JP2020189447A - 複層防汚塗膜、該塗膜を表面に有する塗装物 - Google Patents
複層防汚塗膜、該塗膜を表面に有する塗装物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020189447A JP2020189447A JP2019096218A JP2019096218A JP2020189447A JP 2020189447 A JP2020189447 A JP 2020189447A JP 2019096218 A JP2019096218 A JP 2019096218A JP 2019096218 A JP2019096218 A JP 2019096218A JP 2020189447 A JP2020189447 A JP 2020189447A
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Classifications
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
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- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態の複層防汚塗膜は、下層塗膜と、その上に形成された上層塗膜を有する。下層塗膜と上層塗膜は、どちらも加水分解型防汚塗膜である。
上層塗膜は、共重合体Aと、防汚薬剤を含む。上層塗膜は、上層塗膜に含まれる成分を溶媒に溶解又は分散させることによって得られる防汚塗料組成物を用いて形成することができる。
共重合体Aは、第1単量体混合物の共重合体である。第1単量体混合物は、単量体(a)と単量体(c)を含み、且つ単量体(b)を含んでもよく、単量体(a)〜(c)以外の単量体を含んでもよい。
共重合体Aは、第1単量体混合物を共重合することにより得ることができる。前記共重合は、例えば、重合開始剤の存在下で行われる。
重合開始剤の使用量を適宜設定することにより、共重合体Aの分子量を調整することができる。
重合反応は、窒素ガス、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガス雰囲気下で行われることが好ましい。
防汚薬剤としては、例えば無機薬剤及び有機薬剤が挙げられる。
これらの防汚薬剤は1種又は2種以上併用して使用できる。
さらに本発明の上層塗膜には、必要に応じて溶出調整剤、可塑剤、顔料、染料、消泡剤、充填剤、脱水剤、揺変剤等を含有させることができる。
上層塗膜用の防汚塗料組成物は、例えば、共重合体A、防汚薬剤及び他の添加剤等を含有する混合液を、分散機を用いて混合分散することにより製造できる。
前記混合液としては、共重合体及び防汚薬剤等の各種材料を溶媒に溶解または分散させたものであることが好ましい。
前記分散機としては、例えば、微粉砕機として使用できるものを好適に用いることができる。例えば、市販のホモミキサー、サンドミル、ビーズミル等を使用することができる。また、撹拌機を備えた容器に混合分散用のガラスビーズ等を加えたものを用い、前記混合液を混合分散してもよい。
上層塗膜は、共重合体Bと、防汚薬剤を含む。下層塗膜は、下層塗膜に含まれる成分を溶媒に溶解又は分散させることによって得られる防汚塗料組成物を用いて形成することができる。
共重合体Bは、第2単量体混合物の共重合体である。第2単量体混合物は、単量体(a)と単量体(b)の少なくとも一方を含む。第2単量体混合物は、単量体(a)と(b)のうちの一方のみを含んでもよく、両方を含んでもよい。第2単量体混合物は、単量体(c)を含んでもよく、単量体(a)〜(c)以外の単量体を含んでもよい。単量体(a)〜(c)及びその他の単量体の説明は、共重合体Aと同じである。
共重合体Bは、第2単量体混合物を共重合することにより得ることができる。共重合体Bの物性や製造方法の説明は、共重合体Aと同じである。
防汚薬剤の説明は、上層塗膜と同じである。上層塗膜と下層塗膜の防汚薬剤は、同じであっても異なっていてもよい。
さらに本発明の下層塗膜には、必要に応じて溶出調整剤、可塑剤、顔料、染料、消泡剤、充填剤、脱水剤、揺変剤等を含有させることができる。これらの説明は、上層塗膜と同じである。
下層塗膜用の防汚塗料組成物は、例えば、共重合体B、防汚薬剤及び他の添加剤等を含有する混合液を、分散機を用いて混合分散することにより製造できる。その他の説明は、上層塗膜と同じである。
本発明の複層防汚塗膜は、下層塗膜の上に、上層塗膜を形成することにより得られる。
下層塗膜及び上層塗膜は、それぞれ、上記防汚塗料組成物を被塗膜形成物の表面(全体又は一部)に塗布することにより形成できる。塗布方法としては、例えば、ハケ塗り法、スプレー法、ディッピング法、フローコート法、スピンコート法等が挙げられる。これらは、1種又は2種以上を併用して行ってもよい。塗布後、乾燥させる。乾燥温度は、室温でよい。乾燥時間は、塗膜の厚み等に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
各製造例、実施例及び比較例中の%は重量%を示す。粘度は、25℃での測定値であり、B形粘度計により求めた値である。重量平均分子量(Mw)は、GPCにより求めた値(ポリスチレン換算値)である。GPCの条件は下記の通りである。
装置・・・ 東ソー株式会社製 HLC−8220GPC
カラム・・・ TSKgel SuperHZM−M 2本
流量・・・ 0.35 mL/min
検出器・・・ RI
カラム恒温槽温度・・・ 40℃
溶離液・・・ THF
加熱残分は、JIS K 5601−1−2:1999(ISO 3251:1993)「塗料成分試験方法−加熱残分」に準拠して測定した値である。
また、表中の各成分の配合量の単位はgである。
<製造例1(共重合体溶液A1の製造)>
温度計、還流冷却器、撹拌機及び滴下ロートを備えたフラスコに、キシレン260gを仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、85±5℃で攪拌しながら、メタクリル酸トリイソプロピルシリル215g、メタクリル酸メチル135g、アクリル酸2−メトキシエチル150g、及び重合開始剤である1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート3gの混合液を2時間かけて滴下した。その後同温度で1時間攪拌を行った後、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート0.5gを1時間毎に5回添加して重合反応を完結した後、加熱残分が50%になるようにキシレンを添加し溶解させることにより、共重合体溶液A1を得た。得られた共重合体溶液の粘度は320mPa・s(25℃)、加熱残分は50.7%、Mwは45,000であった。
表1に示す単量体の混合物を用いて、製造例1と同様の操作で重合を行い、共重合体溶液A2〜A6、B1〜B3、C1〜C5を得た。得られた各共重合体溶液の加熱残分、粘度、及び重量平均分子量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
表2に示す成分を当該表に示す割合(質量%)で配合し、直径1.5〜2.5mmのガラスビーズと混合分散することにより塗料組成物X1〜X8、Y1〜Y3、Z1〜Z5を製造した。
ロジン溶液:中国産ガムロジン(WW)の固形分50%キシレン溶液
ロジン亜鉛塩溶液:商品名「Bremazit 3050」(Kraemer社製)の固形分50%キシレン溶液
水添ロジン溶液:商品名「ハイペールCH」(荒川化学工業(株)製)の固形分50%キシレン溶液
塩素化パラフィン:商品名「Paraffin Chlorinated (Cl:40%)」(和光純薬工業(株)製)
E−2000H:エポキシ化大豆油:商品名「サンソサイザー E−2000H」(新日本理化(株)製)
DINCH:1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸ジイソノニル:商品名「HEXAMOLL(登録商標) DINCH(登録商標)」(BASF社製)
TOTM:トリメリット酸トリ2−エチルヘキシル:商品名「Tris(2−ethylhexyl) Trimellitate」(東京化成(株)製)
亜酸化銅:商品名「NC−301」(日進ケムコ(株)製)
銅ピリチオン:商品名「カッパーオマジン」(アーチケミカル(株)製)
エコニア:商品名「Econea 028」...2−(p−クロロフェニル)−3−シアノ−4−ブロモ−5−トリフルオロメチルピロール(ヤンセンPMP製)
メデトミジン:商品名「4−(1−(2,3−Dimethylphenyl)ethyl)−1H−imidazole」(和光純薬工業(株) 製)
タルク:商品名「クラウンタルク3S」(松村産業(株)製)
酸化亜鉛:商品名「酸化亜鉛2」(正同化学(株)製)
ベンガラ:商品名「TODA COLOR EP−13D」(戸田ピグメント(株)製)
酸化チタン:商品名「FR−41」(古河機械金属(株)製)
テトラエトキシシラン:商品名「Tetraethyl Orthosilicate」(東京化成(株)製)
脂肪族アマイド系揺変剤:商品名「ディスパロンA603−20X」(楠本化成(株)製)
キシレン:(試薬、東京化成工業社製)、エチルベンゼン含有
表2に示す塗料組成物X1〜X8、Y1〜Y3、Z1〜Z5を、表3に示す組み合わせで用いることによって、下層塗膜及び上層塗膜を形成した。これによって、実施例・比較例の複層防汚塗膜を得た。得られた複層防汚塗膜について、以下に示すように、耐衝撃性試験及び防汚試験を行った。その結果を表3に示す。
水槽の中央に直径515mm及び高さ440mmの回転ドラムを取付け、これをモーターで回転できるようにした。また、海水の温度を一定に保つための冷却装置、及び海水のpHを一定に保つためのpH自動コントローラーを取付けた。試験板を下記の方法に従って作製した。
結果は、おもりの先端の衝撃による塗膜の状態を以下の基準で判断した。
◎:塗膜の割れ、剥がれがない
〇:軽度の割れ、剥がれが観測される
△:中度の割れ、剥がれが観測される
×:重度の割れ、剥がれが観測される
硬質塩ビ板(100×200×2mm)の両面に乾燥塗膜としての厚みが約100μmとなるよう下層塗膜用の塗料組成物を塗布した。得られた塗布物を室温で24時間乾燥させ、その上に、乾燥塗膜として厚みが約100μmとなるように上層塗膜用の塗料組成物を塗布した。得られた複層塗布物を室温(25℃)で3日間乾燥させることにより、厚みが約200μmの乾燥複層塗膜を有する試験板を作製した。この試験板を三重県尾鷲市の海面下1.5mに浸漬して付着物による試験板の汚損を24ヶ月観察した。
◎:貝類や藻類などの汚損生物の付着がなく、かつ、スライムも殆ど付着していないレベル
○:貝類や藻類などの汚損生物の付着がなく、かつ、スライムが薄く(塗膜面が見える程度)付着して
いるものの刷毛で軽く拭いて取れるレベル
△:貝類や藻類などの汚損生物の付着はないが、スライムが薄く(塗膜面が見える程度)付着しており
刷毛で強く拭いて取れないレベル
×:貝類や藻類などの汚損生物の付着はないが、スライムが塗膜面が見えない程度に厚く付着して
おり刷毛で強く拭いても取れないレベル
××:貝類や藻類などの汚損生物が付着しているレベル
上記結果より、全ての実施例の複層防汚塗膜は、耐衝撃性及び防汚性が非常に優れていた。一方、全ての比較例の複層防汚塗膜は、耐衝撃性又は防汚性の何れかが良好でなかった。
比較例2では、上層塗膜の疎水性が高く、初期の塗膜溶解が小さいため、初期の防汚性が悪かった。
比較例3は、上層塗膜中の共重合体を構成する単量体(c)成分が少ないため、初期の塗膜溶解が小さく、初期の防汚性が悪かった。
比較例4は、上層がアクリル酸トリイソプロピルシリルの共重合体からなる塗膜であり、後半にクラックが起こることで防汚性が悪化し、塗膜強度も落ちた。
比較例5は、上層塗膜中のシリルエステル含有量が低く、初期から適正な塗膜更新が得られず、防汚性が劣るとともに塗膜も脆弱であった。
比較例6は、単量体(a)〜(c)の何れも含まない共重合体からなる塗膜であり初期防汚性および塗膜強度が劣っていた。
比較例7は、下層塗膜中のシリルエステル含有量が高すぎることにより、後半の塗膜更新が遅く、防汚性が一気に悪化した。
Claims (2)
- 下層塗膜と、その上に形成された上層塗膜を有する複層防汚塗膜であって、
前記上層塗膜は、共重合体Aを含み、
前記下層塗膜は、共重合体Bを含み、
前記上層塗膜及び下層塗膜は、それぞれ、防汚薬剤を含み、
前記共重合体Aは、単量体(a)と単量体(c)を含み、且つ単量体(b)を含んでもよい第1単量体混合物の共重合体であり、
前記共重合体Bは、前記単量体(a)と単量体(b)の少なくとも一方を含む第2単量体混合物の共重合体であり、
前記単量体(a)〜(c)は、それぞれ、一般式(1)〜(3)で表され、
前記共重合体Aは、第1単量体混合物を100質量%とすると、前記単量体(a)の含有量が10〜45質量%であり、前記単量体(b)の含有量が0〜15質量%であり、前記単量体(c)の含有量が20〜50質量%であり、前記単量体(a)と前記単量体(b)の合計含有量が10〜45質量%であり、
前記共重合体Bは、前記共重合体A以外の共重合体であり、且つ第2単量体混合物を100質量%とすると、前記単量体(a)と前記単量体(b)の合計含有量が46〜65質量%である、複層防汚塗膜。
- 請求項1に記載の複層防汚塗膜を表面に有する塗装物。
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