JP2020510015A - 4員ヘテロ環式アミドを含むjak阻害剤 - Google Patents
4員ヘテロ環式アミドを含むjak阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020510015A JP2020510015A JP2019548449A JP2019548449A JP2020510015A JP 2020510015 A JP2020510015 A JP 2020510015A JP 2019548449 A JP2019548449 A JP 2019548449A JP 2019548449 A JP2019548449 A JP 2019548449A JP 2020510015 A JP2020510015 A JP 2020510015A
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- ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(dimethyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)C(C)(C)C ILMRJRBKQSSXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003848 thrombocyte activating factor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003769 thromboxane A2 receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002992 thymic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LCJVIYPJPCBWKS-NXPQJCNCSA-N thymosin Chemical compound SC[C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O LCJVIYPJPCBWKS-NXPQJCNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010079996 thymosin beta(4) Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002877 time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940110309 tiotropium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001350 tofacitinib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UJLAWZDWDVHWOW-YPMHNXCESA-N tofacitinib Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CCN(C(=O)CC#N)C[C@@H]1N(C)C1=NC=NC2=C1C=CN2 UJLAWZDWDVHWOW-YPMHNXCESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005342 tranilast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NZHGWWWHIYHZNX-CSKARUKUSA-N tranilast Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O NZHGWWWHIYHZNX-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950009163 tridecactide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)C.C[Sn](C)C CCRMAATUKBYMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 102000003390 tumor necrosis factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035408 type 1 diabetes mellitus 1 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- IYFNEFQTYQPVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N udenafil Chemical compound C1=C(C=2NC=3C(CCC)=NN(C)C=3C(=O)N=2)C(OCCC)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NCCC1CCCN1C IYFNEFQTYQPVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000438 udenafil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004258 umeclidinium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004541 umeclidinium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PEJHHXHHNGORMP-AVADPIKZSA-M umeclidinium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C([C@@]12CC[N@@+](CCOCC=3C=CC=CC=3)(CC1)CC2)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PEJHHXHHNGORMP-AVADPIKZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004026 vilanterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KLOLZALDXGTNQE-JIDHJSLPSA-N vilanterol trifenate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C(O)C(CO)=CC([C@@H](O)CNCCCCCCOCCOCC=2C(=CC=CC=2Cl)Cl)=C1 KLOLZALDXGTNQE-JIDHJSLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005494 xerophthalmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960004764 zafirlukast Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
発明の分野
本発明は、JAKキナーゼ阻害剤として有用な化合物を対象にする。本発明は、そのような化合物を含む医薬組成物、そのような化合物を使用して呼吸器疾患を処置する方法、ならびにそのような化合物を調製するために有用なプロセスおよび中間体も対象にする。
喘息は、予防も治癒もない、気道の慢性疾患である。該疾患は、炎症、線維症、過敏応答性および気道のリモデリングを特徴とし、これらはすべて、気流制限に寄与する。世界中で推定3億人が喘息に罹患しており、喘息を持つ人々の数は、2025年までに1億人超増加するであろうと推定される。アメリカ合衆国において、喘息は、人口の約6%から8%を悩ませ、該国における最も一般的な慢性疾患の1つとなっている。ほとんどの患者は、ロイコトリエン修飾因子および/または長時間作用型ベータアゴニストと組み合わせられてよい吸入コルチコステロイドの使用により、喘息症状の制御を実現することができるが、疾患が従来の療法によって制御されない重症喘息を持つ患者のサブセットが残る。重症持続型喘息は、高用量の吸入コルチコステロイドで制御されないままである疾患として定義される。重症喘息は、全喘息罹患者のおよそ5%を占めると推定されるが、罹患率および死亡率の高いリスクを有し、喘息の中での医療資源利用の不均衡な配分の原因である。これらの患者を処置するための新規療法が依然として必要である。
R1は、水素、C1〜3アルキルおよびC3〜6シクロアルキルから選択され、Xは、−C(O)R2であり、
ここで、
R2は、−NR13R14であり、ここで、
R13およびR14は、それらが結合した窒素原子と一緒になって、4員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、ここで、ヘテロシクリルは、−NR5R6およびR7で必要に応じて置換されており、
R5およびR6は、独立して、C1〜3アルキルであるか、あるいはR5およびR6は、それらが結合した窒素原子と一緒になって、酸素原子を必要に応じて含む5または6員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R7は、1個の窒素原子を含む5または6員ヘテロシクリルで必要に応じて置換されているC1〜3アルキルである]
またはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する。
数ある態様の中でも、本発明は、式(I)のJAKキナーゼ阻害剤、その薬学的に許容される塩、およびそれらの調製のための中間体を提供する。下記の置換基および値は、本発明の種々の態様の代表例を提供することが意図されている。これらの代表的な値は、そのような態様をさらに定義することが意図されており、他の値を除外することも本発明の範囲を限定することも意図されていない。
である。
である。
R1は、C1〜3アルキルであり、
R2は、
R5およびR6は、独立して、C1〜3アルキルであるか、またはR5およびR6は、一緒になって、−(CH2)4〜5−を形成し、R7は、水素またはC1〜3アルキルである]
またはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する。
R2は、
R5およびR6は、いずれもメチルであるか、またはR5およびR6は、一緒になって、−(CH2)5−を形成し、R7は、水素またはメチルである]
である。
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−イソプロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
およびその薬学的に許容される塩から選択される化合物を提供する。
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−イソプロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、および
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
から選択される化合物を提供する。
その種々の態様および実施形態を含む本発明について記述する場合、下記の用語は、別段の指示がない限り、下記の意味を有する。
多数の保護基ならびにそれらの導入および除去は、T. W. GreeneおよびP.G.M. Wuts、Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis、第3版、Wiley、New Yorkにおいて記述されている。
本発明の化合物およびその中間体は、下記の一般的方法および手順に従い、市販されているまたは慣用的に調製される出発材料および試薬を使用して調製することができる。下記のスキームにおいて使用される置換基および変数(例えば、R1、R2等)は、別段の指示がない限り、本明細書の他の箇所で定義されているものと同じ意味を有する。加えて、酸性または塩基性の原子または官能基を有する化合物は、別段の指示がない限り、塩として使用されてよいか、または生成されてよい(一部の事例において、特定の反応における塩の使用は、反応を行う前に、慣用的手順を使用して、塩の、非塩形態、例えば遊離塩基への変換を必要とすることになる)。
スキーム1
スキーム2
本発明の化合物およびその薬学的に許容される塩は、典型的には、医薬組成物または製剤の形態で使用される。そのような医薬組成物は、有利にも、吸入によって患者に投与されてよい。加えて、医薬組成物は、経口、経直腸、鼻腔、局所(経皮を含む)および非経口投与モードを含むがこれらに限定されない、任意の許容される投与経路によって投与されてよい。
微粉化した式(I)の化合物(1g)を、粉砕ラクトース(25g)と混和する。次いで、この混和された混合物を、剥離可能なブリスターパックの個々のブリスターに、用量当たり約0.1mgから約4mgの間の式Iの化合物を提供するために十分な量で充填する。乾燥粉末吸入器を使用して、ブリスターの内容物を投与する。
微粉化した式(I)の化合物(1g)を、粉砕ラクトース(20g)と混和して、化合物の粉砕ラクトースに対する1:20の重量比を有するバルク組成物を形成する。混和された組成物を、用量当たり約0.1mgから約4mgの間の式Iの化合物を送達することができる乾燥粉末吸入デバイスに詰める。
レシチン(0.2g)を脱塩水(200mL)に溶解することによって調製された溶液に、微粉化した式(I)の化合物(10g)を分散させる。得られた懸濁液をスプレードライし、次いで、微粉化して、約1.5μm未満の平均直径を有する粒子を含む微粉化された組成物を形成する。次いで、微粉化された組成物を、定量吸入器によって投与された場合に用量当たり約0.1mgから約4mgの式Iの化合物を提供するために十分な量で、加圧した1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタンを含有する定量吸入器カートリッジに充填する。
式(I)の化合物(25mg)を、1.5〜2.5当量の塩酸を含有する溶液に溶解し、続いて、pHを3.5から5.5に調整するための水酸化ナトリウムおよび3重量%のグリセロールを添加する。すべての成分が溶解するまで、溶液をよく撹拌する。用量当たり約0.1mgから約4mgの式Iの化合物を提供するネブライザーデバイスを使用して、溶液を投与する。
本発明のJAK阻害剤は、呼吸器官の炎症性および線維性疾患の処置のために設計された。特に、化合物は、全身曝露を制限しながら、肺の呼吸器疾患における作用部位への強力な抗サイトカイン剤の直接的送達を可能にするように設計された。
本開示の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、疾患を処置するために同じ機序によってまたは異なる機序によって作用する1つまたは複数の作用物質と組み合わせて使用してよい。異なる作用物質を、順次にまたは同時に、別個の組成物でまたは同じ組成物で投与してよい。併用療法のための作用物質の有用なクラスは、ベータ2アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、ムスカリン性受容体アンタゴニスト、グルココルチコイドアゴニスト、Gタンパク質共役受容体−44アンタゴニスト、ロイコトリエンD4アンタゴニスト、ムスカリン性M3受容体アンタゴニスト、ヒスタミンH1受容体アンタゴニスト、免疫グロブリンEアンタゴニスト、PDE4阻害剤、IL−4アンタゴニスト、ムスカリン性M1受容体アンタゴニスト、ヒスタミン受容体アンタゴニスト、IL−13アンタゴニスト、IL−5アンタゴニスト、5−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤、ベータアドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、CCR3ケモカインアンタゴニスト、CFTR刺激剤、免疫グロブリン変調剤、インターロイキン33リガンド阻害剤、PDE3阻害剤、ホスホイノシチド−3キナーゼデルタ阻害剤、トロンボキサンA2アンタゴニスト、エラスターゼ阻害剤、Kitチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、ロイコトリエンE4アンタゴニスト、ロイコトリエンアンタゴニスト、PGD2アンタゴニスト、TNFアルファリガンド阻害剤、TNF結合剤、補体カスケード阻害剤、エオタキシンリガンド阻害剤、グルタチオンレダクターゼ阻害剤、ヒスタミンH4受容体アンタゴニスト、IL−6アンタゴニスト、IL2遺伝子刺激剤、免疫グロブリンガンマFc受容体IIB変調剤、インターフェロンガンマリガンド、インターロイキン13リガンド阻害剤、インターロイキン17リガンド阻害剤、L−セレクチンアンタゴニスト、白血球エラスターゼ阻害剤、ロイコトリエンC4アンタゴニスト、ロイコトリエンC4シンターゼ阻害剤、膜銅アミンオキシダーゼ阻害剤、メタロプロテアーゼ−12阻害剤、メタロプロテアーゼ−9阻害剤、ダニアレルゲン変調剤、ムスカリン性受容体変調剤、ニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体アゴニスト、核内因子カッパB阻害剤、p−セレクチンアンタゴニスト、PDE5阻害剤、PDGF受容体アンタゴニスト、ホスホイノシチド−3キナーゼガンマ阻害剤、TLR−7アゴニスト、TNFアンタゴニスト、Ablチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、アセチルコリン受容体アンタゴニスト、酸性哺乳類キチナーゼ阻害剤、ACTH受容体アゴニスト、アクチン重合変調剤、アデノシンA1受容体アンタゴニスト、アデニル酸シクラーゼ刺激剤、アドレナリン受容体アンタゴニスト、副腎皮質刺激(adrenocorticotrophic)ホルモンリガンド、アルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ5阻害剤、アルファ1アンチトリプシン刺激剤、アルファ1プロテイナーゼ阻害剤、アンドロゲン受容体変調剤、アンジオテンシン変換酵素2刺激剤、ANPアゴニスト、Bcrタンパク質阻害剤、ベータ1アドレナリン受容体アンタゴニスト、ベータ2アドレナリン受容体アンタゴニスト、ベータ2アドレナリン受容体変調剤、ベータアミロイド変調剤、BMP10遺伝子阻害剤、BMP15遺伝子阻害剤、カルシウムチャネル阻害剤、カテプシンG阻害剤、CCL26遺伝子阻害剤、CCR3ケモカイン変調剤、CCR4ケモカインアンタゴニスト、細胞接着分子阻害剤、シャペロニン刺激剤、キチナーゼ阻害剤、コラーゲンIアンタゴニスト、補体C3阻害剤、CSF−1アンタゴニスト、CXCR2ケモカインアンタゴニスト、サイトカイン受容体共通ベータ鎖変調剤、細胞毒性Tリンパ球タンパク質−4刺激剤、デオキシリボヌクレアーゼI刺激剤、デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ刺激剤、ジペプチジルペプチダーゼI阻害剤、DNAジャイレース阻害剤、DPプロスタノイド受容体変調剤、E−セレクチンアンタゴニスト、EGFRファミリーチロシンキナーゼ受容体阻害剤、エラスチン変調剤、エンドセリンET−Aアンタゴニスト、エンドセリンET−Bアンタゴニスト、エポキシドヒドロラーゼ阻害剤、FGF3受容体アンタゴニスト、Fynチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、GATA3転写因子阻害剤、グルコシルセラミダーゼ変調剤、グルタメート受容体変調剤、GM−CSFリガンド阻害剤、グアニル酸シクラーゼ刺激剤、H+K+ATPアーゼ阻害剤、ヘモグロビン変調剤、ヘパリンアゴニスト、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ阻害剤、ヒストンデアセチラーゼ−2刺激剤、HMG CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤、I−カッパBキナーゼベータ阻害剤、ICAM1遺伝子阻害剤、IL−17アンタゴニスト、IL−17受容体変調剤、IL−23アンタゴニスト、IL−4受容体変調剤、免疫グロブリンG変調剤、免疫グロブリンG1アゴニスト、免疫グロブリンG1変調剤、免疫グロブリンイプシロンFc受容体IAアンタゴニスト、免疫グロブリンガンマFc受容体IIBアンタゴニスト、免疫グロブリンカッパ変調剤、インスリン増感剤、インターフェロンベータリガンド、インターロイキン1様受容体アンタゴニスト、インターロイキン18リガンド阻害剤、インターロイキン受容体17Aアンタゴニスト、インターロイキン−1ベータリガンド阻害剤、インターロイキン−5リガンド阻害剤、インターロイキン−6リガンド阻害剤、KCNA電位開口型カリウムチャネル−3阻害剤、Kitリガンド阻害剤、ラミニン−5アゴニスト、ロイコトリエンCysLT1受容体アンタゴニスト、ロイコトリエンCysLT2受容体アンタゴニスト、LOXL2遺伝子阻害剤、Lynチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、MARCKSタンパク質阻害剤、MDR関連タンパク質4阻害剤、メタロプロテアーゼ−2変調剤、メタロプロテアーゼ−9変調剤、ミネラルコルチコイド受容体アンタゴニスト、ムスカリン性M2受容体アンタゴニスト、ムスカリン性M4受容体アンタゴニスト、ムスカリン性M5受容体アンタゴニスト、ナトリウム利尿ペプチド受容体Aアゴニスト、ナチュラルキラー細胞受容体変調剤、ニコチン性ACh受容体アルファ7サブユニット刺激剤、NK細胞受容体変調剤、核内因子カッパB変調剤、オピオイド増殖因子受容体アゴニスト、P−糖タンパク質阻害剤、P2X3プリン受容体アンタゴニスト、p38MAPキナーゼ阻害剤、ペプチダーゼ1変調剤、ホスホリパーゼA2阻害剤、ホスホリパーゼC阻害剤、プラスミノーゲンアクチベーター阻害剤1阻害剤、血小板活性化因子受容体アンタゴニスト、PPARガンマアゴニスト、プロスタサイクリンアゴニスト、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、SH2ドメインイノシトールホスファターゼ1刺激剤、シグナル変換阻害剤、ナトリウムチャネル阻害剤、STAT−3変調剤、幹細胞抗原−1阻害剤、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ変調剤、T細胞表面糖タンパク質CD28阻害剤、T細胞表面糖タンパク質CD8阻害剤、TGFベータアゴニスト、TGFベータアンタゴニスト、トロンボキサンシンテターゼ阻害剤、胸腺間質性リンパ球新生因子(lymphoprotein)リガンド阻害剤、チモシンアゴニスト、チモシンベータ4リガンド、TLR−8アゴニスト、TLR−9アゴニスト、TLR9遺伝子刺激剤、トポイソメラーゼIV阻害剤、トロポニンI速骨格筋刺激剤、トロポニンT速骨格筋刺激剤、I型IL−1受容体アンタゴニスト、II型TNF受容体変調剤、イオンチャネル変調剤、ウテログロビン刺激剤およびVIPアゴニストを含むがこれらに限定されない。
ACN=アセトニトリル
DCM=ジクロロメタン
DIPEA=N,N−ジイソプロピルエチルアミン
DMF=N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド
EtOAc=酢酸エチル
h=時間
HATU=N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチル−O−(7−アザベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)ウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート
IPA=イソプロピルアルコール
IPAc=酢酸イソプロピル
MeOH=メタノール
min=分
Pd(PPh3)4=テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)
RT=室温
TFA=トリフルオロ酢酸
THF=テトラヒドロフラン
ビス(ピナコラト)ジボロン=4,4,5,5,4’,4’,5’,5’−オクタメチル−[2,2’]ビ[[1,3,2]ジオキサボロラニル]
カラム:C18、5μm。21.2×150mmまたはC18、5μm 21×250またはC14、5μm 21×150mm
カラム温度:室温
流量:20.0mL/分
移動相:A=水+0.05%TFA
B=ACN+0.05%TFA、
注入体積:(100〜1500μL)
検出器波長:214nm
ACN(250mL)中の4−ブロモ−5−エチル−2−フルオロフェノール(20)(20g、910.32mmol)の溶液に、K2CO3(31.55g、228.3mmol)、続いて、臭化ベンジル(13.10mL、109.58mmol)を滴下添加した。得られた反応混合物を80℃で2時間にわたって撹拌した。水層をEtOAcで抽出し(3回)、合わせ、ブラインで洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で蒸発させて、表題中間体を淡黄色の油性液体(25g、89%収率)として生じさせた。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 7.48 - 7.30 (m, 5H), 7.27 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 2.66 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H).
ジオキサン(100mL)中の前のステップの生成物(21)(12.5g、40.45mmol)の溶液に、ビス(ピナコラト)ジボロン(15.40g、60.67mmol)およびKOAc(11.9g、121.35mmol)を添加した。反応混合物を、窒素で15分間にわたってパージし、続いて、[1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)フェロセン]ジクロロパラジウム(II),ジクロロメタンとの複合体(1.65g、2.023mmol)を添加した。得られた反応混合物を撹拌し、110℃で3時間にわたって加熱し、セライトに通して濾過し、残留物をEtOAcで洗浄した。濾液を過剰なEtOAc(200mL)で希釈し、水(100mL)、続いてブライン(100mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、真空で濃縮して、粗生成物を得て、これを、(100〜200)シリカゲルでのカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、3〜5%EtOAc:ヘキサンで溶離して、所望生成物をオフホワイトの固体(9.50g、66%収率)として生じさせた。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 7.54 - 7.27 (m, 6H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (s, 2H), 2.84 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (s, 12H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H).
DMF:H2O(480:120mL)中の6−ブロモ−1−(テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−2−イル)−1H−インダゾール(10)(50g、178.57mmol)および2−(4−(ベンジルオキシ)−2−エチル−5−フルオロフェニル)−4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン(9)(76.3g、214.29mmol)の溶液に、K3PO4(94.64g、446.86mmol)を添加した。反応混合物を窒素で15分間にわたって脱気し、次いで、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2触媒(6.26g、8.93mmol)を添加し、混合物を窒素で5分間にわたって再度脱気し、撹拌し、100〜110℃で5時間にわたって加熱した。反応混合物をセライトに通して濾過し、残留物をEtOAcで洗浄した。濾液をEtOAcで希釈し、冷水およびブラインで洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、真空で濃縮して、粗生成物を提供し、これを、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、表題中間体を白色固体(65g、86%収率)として生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C27H27FN2O2の計算値431.21、実測値431.46。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 8.06 - 7.98 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.32 (m, 5H), 7.08 (dd, J = 809.6, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 11.9 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.76 - 5.64 (m, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.04 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (t, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.22 - 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.80 - 1.71 (m, 3H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H).
メタノール(700mL)中の前のステップの生成物(22)(65g、151.16mmol)の溶液に、濃HCl(120mL)を添加し、得られた溶液を60〜65℃で3時間にわたって加熱し、室温に冷却し、真空で濃縮した。残留物をEtOAcに溶解し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液および水で洗浄した。有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、真空で濃縮して、表題中間体を白色固体(52g、99%(粗製物))として生じさせた。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.30 (m, 6H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 2.53 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.05 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H).
DMF(400mL)中の6−(4−(ベンジルオキシ)−2−エチル−5−フルオロフェニル)−1H−インダゾール(23)(56g、161.18mmol)の溶液に、KOH(36.2g、647.39mmol)を添加し、混合物を5分間にわたって撹拌した。DMF(100mL)中のヨウ素(82.2g、323.69mmol)の溶液を0℃でゆっくりと添加し、室温で30分間にわたって撹拌し、水(3×150mL)で希釈し、EtOAc(3×200mL)で抽出した。有機層を飽和メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(3×200mL)および水(400mL)で洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮して、粗生成物を得て、これを、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して、表題中間体を帯褐色半固体(64g、84%収率)として生じさせた。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 10.49 (s, 1H), 7.57 - 7.32 (m, 7H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 - 6.91 (m, 2H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 2.51 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.04 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H).
DCM(700mL)中の前のステップの生成物(24)(60g、127.12mmol)の氷冷溶液に、p−トルエンスルホン酸(p-toluensulfonic acid)(4.84g、25.423mmol)、続いて、3,4−ジヒドロ−2H−ピラン(17.43mL、190.68mmol)を滴下添加した。反応混合物を室温で終夜撹拌し、DCMで希釈し、飽和NaHCO3水溶液およびブラインで洗浄した。有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮して、粗生成物を提供し、これをフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル)によって精製して、表題中間体をオフホワイトの固体(64g、91%収率)として生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C27H26FIN2O2の計算値557.10、実測値557.30。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 7.56 - 7.31 (m, 7H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.08 - 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.77 - 3.64 (m, 1H), 2.50 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23 - 1.97 (m, 3H), 1.81 - 1.68 (m, 3H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H).
トルエン(150mL)中の6−(4−(ベンジルオキシ)−2−エチル−5−フルオロフェニル)−3−ヨード−1−(テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−2−イル)−1H−インダゾール(25)(20g、35.97mmol)の溶液に、ヘキサメチルジスズ(9.2mL、43.17mmol)を添加した。反応混合物を窒素で20分間にわたって脱気し、続いて、テトラキス(2.0g、1.80mmol)を添加し、次いで、100℃で2時間にわたって撹拌し、室温に冷却し、セライトに通して濾過し、残留物をEtOAcで洗浄した。濾液を濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィー(中性アルミナ)によって精製し、2〜5%EtOAc:ヘキサンで溶離して、表題化合物(17.50g、82%収率)を生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C27H26FIN2O2の計算値557.10、実測値557.30。(m/z):[M+H]+C30H35FN2O2Snの計算値595.17、593.17、実測値595.49、593.55。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57 - 7.29 (m, 6H), 7.13 - 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.81 - 5.68 (m, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 4.13 - 4.00 (m, 1H), 3.81 - 3.66 (m, 1H), 2.54 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.23 - 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.87 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.47 (s, 9H).
水(420mL)中のL−ヒスチジン(26)(50g、322.24mmol)の撹拌懸濁液に、濃HCl(29mL)を0℃で滴下添加し、続いて、ホルムアルデヒド(55mL、676.72mmol)を0℃で一度に添加した。得られた反応混合物を30分間にわたって撹拌し、次いで、75℃で6時間にわたって加熱し、濃縮した。得られた粗製物をジエチルエーテルとともに2時間にわたって撹拌し、濾過し、IPA:THF(100:300mL)で洗浄して、表題中間体のHCl塩をオフホワイトの固体(75g 99%収率(粗製物))として提供した。(m/z):[M+H]+C7H9N3O2の計算値168.07、実測値168.17。
メタノール(1500mL)中の前のステップの生成物(11)(75.0g、312.5mmol)の撹拌溶液に、SOCl2(45.6mL、625mmol)を0℃で滴下添加し、室温で16時間にわたって撹拌し、次いで、1時間にわたって還流状態まで加熱した(70℃)。溶媒を蒸留によって除去し、粗生成物を、メタノール、続いて、ジエチルエーテルで磨砕して、表題中間体の粗HCl塩をオフホワイトの固体(80g粗製物)として提供した。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 4.71 (dd, J = 9.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.44 - 3.21 (m, 2H).
メタノール(1000mL)中の前のステップの生成物(27)(80.0g、314.96mmol)の撹拌溶液に、DIPEA(282mL、1574mmol)、続いて、二炭酸ジ−tert−ブチル(172mL、787.48mmol)を0℃で添加した。反応混合物を室温で16時間にわたって撹拌し、次いで、液体NH3(150mL、水中25%)を添加し、反応混合物を室温で16時間にわたって再度撹拌し、メタノールを蒸留によって除去し、残留物をDCM(3×200mL)中で抽出した。合わせた有機抽出物を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、濃縮し、フラッシュクロマトグラフィー(100〜200メッシュシリカゲル)によって精製し、5%MeOH:DCMで溶離して、表題中間体(41g、46%収率)を生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C13H19N3O4の計算値282.14、実測値282.21。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 5.18 (dd, J = 49.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 14.2 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (dd, J = 43.9, 16.1 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.08 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (d, J = 15.1 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H).
THF(500mL)中の前のステップの生成物(29)(41.0g、145.9mmol)の溶液に、N−ヨードスクシンイミド(66.0g、291.8mmol)を0℃で添加し、得られた溶液を室温で4時間にわたって撹拌し、水で希釈し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機部分を10%チオ硫酸ナトリウム溶液(3×200mL)で洗浄した。合わせた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮して、表題化合物60g(粗製物)を提供し、これを、さらに精製することなく次のステップにおいて使用した。(m/z):[M+H]+C13H18IN3O4の計算値408.03、実測値408.31。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.48 (s, 1H), 5.34 - 4.97 (m, 1H), 4.67 - 4.35 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.14 - 2.82 (m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H).
DMF(150mL)中の5−(tert−ブチル)6−メチル(S)−2−ヨード−3,4,6,7−テトラヒドロ−5H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−5,6−ジカルボキシレート(29)(40g、0.098mol)の撹拌溶液に、DIPEA(35.1mL、0.19mol)を0℃で添加した。反応混合物を10分間にわたって撹拌し、次いで、2−(トリメチルシリル)−エトキシメチルクロリド(19.1mL、0.10mol)を0℃で滴下添加した。得られた反応混合物を室温で3時間にわたって撹拌した。4時間後、冷やした水を添加し、反応混合物をEtOAc(2×200mL)で抽出した。有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮し、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、20〜35%EtOAc:ヘキサンで溶離して、表題生成物を淡黄色の粘性液体(27g)として生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C19H32IN3O5Siの計算値538.12、実測値538.42。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.33 - 5.04 (m, 3H), 4.79 - 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.54 - 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.47 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.31 - 3.16 (m, 1H), 2.97 (t, J = 18.9 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 0.92 - 0.74 (m, 2H), -0.03 (s, 9H).
トルエン(500mL)中の5−(tert−ブチル)6−メチル(S)−2−ヨード−3−((2−トリメチルシリル)エトキシ)メチル)−3,4,6,7−テトラヒドロ−5H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−5,6−ジカルボキシレート(4’)(17.0g、31.65mmol)の撹拌溶液に、6−(4−(ベンジルオキシ)−2−エチル−5−フルオロフェニル)−1−(テトラヒドロ−2H−ピラン−2−イル)−3−(トリメチルスタンニル)−1H−インダゾール(3’)(20g、34.82mmol)を添加した。反応混合物をアルゴンで15分間にわたってパージし、Pd(PPh3)4(3.6g、3.16mmol)およびヨウ化銅(1.20g、6.33mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を120℃で16時間にわたって撹拌した。反応混合物をセライトに通して濾過し、濾液を減圧下で濃縮し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(レディセップ80gカラム)によって精製し、DCMで10分間にわたって、次いで、ヘキサン中15〜20%EtOAcで溶離して、表題中間体を黄色固体(15.10g、58%収率)として生じさせた。(m/z):[M+H]+C46H58FN5O7Siの計算値840.41、実測値840.54。1H NMR (400 MHz, クロロホルム-d) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.54 - 7.33 (m, 6H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.09 - 5.69 (m, 3H), 5.59 - 5.36 (m, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.97 - 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.57 - 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.40 (d, 1H), 3.21 - 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.74 - 2.34 (m, 4H), 2.25 - 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.94 - 1.65 (m, 4H), 1.54 (s, 9H), 1.12 - 0.99 (m, 3H), 0.91 - 0.75 (m, 2H), -0.12 (s, 9H).
丸底フラスコに、トルエン(400mL)中の前のステップの生成物(5’)(15.0g、17.85mmol)、ベンジルアルコール(46.3mL)およびTi(OEt)4(7.15mL、35.70mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を48時間にわたって激しく還流させ(140℃)、水で希釈し、DCMで抽出した。懸濁液を濾過し、濾液をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、減圧下で濃縮し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(レディセップ80gカラム、ヘキサン中0〜5%EtOAc)によって20分間にわたって精製して、過剰なベンジルアルコールを除去し、次いで、ヘキサン中10〜15%EtOAcで溶離して、表題中間体を提供した。1H NMRは構造と一致している。(m/z):[M+H]+C52H62FN5O7Siの計算値916.44、実測値916.86。
1:1 IPA:THF(400mL)中の前のステップの生成物(6’)(21.0g、22.92mmol)の撹拌溶液に、Pd(OH)2(5.0g)を添加した。反応混合物を、水素バルーン下、室温で16時間にわたって撹拌し、セライトに通して濾過し、減圧下で濃縮し、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(レディセップ80gカラム、ヘキサン中25〜40%EtOAcで溶離)によって精製して、表題化合物(6.1g、8.29mmol)をオフホワイトの固体として提供した。(m/z):[M+H]+C38H50FN5O7Siの計算値736.35、実測値736.5。1H NMRは構造と一致している。(m/z):[M+H]+C38H50FN5O7Siの計算値736.35、実測値736.5。1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.94 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.11 - 5.77 (m, 3H), 5.33 - 5.06 (m, 1H), 4.87 - 4.56 (m, 1H), 4.52 - 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.97 - 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.53 - 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.23 - 3.11 (m, 1H), 3.11 - 2.93 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.44 (m, 2H), 2.13 - 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.68 (d, J = 70.9 Hz, 4H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.02 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.86 - 0.68 (m, 2H), -0.17 (s, 9H).
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−イソプロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(5−エチル−2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(5−エチル−2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
(S)−(5−エチル−2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)(3−(ピペリジン−1−イル)アゼチジン−1−イル)メタノン,2TFA
本発明の化合物を、下記の生物学的アッセイのうちの1つまたは複数において特徴付けた。
4つのランサスクリーンJAK生化学的アッセイ(JAK1、2、3およびTyk2)のパネルを、共通のキナーゼ反応緩衝液(50mM HEPES、pH7.5、0.01%Brij−35、10mM MgCl2および1mM EGTA)中で行った。組換えGSTタグ付きJAK酵素およびGFPタグ付きSTAT1ペプチド基質を、Life Technologiesから入手した。
アルファスクリーンJAKI細胞効力アッセイを、BEAS−2Bヒト肺上皮細胞(ATCC)におけるインターロイキン−13(IL−13、R&D Systems)誘発性STAT6リン酸化を測定することによって行った。抗STAT6抗体(Cell Signaling Technologies)を、アルファスクリーンアクセプタービーズ(Perkin Elmer)とコンジュゲートさせたのに対し、抗pSTAT6(pTyr641)抗体(Cell Signaling Technologies)を、EZ−リンクスルホ−NHS−ビオチン(Thermo Scientific)を使用してビオチン化した。
本発明の選択化合物を、4つのJAK酵素アッセイ;JAK1、JAK2、JAK3およびTyk2、ならびに上述したBEAS−2B細胞効力アッセイにおいて試験した。以下の表19に示されている通り、JAK1酵素効力は、BEAS−2Bアッセイにおいて汎JAK酵素活性および細胞効力の両方を予測するものであることが観察された。したがって、作製された化合物すべてを、JAK1酵素アッセイおよびBEAS−2B細胞アッセイにおいて試験し、大多数をJAK3酵素アッセイにおいても試験した。化合物のすべてが、0.04nMから0.6nMの間のJAK1 Ki値(9.2から10.4の間のpKi)を呈した。JAK3酵素アッセイにおいて試験した化合物は、0.08nMから0.5nMの間のKi値(9.3から10.1の間のpKi)を呈した。試験した化合物は、BEAS−2Bアッセイにおいて、3nMから100nMの間のIC50値(7から8.5の間のpIC50)を呈した。
試験化合物の血漿および肺レベルならびにそれらの比を、下記の様式で決定した。Charles River Laboratories製のBALB/cマウスをアッセイにおいて使用した。試験化合物を、pH4クエン酸緩衝液中の20%プロピレングリコール中、0.2mg/mLの濃度で個々に製剤化し、50μLの投薬溶液を、経口吸引によってマウスの気管に導入した。投薬後種々の時点(典型的には、0.167、2、6、24時間)で、心臓穿刺を介して血液試料を取り出し、無傷の肺をマウスから切除した。血液試料を、およそ12,000rpmにて4℃で4分間にわたって遠心分離(Eppendorf遠心分離、5804R)して、血漿を収集した。肺をパッドで乾燥させ(padded dry)、秤量し、滅菌水中1:3の希釈で均質化した。試験化合物の血漿および肺レベルを、試験マトリックスにおいて標準曲線に構築された分析標準に対するLC−MS分析によって決定した。肺の血漿に対する比を、肺AUC(単位μg時/g)の血漿AUC(単位μg時/mL)に対する比として決定し、ここで、AUCは、試験化合物濃度対時間の曲線下面積として慣例的に定義される。本発明の化合物は、マウスの血漿における曝露よりも1から2桁大きい、肺における曝露を呈した。このアッセイにおいてプロファイルされた化合物のすべてが、約4.5から約14時間の間の半減期を呈した。
Il−13は、喘息の病態生理学の根本にある重要なサイトカインである(Kudlaczら、Eur. J. Pharmacol、2008年、582巻、154〜161頁)。IL−13は、細胞表面受容体と結合して、キナーゼのヤヌスファミリー(JAK)のメンバーを活性化させ、次いでこれが、STAT6をリン酸化し、その後、さらなる転写経路を活性化する。記述されているモデルにおいて、ある用量のIL−13を、マウスの肺に局所的に送達してSTAT6のリン酸化(pSTAT6)を誘発した。次いでこれを終点として測定する。
本発明の選択化合物を、薬物動態アッセイ(アッセイ3)および薬力学的アッセイ(アッセイ4)の両方において特徴付けた。投薬後同様の時点での薬物動態アッセイおよび薬力学的アッセイにおいて決定された肺内の試験化合物濃度間には、良好な相関関係が観察された。薬力学的アッセイにおけるマウス肺内の有意な化合物濃度の観察により、IL−13誘発性pSTAT6誘導の観察された阻害が、試験化合物の活性の結果であることを確認した。
気道好酸球増加症は、ヒト喘息の特質である。Alternaria alternataは、ヒトにおいて喘息を増悪させることができる真菌エアロアレルゲンであり、マウスの肺において好酸球性炎症を誘発する(Havauxら、Clin Exp Immunol.、2005年2月;139巻(2号):179〜88頁)。マウスにおいて、alternariaは、肺における組織常在性2型自然リンパ球細胞を間接的に活性化し、これが(例えば、IL−2およびIL−7)に応答して、JAK依存性サイトカイン(例えば、IL−5およびIL−13)を放出し、好酸球性炎症と協調することが実証されている(Bartemesら、J Immunol.、2012年2月1日;188巻(3号):1503〜13頁)。
試験した化合物はすべて、alternaria誘発性BALF好酸球の広範な阻害(73%〜93%)を実証した。下記の表は、好酸球誘導のビヒクル処置したalternaria負荷レベルの統計的に有意な最大パーセント阻害を反映している。
IL−5媒介性好酸球生存についての試験化合物の効力を、ヒト全血(AllCells)から単離されたヒト好酸球中で測定した。IL−5はJAKを介してシグナル伝達することから、このアッセイは、JAK細胞効力の尺度を提供する。
EpiAirway組織培養物を、Mattek(AIR−100)から入手した。培養物は、喘息ドナーに由来するものであった。細胞培養物インサートにおいて、ヒト由来気管/気管支上皮細胞を増殖させ、多孔膜支持体上で分化させて、細胞の下に温められた培養培地および上に気体試験雰囲気を持つ気液界面を可能にした。組織を、37℃、5%CO2加湿インキュベーター内、維持培地(Mattek、AIR−100−MM)中で培養した。4人のドナーを試験した。0日目、組織培養物を、10μM、1μMおよび/または0.1μMの試験化合物で処理した。化合物を、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、Sigma)中で0.1%の最終濃度に希釈した。0.1%のDMSOをビヒクル対照として使用した。試験化合物を、培養物とともに、37℃、5%CO2で1時間にわたってインキュベートし、続いて、IFNγ(R&D Systems)またはIL−27(R&D Systems)を含有する予め温めておいた培地を、100ng/mlの最終濃度で添加した。組織培養物を8日間にわたって維持した。培地を、2日ごとに、化合物およびIFNγまたはIL−27を含有する新鮮培地で置きかえた。8日目、組織培養物および上清を分析のために採取した。ルミネックス分析(EMD Millipore)を使用して、上清試料をCXCL10(IP−10)およびCXCL9(MIG)についてアッセイした。データは、%阻害+/−標準偏差(±STDV)として表現される。パーセント阻害を、ビヒクル処理細胞と比較したIFNγまたはIL−27誘発性CXCL10またはCXCL9分泌に対する化合物阻害効力によって決定した。データは、3または4人のドナーからの平均である。実施例2の化合物は、ビヒクル対照と比較した場合、101%±2.0(10μMで)、65%±29(μMで)および6%±11(0.1μMで)だけ、IFNγ誘発性CXCL10分泌を阻害することができた。実施例2の化合物は、ビヒクルと比較した場合、93%±13(10μMで)および24%±49(1μMで)だけ、IFNγ誘発性CXCL9分泌を阻害することができた。実施例2の化合物は、ビヒクル対照と比較した場合、108%±11(10μMで)、101%±6(1μMで)および69%±10(0.1μMで)だけ、IL−27誘発性CXCL10分泌を阻害することができた。実施例2の化合物は、ビヒクル対照と比較した場合、100%±0(10μMで)、97%±3.6(1μMで)および57%±28(0.1μMで)だけ、IL−27誘発性CXCL9分泌を阻害することができた。
インターロイキン−2(IL−2)/抗CD3刺激インターフェロンガンマ(IFNγ)の阻害についての試験化合物の効力を、ヒト全血(Stanford Blood Center)から単離したヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)において測定した。IL−2はJAKを介してシグナル伝達することから、このアッセイは、JAK細胞効力の尺度を提供する。
インターロイキン−2(IL−2)/抗CD3刺激STAT5リン酸化の阻害についての試験化合物の効力を、ヒト全血(Stanford Blood Center)から単離したヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)中のCD4陽性(CD4+)T細胞において、フローサイトメトリーを使用して測定した。IL−2はJAKを介してシグナル伝達することから、このアッセイは、JAK細胞効力の尺度を提供する。
インターロイキン−4(IL−4)刺激STAT6リン酸化の阻害についての試験化合物の効力を、ヒト全血(Stanford Blood Center)から単離したヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)中のCD3陽性(CD3+)T細胞において、フローサイトメトリーを使用して測定した。IL−4はJAKを介してシグナル伝達することから、このアッセイは、JAK細胞効力の尺度を提供する。
アッセイ10のものに類似するプロトコールを使用して、インターロイキン−6(interleuken-6)(IL−6)刺激STAT3リン酸化の阻害についての試験化合物の効力を決定した。アレクサフルオル647コンジュゲート抗pSTAT3抗体(pY705、クローン4/P、BD Biosciences)を使用して、STAT3リン酸化を検出した。
ヒトJAK1と結合している実施例2の化合物の共結晶構造を、2.28Åの分解能で取得した。リガンドは、ATP結合部位において結合することが観察された。ドナーおよびアクセプター原子間の3.5Åまたはそれ未満の距離に基づき、7つの特異的な水素結合相互作用を同定した。特に留意すべきは、実施例2の化合物の環外アミドのカルボニルとJAK1のArg879の側鎖との間で水素結合相互作用が同定されたことである。初期のモデリング研究において、この相互作用は、他のチロシンキナーゼよりもJAK1に対して選択性を提供する手法として提案されていたが、そうでなければ、密接に関連しているキナーゼ(例えば、TRKA、VEGFR、ABL1)は、同等の場所においてアルギニン残留物を保有しなかった。結晶構造における水素結合相互作用の観察結果および環外アミドを保有しないシリーズと比較したキノーム選択性の改善は、この設計仮説を立証する。
Claims (39)
- 式(I)の化合物:
R1は、水素、C1〜3アルキルおよびC3〜6シクロアルキルから選択され、Xは、−C(O)R2であり、
ここで、
R2は、−NR13R14であり、ここで、
R13およびR14は、それらが結合した窒素原子と一緒になって、4員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、ここで、前記ヘテロシクリルは、−NR5R6およびR7で必要に応じて置換されており、
R5およびR6は、独立して、C1〜3アルキルであるか、あるいはR5およびR6は、それらが結合した窒素原子と一緒になって、酸素原子を必要に応じて含む5または6員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R7は、1個の窒素原子を含む5または6員ヘテロシクリルで必要に応じて置換されているC1〜3アルキルである]
またはその薬学的に許容される塩。 - R1が、水素またはC1〜3アルキルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R13およびR14が、それらが結合した前記窒素原子と一緒になって、4員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、ここで、前記ヘテロシクリルは、−NR5R6およびR7で必要に応じて置換されているか、あるいは
R5およびR6が、独立して、C1〜3アルキルであるか、あるいはR5およびR6が、それらが結合した前記窒素原子と一緒になって、5または6員ヘテロシクリルを形成し、
R7が、ピロリジニルで必要に応じて置換されているC1〜3アルキルである、
請求項2に記載の化合物。 - R5およびR6が、C1〜3アルキルである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物が、(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(5−エチル−2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[5,4−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノンである、請求項4に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 前記化合物が、(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(5−エチル−2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[5,4−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノンである、請求項4に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 前記化合物が、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−イソプロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)アゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン、
(S)−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)−3−メチルアゼチジン−1−イル)(2−(6−(2−エチル−5−フルオロ−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1H−インダゾール−3−イル)−5−プロピル−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]ピリジン−6−イル)メタノン
およびその薬学的に許容される塩から選択される、請求項4に記載の化合物。 - 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物における呼吸器疾患の処置において使用するための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、嚢胞性線維症、肺臓炎、特発性肺線維症、急性肺傷害、急性呼吸窮迫症候群、気管支炎、肺気腫、閉塞性細気管支炎またはサルコイドーシスである、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息または慢性閉塞性肺疾患である、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、好酸球性疾患、蠕虫感染症、肺動脈性高血圧症、リンパ脈管筋腫症、気管支拡張症、浸潤性肺疾患、薬物誘発性肺臓炎、真菌誘発性肺臓炎、アレルギー性気管支肺アスペルギルス症、過敏性肺臓炎、好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症、特発性急性好酸球性肺炎、特発性慢性好酸球性肺炎、好酸球増加症候群、レフレル症候群、閉塞性細気管支炎器質化肺炎、肺移植片対宿主病または免疫チェックポイント阻害剤誘発性肺臓炎である、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- 哺乳動物における肺移植拒絶反応の処置において使用するための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、原発性移植片機能不全、器質化肺炎、急性拒絶反応、リンパ球性細気管支炎または慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、急性肺移植拒絶反応である、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、閉塞性細気管支炎、拘束性慢性肺同種移植片機能不全または好中球性同種移植片機能不全である、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 哺乳動物における呼吸器疾患の処置用医薬の製造のための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、嚢胞性線維症、肺臓炎、特発性肺線維症、急性肺傷害、急性呼吸窮迫症候群、気管支炎、肺気腫、閉塞性細気管支炎またはサルコイドーシスである、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息または慢性閉塞性肺疾患である、請求項23に記載の使用。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、好酸球性疾患、蠕虫感染症、肺動脈性高血圧症、リンパ脈管筋腫症、気管支拡張症、浸潤性肺疾患、薬物誘発性肺臓炎、真菌誘発性肺臓炎、アレルギー性気管支肺アスペルギルス症、過敏性肺臓炎、好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症、特発性急性好酸球性肺炎、特発性慢性好酸球性肺炎、好酸球増加症候群、レフレル症候群、閉塞性細気管支炎器質化肺炎、肺移植片対宿主病または免疫チェックポイント阻害剤誘発性肺臓炎である、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 哺乳動物における肺移植拒絶反応の処置用医薬の製造のための、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、原発性移植片機能不全、器質化肺炎、急性拒絶反応、リンパ球性細気管支炎または慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、急性肺移植拒絶反応である、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、閉塞性細気管支炎、拘束性慢性肺同種移植片機能不全または好中球性同種移植片機能不全である、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 哺乳動物における呼吸器疾患を処置する方法であって、前記哺乳動物に、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、嚢胞性線維症、肺臓炎、特発性肺線維症、急性肺傷害、急性呼吸窮迫症候群、気管支炎、肺気腫、閉塞性細気管支炎またはサルコイドーシスである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、喘息または慢性閉塞性肺疾患である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、好酸球性疾患、蠕虫感染症、肺動脈性高血圧症、リンパ脈管筋腫症、気管支拡張症、浸潤性肺疾患、薬物誘発性肺臓炎、真菌誘発性肺臓炎、アレルギー性気管支肺アスペルギルス症、過敏性肺臓炎、好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症、特発性急性好酸球性肺炎、特発性慢性好酸球性肺炎、好酸球増加症候群、レフレル症候群、閉塞性細気管支炎器質化肺炎、肺移植片対宿主病または免疫チェックポイント阻害剤誘発性肺臓炎である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物における肺移植拒絶反応を処置する方法であって、前記哺乳動物に、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、原発性移植片機能不全、器質化肺炎、急性拒絶反応、リンパ球性細気管支炎または慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記肺移植拒絶反応が、急性肺移植拒絶反応である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、慢性肺同種移植片機能不全である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記呼吸器疾患が、閉塞性細気管支炎、拘束性慢性肺同種移植片機能不全または好中球性同種移植片機能不全である、請求項35に記載の方法。
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