JP2020505195A - 救命救急のための血管内灌流増加 - Google Patents
救命救急のための血管内灌流増加 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国国立心臓肺臓血液研究所から授与された契約番号K12HL108964に基づく政府支援により行われたものである。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本出願は2017年1月12日出願の米国仮出願第62/445,551号の優先権の恩典を主張するものであり、その内容全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本開示は全体として、大動脈内に配置される血管内大動脈血流調節装置に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、救命救急のための血管内灌流増加用のシステムおよび方法に関する。
内科患者および外科患者の両方での圧倒的多数の症例において、ショックの合併症による死亡は高い確率で存在し続けている。多くの場合、ショック状態を治療するために使用される既存のシステム、薬物、および手順は、重要臓器への十分な酸素送達を維持できないことにより、最終的に患者の死亡をもたらす。この酸素送達は、臓器への十分な血液灌流に基づく。心臓および肺の血圧が十分でないことで血行動態の崩壊が生じ、これにより残りの臓器への灌流が減少し、最終的に死亡することが、よく認識されている。
血管の病態および損傷を治療するための血管内戦略に関する、過去25年にわたる著しい進歩は、冠動脈灌流、肺灌流、および脳灌流を大動脈レベルで直接最適化することによる重症ショックでの蘇生法に対する完全に異なるアプローチを促進する手段および技術の独自のセットを実現した。ショック患者の大動脈内に戦略的に配置されて遠位側の血流を妨げるように設計された血管内カテーテルを使用することによって、バルーンの遠位側の血流を最小化することでバルーンより上流の近位側血圧を上昇させることができる。例えば、蘇生的大動脈内バルーン遮断(REBOA)は臨終期の外傷患者において使用される治療法である。REBOAは、制御不能な胴体出血の状況で外傷医療提供者によってますます使用されている後負荷増大の極端な形である。救急科開胸術を行って大動脈をクロスクランプすることで遠位側大動脈の血流を最小化するよりもむしろ、バルーンカテーテルを大動脈内で損傷レベルを超えて完全に膨張させることで血流を停止させる。バルーンカテーテルで近位側大動脈を完全に遮断することで、REBOAは循環血が胴体上部へと分布するのを直ちに遮断し、これにより近位側臓器灌流を改善し、下流方向の出血を停止させる。しかし、REBOAによる血行動態増加は、著しい欠点、すなわち、遮断点の遠位側のすべての組織の虚血を示す。この欠点に対抗するために、少ない遠位側血流量をなお可能にしながら重要臓器(心臓、肺、脳)への灌流を支援する方法として、部分REBOA(P-REBOA)と呼ばれる大動脈の動的な部分遮断が提案された。しかし、現在、P-REBOAの臨床的有用性は、遮断度の制御が不正確であることから限定されている。
本開示は、自動血管内灌流増加システムを提供することで、既に記載されたシステムの欠点を克服する。最近のトランスレーショナル実験は、自動化機能を組み込んで部分大動脈遮断を正確に制御することで、血圧の動的変化に応答して遠位側大動脈血流を細かくタイトレーションすることができることを示した。当初は進行中の出血性ショックの状況に適用されたが、部分大動脈遮断の程度を少なくすることで、IV輸液および薬物にはできないやり方で大動脈後負荷の即時の動的な変化によりあらゆる種類のショックにおいて心機能を最適化することができると仮定された。
救命救急のための血管内灌流増加(EPACC)は、重篤患者の血圧を機械的および薬理学的に上昇させる新規治療プラットフォームである。EPACCは、一連の血管内装置と、該装置用の制御装置と、患者の生理状態に応じてEPACC装置をリアルタイムに変化させることができる複合アルゴリズムとを含むシステムによって達成される。どのような生理学的測定値に対しても動的に応答するようにEPACCを自動化することができるため、EPACCは、複数のショック状態において灌流を最大化するために実行可能な技術となる。しかし、本開示の原理によれば、EPACCは、十分な血液製剤が利用可能でない場合に出血性ショックを治療するために、または治療に必要なIV輸液および昇圧剤の量を減少させて敗血症性ショックを治療するために、または脳外傷もしくは脳内出血の状況で神経原性ショックを治療するためにも同様に実行可能である。
uLBolus = (P0-PS)2 * V
式中、P0は現在の血圧であり、PSはセットポイント血圧であり、Vは以下に記載の定数である。当業者は、代わりのアルゴリズムを使用して現在の生理状態および目標生理状態に基づいてバルーン体積を調整することができることを理解するであろう。
EPACCを標準的救命救急(STD)と比較する試験がTravis空軍基地David Grant Medical CenterのThe Institutional Animal Care and Use Committeeにより承認された。試験の流れの概要を図10に示す。例えば、最初に体重60〜95kgの健康な成体の去勢雄および非妊娠雌ヨークシャー交雑種ブタ(イノシシ)を最低10日間順化させた後、実験を行った。脾摘出を行った後、全血液量の25%を制御下で30分かけて出血させることで、出血性ショック虚血再灌流障害を作り出した。これに続く低血圧を45分間の下行胸部大動脈遮断により処置することで、近位側の血行動態を改善し、遠位側の身体虚血を誘導した。45分間の遮断期の後、すべての動物を自身の流血で蘇生させ、続いて2つの救命救急群であるSTDまたはEPACCのうちの1つにランダム化した。STDは、以下でさらに詳細に説明する所定の救命救急アルゴリズムに基づいて晶質輸液を送達し、昇圧剤のタイトレーションを行う、自動救命救急プラットフォームによって行った。EPACCにランダム化された動物において下行胸部大動脈の自動部分大動脈遮断を行うことで血圧を目標範囲(近位側の平均動脈圧60〜70mmHg)内に維持し、ベースライン大動脈血流量(BAF)の80%(重量ベースの推定値)を最小大動脈血流閾値とした。当業者が理解するように、他の最小大動脈血流閾値を使用してもよい。例えば、患者が例えば高心拍出量状態(低血圧だが非常に高い心拍出量)である場合、BAFの60%などの低い閾値または120%などの高い閾値である。漸進的バルーン膨張により血流がこの閾値に到達すると、さらなるバルーン支援は行わなかった。このシナリオにおいて血圧を目標範囲まで上昇させるために、STD群と同じ静注輸液および昇圧剤の自動投与アルゴリズムを適用した。6時間の合計試験期間後、動物を屠殺し、臓器の組織学的解析による剖検に供した。
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP<7mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量>標準値の80%(重量ベース)である場合 → バルーン支援を増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP<7mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量<標準値の80%(重量ベース)である場合 → バルーン支援を減少
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP<7mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量<標準値の80%(重量ベース)である場合 → 輸液ボーラス、およびNEを0.02mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP 7〜9mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量<標準値の80%(重量ベース)である場合 → 輸液ボーラス、およびNEを0.01mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP>9mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量<標準値の80%(重量ベース)である場合 → NEを0.01mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP>9mmHg かつ 大動脈血流量<標準値の80%(重量ベース) かつ NE = 0.2mcg/kg/分である場合 → 輸液ボーラス
pMAP 60〜70mmHgである場合は何もしない
pMAP>70mmHgである場合 → NEを0.01mcg/kg/分減少
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP<7mmHgである場合 → 輸液ボーラス、およびNEを0.02mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP 7=9mmHgである場合 → 輸液ボーラス、およびNEを0.01mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP>9mmHgである場合 → NEを0.01mcg/kg/分増加
pMAP<60mmHg かつ CVP>9mmHg かつ NE = 0.2mcg/kg/分である場合 → 輸液ボーラス
pMAP 60〜70mmHgである場合は何もしない
pMAP>70mmHgである場合 → NEを0.01mcg/kg/分減少
Claims (24)
- 基端部と、患者の大動脈内に配置されるように構成されている先端部とを有する、カテーテル;
該大動脈内に配置されるための、該カテーテルの該先端部に設置されている拡張式大動脈血流調節装置であって、大動脈の血流を制限するために拡張するようにおよび収縮するように構成されている、拡張式大動脈血流調節装置;
該カテーテルの該基端部に連結されており、かつ該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を大動脈内で拡張および収縮させるように構成されている、カテーテル制御装置;
大動脈の血流を示す生理学的情報を測定するように構成されている、1つまたは複数のセンサ;ならびに
命令を記憶している非一時的コンピュータ可読媒体であって、該命令が、該1つまたは複数のセンサに接続されたプロセッサにより実行されると、該プロセッサが該生理学的情報の測定値を目標生理学的範囲と比較し、その結果、該生理学的情報の測定値が該目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に大動脈の血流量を調整するために該カテーテル制御装置が該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置の拡張および収縮を自動的に調整する、非一時的コンピュータ可読媒体
を含む、自動血管内灌流増加システム。 - 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、前記大動脈の血流を制限するために拡張するように膨張するように構成されているバルーンを含み、前記カテーテル制御装置が、前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に該大動脈の血流量を調整するために該バルーンを膨張または縮小させるように構成されているシリンジポンプを含む、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
前記大動脈の血流を遮断するために膨張するように構成されているバルーン;および
該バルーンを取り囲むように構成されている1つまたは複数のワイヤであって、該バルーンの周りの血流を可能にするために該バルーンを陥凹させるように締め付けられるようにさらに構成されている、1つまたは複数のワイヤ
を含み、
前記カテーテル制御装置が、該バルーンを膨張または縮小させるように構成されているシリンジポンプを含み、
該カテーテル制御装置が、前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に該大動脈の血流量を調整するために、該バルーンを取り囲む該1つまたは複数のワイヤを締め付けるかまたは緩めるように該1つまたは複数のワイヤを短くまたは長くするようにさらに構成されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記カテーテル制御装置が、前記カテーテル上の固定点に対して前記1つまたは複数のワイヤを短くまたは長くするように構成されているステッパモータまたは電動式アームのうちの少なくとも1つによって、該1つまたは複数のワイヤを短くまたは長くする、請求項3記載のシステム。
- 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
前記カテーテルの中心軸から半径方向に拡張または収縮するように構成されているワイヤ骨格;および
薄膜を含む大動脈血流調節セイルであって、該ワイヤ骨格の一部分を取り囲むように構成されている、大動脈血流調節セイル
を含み、
前記カテーテル制御装置が、前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に前記大動脈の血流量を調整するために、該大動脈血流調節セイルを半径方向に拡張または収縮させるように該ワイヤ骨格を短くまたは長くするように構成されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記カテーテル制御装置が、前記カテーテル上の固定点に対して前記ワイヤ骨格を短くまたは長くするように構成されているステッパモータまたは電動式アームのうちの少なくとも1つによって該ワイヤ骨格を短くまたは長くする、請求項5記載のシステム。
- 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
1つまたは複数の窓部を有するノンコンプライアントバルーン;および
該ノンコンプライアントバルーン内に封入されるように構成されているコンプライアントバルーン
を含み、
前記カテーテル制御装置が、前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に前記大動脈の血流量を調整するために、該ノンコンプライアントバルーンの該1つまたは複数の窓部を通じて該コンプライアントバルーンが押し出されるように該コンプライアントバルーンを膨張または縮小させるように構成されている、シリンジポンプを含む、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記1つまたは複数のセンサのうち1つが、前記カテーテル上で前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より先端側に設置されており、かつ該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より先端側の大動脈の血圧を示す生理学的情報を測定するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数のセンサのうち1つが、前記カテーテル上で前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側に設置されており、かつ該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側の大動脈の血圧を示す生理学的情報を測定するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数のセンサが、心拍数、呼吸数、前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側または先端側の大動脈血流量、血液温度、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置内の圧力、前記患者の心拍出量、頸動脈血流量、肺動脈圧、末梢血管抵抗、または頭蓋内圧のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、前記大動脈の血流を示す生理学的情報を測定するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数のセンサが、前記患者の体液の乳酸レベル、コルチゾールレベル、活性酸素種レベル、またはpHのうちの少なくとも1つを測定することによって前記大動脈の血流を示す生理学的情報を測定するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが、前記大動脈内に配置されるための、前記カテーテルの先端部にて前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側に設置されている第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置をさらに含み、該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、前記カテーテル制御装置に連結されており、かつ該大動脈の血流を制限するために拡張するようにおよび収縮するように構成されており、
該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置および該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が該大動脈の一区域に配置されかつ該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が該大動脈の異なる区域に配置されるように間隔をおいて配置されるように構成されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記1つまたは複数のセンサのうちの少なくとも1つが、前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より先端側に、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置と前記第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置との間に、または該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側に位置づけられる、請求項12記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが、前記1つまたは複数のセンサおよび前記カテーテル制御装置に作動的に接続された外部中央処理装置をさらに含み、該外部中央処理装置が、前記プロセッサを含み、かつ前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にあるか否かを示す情報を該カテーテル制御装置に伝達するように構成されている、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記外部中央処理装置が、WiFi、Bluetooth、Wixelベース通信、またはセルラー通信のうちの少なくとも1つによって前記情報を前記カテーテル制御装置に伝達する、請求項14記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが、前記患者に静注薬を送達するように構成されている自動ポンプをさらに含み、前記命令が、前記1つまたは複数のセンサに接続された前記プロセッサにより実行されると、該プロセッサが前記生理学的情報の測定値を目標生理学的範囲と比較し、その結果、該比較に基づいて患者の生理状態を調節するために該自動ポンプが該患者に静注薬を送達する、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが、前記患者に静注輸液および血液製剤を送達するように構成されている自動ポンプをさらに含み、前記命令が、前記1つまたは複数のセンサに接続された前記プロセッサにより実行されると、該プロセッサが前記生理学的情報の測定値を目標生理学的範囲と比較し、その結果、該比較に基づいて患者の生理状態を調節するために該自動ポンプが該患者に静注輸液または血液製剤を送達する、請求項1記載のシステム。
- 以下の段階を含む、血管内灌流増加のために大動脈血流調節の程度を自動で動的に調節するための方法:
拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を含むカテーテルの先端部を患者の大動脈内に導入する段階;
該大動脈の血流を制限するために該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張させる段階;
該大動脈の血流を示す生理学的情報を1つまたは複数のセンサによって測定する段階;
該生理学的情報の測定値を目標生理学的範囲と比較する段階;ならびに
該生理学的情報の測定値が該目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に該大動脈の血流量を調整するために該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置の拡張および収縮を調整する段階。 - 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、前記大動脈の血流を制限するために拡張するように膨張するように構成されているバルーンを含み、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張または収縮させる段階が、シリンジポンプによって該バルーンを膨張または縮小させることを含む、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
前記大動脈の血流を遮断するために膨張するように構成されているバルーン;および
該バルーンを取り囲むように構成されている1つまたは複数のワイヤであって、該バルーンの周りの血流を可能にするために該バルーンを陥凹させるように締め付けられるようにさらに構成されている、1つまたは複数のワイヤ
を含み、
該大動脈の血流を遮断するために該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張させる段階が、シリンジポンプによって該バルーンを膨張させることを含み、
該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張または収縮させる段階が、該バルーンを取り囲む該1つまたは複数のワイヤを締め付けるかまたは緩めるように該1つまたは複数のワイヤを短くまたは長くすることを含む、
請求項18記載の方法。 - 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
前記カテーテルの中心軸から半径方向に拡張するように構成されているワイヤ骨格;および
薄膜を含む大動脈血流調節セイルであって、該ワイヤ骨格の一部分を取り囲むように構成されている、大動脈血流調節セイル
を含み、
該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張または収縮させる段階が、該大動脈血流調節セイルを半径方向に拡張または収縮させるように該ワイヤ骨格を短くまたは長くすることを含む、
請求項18記載の方法。 - 前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、
1つまたは複数の窓部を有するノンコンプライアントバルーン;および
該ノンコンプライアントバルーン内に封入されるように構成されているコンプライアントバルーン
を含み、
第1の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張または収縮させる段階が、シリンジポンプによって該ノンコンプライアントバルーンの該1つまたは複数の窓部を通じて該コンプライアントバルーンが押し出されるように該コンプライアントバルーンを膨張または縮小させることを含む、
請求項18記載の方法。 - 前記大動脈の血流を示す生理学的情報を1つまたは複数のセンサによって測定する段階が、心拍数、呼吸数、前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側または先端側の大動脈血流量、血液温度、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置内の圧力、患者の心拍出量、頸動脈血流量、肺動脈圧、末梢血管抵抗、または頭蓋内圧のうちの少なくとも1つを測定することを含む、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記カテーテルが、患者の大動脈内または遠位動脈内に配置されるための、該カテーテルの先端部にて前記拡張式大動脈血流調節装置より基端側に設置されている第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置をさらに含み、該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、該大動脈または遠位動脈の血流を部分的に遮断するために拡張するように構成されており、該拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、該大動脈の一区域に配置されるように構成されており、かつ該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置が、該大動脈の異なる区域または遠位動脈に配置されるように構成されており、前記方法が、
血流を遮断するために該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張させる段階;ならびに
前記生理学的情報の測定値が前記目標生理学的範囲外にある場合に血流量を調整するために該第2の拡張式大動脈血流調節装置を拡張および収縮させる段階
をさらに含む、請求項18記載の方法。
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US20200038566A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US20230355866A1 (en) | 2023-11-09 |
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EP4327732A3 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
CA3049539C (en) | 2022-09-20 |
JP6928111B2 (ja) | 2021-09-01 |
CN110446523B (zh) | 2022-06-10 |
CN110446523A (zh) | 2019-11-12 |
CA3049539A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
EP3568190B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
EP3568190A1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
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