JP2020500835A - 効果的な腫瘍阻害のための抗c−MET抗体及びその抗体薬物複合体 - Google Patents
効果的な腫瘍阻害のための抗c−MET抗体及びその抗体薬物複合体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、抗c−MET特異的抗体及びその抗体薬物複合体に関し、がんの治療に有用である。本発明は更に、本発明の抗体またはその抗体薬物複合体の生成方法を提供する。
肝細胞増殖因子受容体(HGFR)は、またc−MET(間葉上皮転換)としても知られているが、I型膜貫通タンパク質RTKであり、化学的に変質させたヒト骨肉腫細胞中で発がん性TRP−MET融合タンパク質として最初に特定された。間葉系細胞によるc−METの発現及びそのリガンドである肝細胞増殖因子(HGF、または散乱因子SF)の分泌は、細胞分化、増殖、生存、細胞骨格相互作用、細胞脱離、散乱、運動及び侵襲性に関与している(Birchmeier 他 (2003) Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol. 4, 915-925)。プロテオグリカン(デコリン)はc−METのリガンドとなる(Goldoni 他 (2009) J.Cell Biol. 185, 743-75)。マクロ細胞レベルでは、c−METは、例えば、胚形成では創傷治癒及び器官再生のような、様々な機能を有する。腫瘍形成は、転移性細胞拡散を可能にする上皮から間葉系の表現型へのがん細胞形状の形態学的変化によって特徴づけられる。一般に、高いc−MET発現は、初代腫瘍に比べて転移性病巣で見つかり、転移におけるc−METの関与を強調している(Cipriani 他 (2009) Lung Cancer 63, 169-179)。
したがって、引き続き、既存技術において入手可能な抗c−METの限界を克服する、がんの治療のため高アフィニティ抗c−MET抗体及び対応する抗体薬物複合体のレパートリーを拡張する必要性がある。
本件発明者は、驚くべきことに、c−METに高いアフィニティで結合し、c−MET発現腫瘍を効率的に阻害するために用い得る抗c−MET抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを発見した。
第1実施形態において、本発明は抗c−MET抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、ヒトc−METに対し少なくとも10-8Mのアフィニティで結合するものを提供する。
ある実施形態に従うと、上記のとおり開示された本発明の抗体または抗原結合フラグメントは、ヒトc−METバリアントN375Sに結合する。
ある実施形態において、上記のとおり開示された本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、ヒトc−METのSEMAドメイン中に含まれるエピトープに結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する。
ある実施形態に従うと、上記のとおり開示された本発明の抗体または抗原結合フラグメントは、ヒトc−METのIPTドメイン1−4の中に含まれるエピトープに結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する。
ある実施形態において、上記のとおり開示された本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、0.88×10-9M以下の濃度で、固相でHGFを用いた酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイにおいて組換えヒトHGFのヒトc−MET ECDへの結合を50%阻害する。
ある実施形態に従うと、本発明の抗体の抗原結合フラグメントは、FabまたはF(ab’)2、scFvである。
ある実施形態において、本発明の抗体は、IgG型抗体である。
ある実施形態に従うと、上記のとおり開示された本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、配列番号1及び配列番号2、又は配列番号3及び配列番号4、又は配列番号5及び配列番号6に従う重鎖及び軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む。
ある実施形態において、本発明の抗体又はその抗原結合フラグメントは、更に診断、または治療薬剤と結合する。
(i)第1及び/または第2FabまたはscFvフラグメントであって、ヒトc−METに特異的に結合するもの、及び
(ii)抗体のヒンジ部、抗体のCH2ドメイン及び抗体のCH3ドメインであって、ハイブリッドタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用界面ドメインを含み、該相互作用界面ドメインは、第1メンバーのCH3ドメインのアミノ酸セグメント及び前記第2メンバーのCH3ドメインのアミノ酸セグメントによって形成され、第1鎖の前記タンパク質−タンパク質界面ドメインは第2鎖のタンパク質−タンパク質界面ドメインと、免疫グロブリンスーパーファミリーの同じメンバーの対応するアミノ酸セグメントの前記界面ドメイン内でのホモ二量化によって相互作用し、
ここで、第1の遺伝子組み換え免疫グロブリン鎖は、ポリペプチド配列(”AG−SEED”):
を有し、
第2の遺伝子組み換え免疫グロブリン鎖は、ポリペプチド配列(”GA−SEED”):
を有し、
前記第1及び/または第2のFabまたはscFvフラグメントは、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6、配列番号7、配列番号8のうちの少なくとも2つのアミノ酸配列を含む。
ある実施形態に従うと、本発明のヘテロ二量化免疫グロブリン分子は、細胞毒と結合する。
ある実施形態において、本発明のヘテロ二量化免疫グロブリン分子は、アフコシル化(afucosylated)される。
ある実施形態において、上記の通り開示された本発明の抗体またはヘテロ二量化免疫グロブリン分子は、がんの治療において用いられてもよい。
配列番号1 抗−c−METクローンB10軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号2 抗−c−METクローンB10重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号3 抗−c−METクローンF06軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号4 抗−c−METクローンF06重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号5 抗−c−METクローンB10v5軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号6 抗−c−METクローンB10v5重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号7 抗−c−METクローンCS06軽鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号8 抗−c−METクローンCS06重鎖アミノ酸配列
配列番号9 AG−SEED
配列番号10 GA−SEED
配列番号11 ヒトMET(c−MET)
本発明は以下に詳細に記載されるが、この発明は本明細書に記載される特定の方法、プロトコル及び試薬に限定されるものではないことが、それらが変化し得ることから、理解されるべきである。本明細書で用いられる用語は、特定の実施形態を記載するだけのためであり、添付された特許請求の範囲によってのみ限定されるであろう本発明のスコープを限定することは意図するものではないことがまた理解されるべきである。別途規定されていない限り、本明細書で用いられる全ての技術的及び科学的用語はは、当業者が一般に理解する意味と同じ意味を有する。
以下において、本発明の要素が記載されるであろう。これらの要素は、特定の実施形態とともに列挙されるが、それらは、追加的な実施形態を作り出すために任意の方法及び任意の数を組み合わせてよいことが理解されるべきである。さまざまに記載された実施例及び好ましい実施形態は、本発明を、明示的に記載された実施形態のみに限定するものと解釈されるべきではない。この記載は、明示的に記載された実施形態を任意の数の開示された及び/または好ましい要素とともに組合せる実施形態を支持し、包含するものであると理解されるべきである。更に、この出願における全ての記載された要素の任意の順列及び組合せは、文脈上別途示されない限り、本件出願の記載によって開示されたものと考えられるべきである。
「1つの(a)」及び「1つの(an)」及び「その(the)」という用語及び本発明を記載する文脈(とりわけ特許請求の範囲の文脈)において用いられるそれに類似する言及は、本明細書において別途示されているか、明らかに文脈上矛盾しないかぎり、単数及び複数の両方を包含すると解釈される。本明細書における値の範囲の列挙は、範囲内に該当するそれぞれ別々の値を個別に言及することの簡易な方法として用いられるに過ぎないことを意図している。本明細書において別途示されていない限り、それぞれの個々の値は、本明細書において個別に列挙されたものとして本明細書に組み込まれる。明細書中のいかなる用語も、任意の請求されていない要素が発明の実施に不可欠であると解釈されてはならない。
記載された課題は、本発明によって、好ましくは、添付された特許請求の範囲に記載された内容によって、解決される。
本願発明者は、驚くべきことに、本発明の抗c−MET抗体またはその抗体結合フラグメントが、高いアフィニティでc−METに結合し、効果的にc−MET発現腫瘍を抑制することができることを発見した。
ある実施形態に従うと、上記開示された本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、ヒトc−METの免疫グロブリンプレキシン転写(IPT)領域1−4に含まれるエピトープに結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する。例えば、ヒトc−MET(UniProtKB P08581)のIPT領域はアミノ酸562−655(IPT領域1)、656−739(IPT領域2)、741−842(IPT領域3)及びアミノ酸856−952(IPT領域4)を含む。本発明の抗体は、例えば、領域1、IPT領域2、IPT領域3又はIPT領域4に含まれるエピトープに、上記開示されたアフィニティで結合してもよく、例えばアフィニティは少なくとも10-8M、例えば少なくとも1x10-9M、2x10-9 M、3x10-9、4x−10-9M、5x10-9M、6x10-9M、7x10-9M、8x10-9M、9x10-9Mである。ある態様において、本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、IPT領域1に結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する。上記開示された本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、例えばまた、エピトープが構造エピトープである場合、1より多くのIPT領域に結合してもよい。例えば、本発明の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、IPT領域1及び2、または2及び3、または3及び4、または1及び4、または1及び3、または2及び4、または例えばIPT領域1、2、3及び4に含まれるエピトープに結合してもよい。
を含み、かつ、第2組換え免疫グロブリン鎖またはメンバーがポリペプチド配列(「GA−SEED」):
を含み、ここで、第1及び/又は第2FabまたはscFvフラグメントが配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6、配列番号7、または配列番号8のアミノ酸配列のうち少なくとも2つを含む。
組換えヒトHGFの、組換えヒトc−MET ECDに結合する本発明の抗体との競合を、固相中のHGFを用いるELISAによって検出した。このため、1.25pmolのHGFを96ウェルMaxiSorp(登録商標)プレート上、一晩、4°Cで固定化した。プレートをPBS−T中、2%BSAでブロックした後、連続希釈(0.2-200 nM)した抗体とともにあらかじめインキュベートした1.13pmolのビオチン化c-MET ECDをプレートに添加した。HRP−標識されたストレプトアビジンを用い、続いて1工程のUltra TMB ELISA基質溶液及び硫酸の添加をすることによって結合が明らかになった。結果として得られたHGFに結合したc−MET ECDであって、抗−c−METに向けられた抗体の添加抜きのものについての吸収は、100%HGF結合であると規定された。抗−HEL SEEDを、無関係なイソタイプコントロール抗体として用いた。データを、抗体濃度の対数に対する%HGF結合としてプロットし、GraphPad Prism 5(登録商標)を用いて、可変傾斜(variable slope)(4PL)によるシグモイド型用量−反応曲線にフィットさせた。
本発明の抗体及び本発明のヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子の結合の、c−MET仲介シグナル伝達のリン酸化レベルへの効果を評価するため、c−METをc−MET補足電気化学発光法(ECL)ELISA(MSDアッセイ)によって決定した。全ての試薬はMeso Scale Discoveryから入手し、製造者の指示書に従って調製した。簡潔に述べると、処置の前日、細胞を96−ウェル組織培養プレート(Sigma-Aldrich)に蒔き、血清を飢餓にして、連続希釈抗体(0−167nM 飢餓媒体中)で1時間、37℃、5% CO2で処置した。100ng/ml HGF(R&DSystems)で5分、37°Cで刺激した後、細胞をプロテアーゼ及びホスファターゼ阻害剤(Calbiochem)を補った氷温の溶解緩衝液に溶解した。電極を含む高結合96−ウェルプレート(Meso Scale Discovery)をキャプチャー抗トータルc−MET抗体(capture anti-total c-MET (Cell Signaling Technologies) antibody(Abcam))でコートし、続いて0.05%Tween(登録商標)20を補ったPBS中、3%のBlockAでブロッキングした。細胞溶解液とともにインキュベートした後、抗ホスホc−MET(anti-phospho c-MET (Cell Signaling Technologies))、抗ホスホ−チロシン抗体(anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody(R&D Systems))とともに、供給者が推薦する検出物質によって検出を行った。SECTOR(登録商標) Imager 6000 (Meso Scale Discovery)で測定を行った。ホスホ−AKT(phospho-AKT)レベルの定量化のため、ホスホ(Ser473)/全AKTアッセイ全細胞溶解液キット(Phospho(Ser473)/Total AKT Assay Whole Cell Lyate Kit (Meso Scale Discovery))を用いた。用量応答曲線を抗体濃度の対数に対するECLシグナルとしてプロットした。IC50値を3PLフィッティングモデルによってGraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, Inc.)を用いて計算した。例えば、図5のデータを参照のこと。
エピトープ・ビニング実験を、二重特異性抗体(bispecific antibodies)として用いられたc−MET抗体とともに行い、文献からの参照抗体と比較した(MetMAb, Emibetuzumab, h224G11)。バイオレイヤー干渉法を用いたバイオセンサー実験を抗−ヒトFc(AHC)バイオセンサーチップ(Forte Bio)を備えたOctet Red プラットフォーム(Forte Bio)上で行った。全てのデータを30℃でカイネティック緩衝液(PBS pH7.4,0.1%BSA,0.02%Tween−20)中で収集した。ヒトc−MET ECD−His(HGFR,肝細胞増殖因子受容体細胞外ドメイン)を生成し、インハウス精製した。バイオセンサーチップをPBS中30秒間平衡化した。続いて、PBS中の二価IgGを25nM及び一価の1−アーム抗体50nMを、バイオセンサーチップ上に、一次抗体として200秒間固定化した。チップを400nMの無関係なコントロール抗体(抗鶏卵リゾチーム、抗−HEL SEED、PBS中希釈)でクエンチ(quench)し、引き続いて二次抗体がバイオセンサーチップに結合することを最小化した。カイネティック緩衝液中、60秒間、ベースラインを獲得した後に、ヒトc−MET−ECDを固定化された一次抗体に600秒間さらした。その後、二次抗−c−MET抗体の、固定化された一次抗体に結合したc−MET−ECDに対する相互作用を600秒間解析した。二次抗体結合の解析は、無関係なイソタイプコントロール(抗−HEL SEED)と比較してより高い結合度[nM]によって特徴づけられる同時結合と区別することによって視覚的に解析した。
本発明の抗体薬物複合体の細胞毒性を評価するため、細胞毒と本発明の抗体のFc部分が、抗ヒトFc−Fab毒素複合体(MORADEC, catalog number AH205-AM)を介して非共有結合した結合体を用いた。
細胞生存率を、CellTiter-Glo(登録商標)アッセイ(Promega)を用いて定量化し、製造者の指示書に従って行った。簡潔に述べると、細胞を分離し、乳白色の細胞培養用96ウェルプレートの内側ウェルに播種した。播種細胞数は、1ウェルあたり8,000から15,000生細胞の範囲であり、80μl細胞株特異培地中の細胞株に依存する。細胞は少なくとも3時間、加湿チャンバー中、37°C、5%CO2でADC処置(50から最終的に0.01nMまでの範囲)の前に、複製して細胞株特定培地中で接着させた。72時間後、細胞生存率をウェルあたり100μlのCellTiter-Glo(登録商標)試薬を添加し、続いてプレートシェーカー上2分間350rpmで混合し、暗所室温で10分間インキュベートすることによって検出した。Synergy 4 プレートリーダー(chapter 3.9及び3.10)で、ウェルあたり0.5秒の読み取り時間(read time)により発光を測定した(感度:170)。培地とCellTiter-Glo(登録商標)試薬のみを加えたウェル中のバックグラウンド発光を差し引いた。データは、非処置細胞生存率のパーセンテージに対する抗体濃度の対数をプロットし、GraphPad Prism 5 (chapter 3.10)を用いて3PLモデルでフィッティングした。2回行った少なくとも3つの独立した実験からのデータを用いて平均IC50を計算した。
Claims (17)
- 抗c−MET抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントはヒトc−METに少なくとも10-8Mのアフィニティで結合する、抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがヒトc−METバリアントN375Sに結合する、請求項1に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがヒトc−METのSEMAドメイン中に含まれるエピトープに結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する、請求項1または2に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがヒトc−METのIPTドメイン1−4中に含まれるエピトープに結合し、c−METシグナル伝達を阻害する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが、ヒトc−MET ECDに対する組換えヒトHGF組換え体の結合を、0.9×10-9M以下の濃度で、固相中のHGFを用いる酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイで50%阻害する、請求項3に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがFabである、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがF(ab’)2である、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントがscFvである、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体がIgG型抗体である、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが、配列版応1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6、配列番号7及び配列番号8に従う配列のうち少なくとも1つの配列を含む、請求項6から9のいずれか1項に記載の抗体。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが、配列版応1及び配列番号2、または配列番号3及び配列番号4、または配列番号5及び配列番号6、配列番号7及び配列番号8に従う重鎖及び軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項10に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 前記抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが、さらに診断または治療薬剤と結合する、請求項11に記載の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- ヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子であって、
(iii) ヒトc−METに特異的に結合する、第1及び/または第2のFabまたはscFvフラグメント、及び
(iv) 抗体ヒンジ部、抗体CH2ドメイン及び抗体CH3ドメインであって、ハイブリッドタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用界面ドメインを含み、前記相互作用界面ドメインは、第1メンバーのCH3ドメインのアミノ酸セグメント及び第2メンバーのCH3ドメインのアミノ酸セグメントによって形成され、第1鎖のタンパク質−タンパク質界面ドメインは第2鎖のタンパク質−タンパク質界面ドメインと、前記相互作用ドメイン内において、免疫グロブリンスーパーファミリーの同じメンバーの対応するアミノ酸セグメントのホモ二量化によって相互作用し、ここで第1改変免疫グロブリン鎖はポリペプチド配列(”AG−SEED”):
を有し、かつ、第2改変免疫グロブリン鎖はポリペプチド配列(”GA−SEED”):
を有し、ここで第1及び/または第2FabまたはscFvフラグメントは、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6、配列番号7及び配列番号8に従う少なくとも2つのアミノ酸配列を含む、ヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子。 - ヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子が更に診断または治療薬剤と結合する、請求項13に記載のヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子。
- 治療薬剤が細胞毒である、請求項12に記載の抗体または請求項14に記載のヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子。
- ヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子がアフコシル化した、請求項15に記載のヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子
- 請求項15に記載の抗体、または請求項15または16に記載のヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子であって、がんの治療に用いられる、抗体またはヘテロ二量体免疫グロブリン分子。
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