged by rotation about the longitudinal axis to itself.
- a cross-section of the tube perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is point-symmetrical about the point occupied by the longitudinal axis in this cross-section.
- a cross section of the tube perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is mirror-symmetrical about a lying in this cross-section, extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis axis.
- the tube has an inside diameter in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which is expressed by the variable Di.
- the inner diameter is the diameter of the inner surface circle, that is the circle about the longitudinal axis, on which lie the most inwardly disposed, remaining between the grooves parts of the inner surface.
- the tube cross-section on the inside has a diameter Di in a range of 15 mm to 280 mm, particularly preferably 15 mm to 180 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm to 150 mm and particularly preferably 30 mm to 140 mm.
- the groove depth TT is in a range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 1, 0 mm to 7 mm and most preferably from 1, 0 mm to 4 mm.
- the number of grooves N T is in a range from 1 to 100, more preferably from 2 to 50, and most preferably from 2 to 30.
- the groove density VD is in a range from 1% to 347%, more preferably from 2% to 1 13%, and most preferably from 10% to 105%.
- the grooves extend at an angle of 20 ° to 40 °, preferably 22.5 ° to 32.5 °, relative to the longitudinal axis.
- the circular arc segment occupied by a part of the inner surface arranged between two grooves on the inner surface circle is greater than 1% of that of the groove mouth of at least one of the two adjacent to this part of the inner surface.
- the circular arc segment taken on the grooves on the inner surface circle in particular greater than 2%, in particular greater than 5%, in particular greater than 10%, in particular greater than 30%, in particular greater than 50%, in particular greater than 70%.
- the circular arc segment occupied by the part of the inner surface arranged between the two grooves on the inner surface circle is equal to or larger than the circular arc segment on the inner surface circle occupied by the groove mouth of at least one of the grooves adjacent to this part of the inner surface.
- a device according to the invention for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, in which the feed mixture is passed through externally heated tubes, has at least one tube according to the invention.
- the temperature also homogenizes over the tube cross-section, resulting in a better olefin yield. The reason for this is that without the radial temperature compensation according to the invention inside the tube on the hot tube wall, overcracking and in the middle of the tube would lead to too low reaction conversion.
- the tube according to the invention can be produced, for example, from a centrifugally cast tube by twisting the ends of a tube with axially parallel grooves, or by forming the inner profile by preforming a centrifugally cast tube, for example by hot forging, hot drawing or cold forming via a profile tool. For example, a flying mandrel or a mandrel with an inner profile of the tube corresponding outer profile is generated.
- Cutting machines for internal profiling of pipes are known in various variants, for example from German Patent 195 23 280. These machines are also suitable for producing a tube according to the invention.
- the inner surface of the pipe according to the invention should have the lowest possible roughness; it can therefore be smoothed, for example mechanically polished or electrolytically leveled.
- nickel-chromium-iron alloys with 0.1% to 0.5% carbon 20% to 35% chromium, 20% to 70% nickel, up to 3% silicon, up to 1% Niobium, up to 5% tungsten and additions of hafnium, titanium, rare earths, or zirconium, in each case up to 0.5% and up to 6% aluminum.
- the tube is a nickel-chromium-iron alloy having high oxidation and carburization resistance, creep rupture strength and creep resistance
- the following table indicates possible embodiments of the invention which correspond to the proposed relationship according to the invention.
- a pairing N T Max and TT min and VD max is specified for a good, but relative to a second pair comprising N T Min and TT M ax and VD min lower heat transfer.
- the table shows a heat transfer estimated with a simulation program (H min (DAq V , TT min , V MAX) [watt]) for the lower heat transfer; H M ax (D eqv , TT max , VD min ) [watt]) for the further improved heat transfer).
- the table below shows the values of the various variables of the relationships used according to the invention for the individual tubes.
- the circular arc in the groove base had a radius r 2 of 8 mm.
- the tube according to the invention is preferably used for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, in which the feed mixture is passed through externally heated tubes.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pipe according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a first possible cross section of a pipe according to the invention in a sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube
- Fig. 3 shows a second possible cross section of a pipe according to the invention in a
- Fig. 4 is a diagram that for a pair of leading to good results numbers N T of grooves and groove depths and TT for a pairing of further improved results leading numbers N T of grooves and groove depths
- TT represents the dependence of the heat transfer achieved with this pairing on the inner diameter
- Fig. 5 shows a cross section through an inventive tube with a groove.
- the tube 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 extends along a longitudinal axis A and has a number of 3 introduced into the inner surface, helically extending around the longitudinal axis A along the inner surface extending grooves 2.
- the grooves 2 are introduced into the otherwise cylindrical running inner surface of the tube 1. Between the grooves 2 thus remain parts of the cylindrical inner surface of the tube. 1
- FIG. 2 shows that the groove depth TT and the diameter Di and the inner surface circle 3 are shown.
- FIG. 2 also shows that the cross section of the grooves 2 can be represented by a circular arc.
- the concave grooves in the groove base 4 in the direction of the Nutmund 5 can go into a convex shape and that the remaining between two grooves 2 part of Inner surface almost shrinks to a line.
- the groove depth TT and the diameter Di and the inner surface circle 3 is located.
- Fig. 4 shows the values shown in the table for
- FIG. 5 and the detail Y depicted in FIG. 5 represent the nomenclature of the abbreviations and s used in the claims and this description by way of example in a tube according to the invention with a groove.
- the external requirement is that the passage area should be that of a 60mm diameter smooth tube. Furthermore, results from the usable for the production of the tube tools manufacturing side the
- the number 18 is thus to be used as N ref .
- N T should be chosen such that the relationship
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG11201909294X SG11201909294XA (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Pipe and device for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
JP2019554790A JP7034173B2 (ja) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | 炭化水素を熱分解するための管および装置 |
UAA201910948A UA125533C2 (uk) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Труба і пристрій для термічного розкладання вуглеводнів |
US16/500,595 US11220635B2 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Pipe and device for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
CN201880037971.XA CN110709159B (zh) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | 用于热裂解烃的管和装置 |
EA201992399A EA036486B1 (ru) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Труба и устройство для термического разложения углеводородов |
CA3058824A CA3058824A1 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Pipe and device for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
EP18721694.0A EP3606657A1 (de) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen |
KR1020197031253A KR102576003B1 (ko) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | 탄화 수소를 열적으로 분해하기 위한 파이프 및 디바이스 |
IL269775A IL269775B2 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Pipeline and device for thermal splitting of hydrocarbons |
BR112019020958-1A BR112019020958B1 (pt) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Tubo para craqueamento térmico de hidrocarbonetos na presença de vapor, aparelho e uso |
ZA2019/06467A ZA201906467B (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2019-10-01 | Pipe and device for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17000601.9 | 2017-04-07 | ||
DE102017003409.5A DE102017003409B4 (de) | 2017-04-07 | 2017-04-07 | Rohr und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spalten von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
DE102017003409.5 | 2017-04-07 | ||
EP17000601.9A EP3384981B1 (de) | 2017-04-07 | 2017-04-07 | Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen |
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WO2018185167A1 true WO2018185167A1 (de) | 2018-10-11 |
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PCT/EP2018/058615 WO2018185167A1 (de) | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-04 | Rohr und vorrichtung zum thermischen spalten von kohlenwasserstoffen |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11220635B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3606657A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7034173B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102576003B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110709159B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3058824A1 (de) |
CL (1) | CL2019002821A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL269775B2 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201909294XA (de) |
UA (1) | UA125533C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018185167A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA201906467B (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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JP6868146B1 (ja) * | 2020-06-29 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社クボタ | 流体撹拌要素を具える熱分解管 |
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DE102016012907A1 (de) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-04-26 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg | Tieflochbohrverfahren sowie Werkzeug für eine Tieflochbohrmaschine und Tieflochbohrmaschine |
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UA125533C2 (uk) | 2022-04-13 |
US20200190408A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
KR102576003B1 (ko) | 2023-09-07 |
SG11201909294XA (en) | 2019-11-28 |
EP3606657A1 (de) | 2020-02-12 |
CN110709159A (zh) | 2020-01-17 |
BR112019020958A2 (pt) | 2020-05-05 |
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CA3058824A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
IL269775B2 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
ZA201906467B (en) | 2020-07-29 |
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JP7034173B2 (ja) | 2022-03-11 |
JP2020520391A (ja) | 2020-07-09 |
US11220635B2 (en) | 2022-01-11 |
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CL2019002821A1 (es) | 2020-05-15 |
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