JP2020182472A - 神経筋障害の治療のための改善された特徴を有するrna調節オリゴヌクレオチド - Google Patents
神経筋障害の治療のための改善された特徴を有するrna調節オリゴヌクレオチド Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
第一の態様において、本発明は、ヒトcis−エレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害を治療するための薬物としての使用のためのオリゴヌクレオチドであって、2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基を含み、少なくとも1つのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、1つ若しくは複数の5−メチルピリミジン及び/又は1つ若しくは複数の2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含むオリゴヌクレオチド、又はヒトcis−エレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害を治療するための薬物としての使用のためのオリゴヌクレオチドであって、2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基からなり、すべてのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、1つ若しくは複数の5−メチルピリミジン及び/又は1つ若しくは複数の2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含むオリゴヌクレオチドを提供する。
(a)5−メチルピリミジン及び2,6−ジアミノプリンから選択される少なくとも1つの塩基修飾、及び/又は
(b)2’−O−メチルである少なくとも1つの糖修飾、及び/又は
(c)ホスホロチオエートである少なくとも1つの骨格修飾
を含む。
(a)2−チオウラシル、2−チオチミン、5−メチルシトシン、5−メチルウラシル、チミン、2,6−ジアミノプリンから選択される少なくとも1つの(追加的)塩基修飾、及び/又は
(b)2’−O−メチル、2’−O−(2−メトキシ)エチル、2’−デオキシ(DNA)、モルホリノ、架橋ヌクレオチド若しくはBNAから選択される少なくとも1つの(追加的)糖修飾、又はオリゴヌクレオチドは架橋ヌクレオチド及び2’−デオキシ修飾ヌクレオチドの両方を含む(BNA/DNAミクスマー)、及び/又は
(c)(別の)ホスホロチオエート若しくはホスホロジアミデート(phosphordiamidate)から選択される少なくとも1つの(追加的)骨格修飾
を含み得る。
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのシトシンが5−メチルシトシンで置き換えられているもの、
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのシトシンが5−メチルシトシンで置き換えられており、かつ少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのウラシルが5−メチルウラシルで置き換えられているもの、
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのシトシンが5−メチルシトシンで置き換えられており、かつ少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのアデニンが2,6−ジアミノプリンで置き換えられているもの、
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのシトシンが5−メチルシトシンで置き換えられており、かつ少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのウラシルが5−メチルウラシルで置き換えられており、かつ少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのアデニンが2,6−ジアミノプリンで置き換えられているもの、
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのウラシルが5−メチルウラシルで置き換えられているもの、
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのウラシルが5−メチルウラシルで置き換えられており、かつ少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのアデニンが2,6−ジアミノプリンで置き換えられているもの、又は
少なくとも1つ、好ましくはすべてのアデニンが2,6−ジアミノプリンで置き換えられているもの
であり得る。
H−(P’)p’UG−(CUG)m−(Q)q−H、又は
H−(P’)p”G−(CUG)m−(Q)q−H
として表され得る。
H−(P)p−(CUG)m−CU(Q’)q’−H、又は
H−(P)p−(CUG)m−C(Q’)q”−H
として表され得る。
H−(P’)p’UG−(CUG)m−CU(Q’)q’−H、
H−(P’)p”G−(CUG)m−CU(Q’)q’−H、
H−(P’)p’UG−(CUG)m−C(Q’)q”−H、又は
H−(P’)p”G−(CUG)m−C(Q’)q”−H
として表され得る。
第二の態様では、「オリゴヌクレオチド」という標題の先のセクションに記載されているオリゴヌクレオチドを含む組成物が提供される。この組成物は、好ましくは上記オリゴヌクレオチドを含む又はからなる又はから本質的になる。
さらなる態様では、医薬若しくは治療の一部として使用するための、先のセクションに記載されている組成物又はオリゴヌクレオチドの使用、又は前記オリゴヌクレオチドがその活性を細胞内に与える適用が提供される。
さらなる態様では、個体、前記個体の細胞、組織又は器官における先のセクションに記載の状態又は疾患を予防、治療、治癒、寛解及び/又は遅延する方法が提供される。該方法は、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド又は組成物を、それを必要とする前記個体又は対象に投与するステップを含む。
100〜300μg/週、合計8〜12回の注射、又は
150〜250μg/週、合計9〜11回の注射、又は
200μg/週、合計11回の注射、又は
10〜350μg/日、2週間、又は
50〜250μg/日、2週間、又は
100〜200μg/日、2週間、又は
20〜80μg/日、2週間、又は
200〜320μg/日、2週間、又は
320μg/日、2週間、又は
30μg/日、2週間
である用量でも使用され得る。
本明細書全体を通じて、「結合する」、「標的する」、「ハイブリダイズする」という用語は、本明細書に記載のmRNA前駆体の一部に対して逆相補的であるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドに関連して使用される場合、交換可能に使用され得る。本発明において、「ハイブダイズする」又は「結合する」は、特に断らない限り、細胞中、好ましくはヒト細胞中、生理的条件下で使用される。
本明細書において、「アルキル」とは、典型的に24個以下の炭素原子を含有する飽和直鎖又は分岐鎖炭化水素置換基又はラジカルを指す。アルキル基の例には、これらに限定されないが、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、イソプロピル、n−ヘキシル、オクチル、デシル、ドデシルなどが含まれる。アルキル基は、典型的には1〜24個の炭素原子、より典型的には1〜12個の炭素原子(C1〜C12アルキル)を含み、1〜6個の炭素原子(C1〜C6アルキル)がより好ましい。本明細書において、「低級アルキル」という用語は、1〜6個の炭素原子(C1〜C6アルキル)を含む。本明細書において、アルキル基は任意選択で1つ又は複数のさらなる置換基を含み得る。
配列番号4〜69又は216〜219を含むすべてのAONは、5−メチルシトシン、5−メチルウラシル及び2,6−ジアミノプリンから選択される少なくとも1つの塩基修飾を含む。
すべてのAONは2’−O−メチルホスホロチオエートAONであり、Cは5−メチルシトシン、Uは5−メチルウラシル、Aは2,6−ジアミノプリン、Iはイノシン、Qは脱塩基モノマーである。
イントロダクション:
選択されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(AON)化学の具体的な特徴は、結合親和性及び安定性を少なくとも部分的に増強できる、活性を増強できる、安全性を改善できる、及び/又は長さを短縮させる又は合成及び/又は精製手順を改善することによって製品の経費を低減できることである。本実施例には、in vitroでHD線維芽細胞中のHTT転写物の伸長(CAG)nリピートを標的化するように設計されたAONの活性の比較分析が記載され、5−メチルシトシン(XYG)7[式中、Xは5−メチルシトシンであり、Y=Uである。](配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)又は5−メチルウラシル(XYG)7[式中、X=C、Y=5−メチルウラシルである。](配列番号97(配列番号3由来)としても表される。)のいずれかを有するAONが含まれる。
細胞培養:
患者由来HD線維芽細胞(GM04022)(Coriell Cell Repositories,Camden,USAから購入)を、15%熱不活化ウシ胎児血清(FBS)(Clontech,Palo Alto,USA)、1%グルタマックス(Glutamax)(Gibco)及び100U/mlペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(P/S)(Gibco)を含む最小必須培地(MEM)(Gibco Invitrogen,Carlsbad,USA)中、37℃、5%CO2で培養した。
AONは、完全に2’−O−メチルホスホロチオエート修飾されていた次のものであった。PS659,(XYG)7[式中、Xは5−メチルシトシンであり、Y=Uである。](配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される);及びPS661,(XYG)7[式中、X=C、Y=5−メチルウラシルである。](配列番号97(配列番号3由来)としても表される)。
細胞に、PEI(0.15M NaCl中、AON1μg当たり2μL)と複合体化したAONをトランスフェクトした。AON−PEI複合体を、5%FBSを含むMEM培地中、最終AON濃度が0.5〜200nMとなるように細胞に加えた。新鮮培地を4時間後に補充し、24時間後にRNAを単離した。
アウルムトータルRNAミニキット(Aurum Total RNA Mini kit)(Bio−Rad,Hercules,CA)を製造者のプロトコールに従って使用してRNAを培養細胞から単離した。
約200ngのRNAを、合計容量20μLでSuperScript first−strand synthesis system(Invitrogen)を用いる無作為ヘキサマーでのcDNA合成に供した。PCRを、HTT(CAGリピートにわたる)及びβ−アクチンに対するプライマーで実施した。PCRプログラムは95℃での4分間の初期変性で開始し、次いで94℃、30秒間の変性、60℃、30秒間のアニーリング、72℃、45秒間の伸長を35サイクル行い、その後、最終伸長ステップを72℃で7分間行った。Lab−on−a−Chipを、アジレントDNA 1000キット(Agilent DNA 1000kit)を用いてアジレント2100バイオアナライザー(Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer)(Agilent Technologies,Waldbronn,Germany)で行った。発現レベルを、β−アクチンレベルに対して、及びトランスフェクションなしの転写物レベルに対して標準化した。下記プライマーを使用した。
HTTフォワード: 5’−ATGGCGACCCTGGAAAAGCTGAT−3’(配列番号70)
HTTリバース: 5’−TGAGGCAGCAGCGGCTG−3’(配列番号71)
β−アクチンフォワード: 5’−GGACTTCGAGCAAGAGATGG−3’(配列番号72)
β−アクチンリバース: 5’−AGCACTGTGTTGGCGTACAG−3’(配列番号73)
PS659(配列番号2由来の配列番号90)及びPS661(配列番号3由来の配列番号97)の両方は極めて有効であり、HD線維芽細胞中のHTT転写物を用量依存的に減少させた(Fig.1a及び1b)。両方のAONは、伸長CAGリピートを有するアレルに対する選択性も示した。PS659(配列番号2由来の配列番号90)は、PS661(配列番号3由来の配列番号97)(20nMで最も高い効果)(1b)と比較して、より低い濃度(5nMで最も高い効果)(1a)でより高い効果を示し、かつよりアレル特異的であった。
イントロダクション:
PS659(XYG)7[式中、Xは5−メチルシトシンであり、Y=Uである。](配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)を最も効率的かつ安全な候補としてin vitro試験から選択した。本実施例には、一連の脳室内直接注射後のトランスジェニックHDラットモデルにおける活性が記載される。
動物:
トランスジェニックHDラットは、51のCAGリピートが天然のラットハンチントンプロモーターの制御下にある切断型ハンチントンcDNA断片を保有する。発現した遺伝子産物は約75kDaであり、全長ハンチントンの22%に対応し(cDNA位置324〜2321、アミノ酸位置1〜709/825(エクソン1〜16に対応))、ラットハンチントンプロモーターの886bpの制御下にある(von Horsten S.ら)。すべての動物実験は、the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the Maastricht University,Maastrichtによって承認されたものである。
PS659(XYG)7[式中、Xは5−メチルシトシンであり、Y=Uである。](配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)は、完全に2’−O−メチルホスホロチオエート修飾されたAONである。
トランスジェニックHDラットには、18週間の間に、PS659(配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)200μgの最終用量で脳室内注射を15回行った。対照HDラットにはビヒクルのみを投与した。ラットは最終注射の1週間後に屠殺した。
脳組織由来RNAをRNA−Bee試薬(Tel Test,Inc)を用いて単離した。簡潔には、RNA−Bee(RNA−Bee1mL当たり組織50mg)を加え、MagNAライザー装置(MagNA Lyser instrument)(Roche)を用いてホモジナイズすることによって、MagNAライザーグリーンビーズチューブ(MagNA Lyser green bead tube)(Roche)中で組織試料をホモジナイズした。ライセートを新たなチューブに移し、クロロホルム(SIGMA)を加え(RNA−Bee 1mL当たり0.2mL)、混合し、氷上で5分間インキュベートし、13000rpm、4℃で15分間遠心分離した。上側水相を回収し、等容量のイソプロパノール(SIGMA)を加え、4℃、1時間のインキュベーション及び遠心分離(13000rpm、4℃、15分間)を行った。RNA沈殿物を70%(v/v)エタノール(BioSolve)で洗浄し、空気乾燥し、MilliQに溶解した。
約200ngを、合計容量20μLでSuperScript first−strand synthesis system(Invitrogen)を用いる無作為ヘキサマーでのcDNA合成に供した。次いで、cDNAの1/40希釈調製物3μLを、iQ(商標)SYBR(登録商標)グリーンスーパーミックス(Green Supermix)(Bio−Rad)の存在下で標準的手順による定量的PCR分析に使用した。定量的PCRプライマーをNCBIデータベース配列情報に基づいて設計した。産物の同一性をDNA配列決定によって確認した。Rab2及びYWHAZに関するシグナルを標準化のために使用した。下記プライマーを使用した。
Rat Htt−F: 5’−CGCCGCCTCCTCAGCTTC−3’(配列番号74)
Rat Htt−R: 5’−GAGAGTTCCTTCTTTGGTCGGTGC−3’(配列番号75)
Rab2−F: 5’−TGGGAAACAGATAAAACTCCAGA−3’(配列番号76)
Rab2−R: 5’−AATATGACCTTGTGATAGAACGAAAG−3’(配列番号77)
YWHAZ−F: 5’−AAATGAGCTGGTGCAGAAGG−3’(配列番号78)
YWHAZ−R: 5’−GGCTGCCATGTCATCGTAT−3’(配列番号79)
PS659(配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)は、生理食塩水処置ラットと比較して、トランスジェニックHtt転写物レベルを皮質(Fig.2a)、海馬(Fig.2b)、嗅球(Fig.2c)及び視床(Fig.3d)において低下させた。これらの結果は、PS659(配列番号90(配列番号2由来)としても表される。)が脳室内直接注射後にin vivoで有効であることを示している。
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本発明の実施形態は例えば下記実施形態1〜15を含む。
実施形態1:
ヒトcisエレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害を予防する、遅延させる及び/又は治療するための薬物としての使用のためのオリゴヌクレオチドであって、
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基を含み、
少なくとも1つのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、
1つ若しくは複数の5−メチルピリミジン及び/又は1つ若しくは複数の2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含み、
(CAG)n、(GCG)n、(CGG)n、(GAA)n、(GCC)n、(CCG)n、(AUUCU)n、(GGGGCC)n及び(CCUG)nからなる群から選択される反復ヌクレオチド単位を反復ヌクレオチド単位として有する反復エレメントにハイブリダイズすることができる、
オリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態2:
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基からなり、
すべてのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有する、
実施形態1に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態3:
(CAG)nリピートにハイブリダイズでき、
反復ヌクレオチド単位(XYG)mを含む又はからなり、
mは4〜12の整数であり、
各XはC又は5−メチルシトシン、各YはU又は5−メチルウラシルであり、
少なくとも1つのXは5−メチルシトシン、及び/又は少なくとも1つのYは5−メチルウラシルである、
実施形態1又は2に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態4:
各Xは5−メチルシトシン、及び/又は各Yは5−メチルウラシルである、実施形態3に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態5:
mは7であり、好ましくは、該オリゴヌクレオチドは反復ヌクレオチド単位(XYG)7[式中、各Xは5−メチルシトシン、各Yはウラシルである(配列番号2)。あるいは、各Xはシトシン、各Yは5−メチルウラシルである(配列番号3)。]を含む又はからなる、実施形態3又は4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態6:
該オリゴヌクレオチドの塩基配列は配列番号90〜118の塩基配列のいずれかを含む又はからなる、実施形態5に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態7:
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基からなり、
すべてのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、
配列番号90からなる塩基配列を有する、
オリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態8:
5−メチルシトシン及び/又は5−メチルウラシル塩基を含む、実施形態1〜6のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態9:
2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含む、実施形態1〜6及び8のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態10:
実施形態1〜6、8及び9のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチドであって、
5−メチルシトシン及び/又は5−メチルウラシル及び/又は2,6−ジアミノプリンを含まない対応オリゴヌクレオチドと比較して改善されたパラメーターを有し、
前記対応オリゴヌクレオチドは、
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基を含み、
少なくとも1つのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有する、
オリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態11:
長さが12〜36ヌクレオチドである、実施形態1〜6及び8〜10のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態12:
1本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドである、実施形態1〜11のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
実施形態13:
実施形態1〜12のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む組成物。
実施形態14:
前記組成物及び/又は前記オリゴヌクレオチドの組織及び/又は細胞に対する及び/又は組織中及び/又は細胞中への標的化及び/又は送達を増強することをさらに補助し得る少なくとも1つの賦形剤を含む、実施形態13に記載の組成物。
実施形態15:
ヒトcis−エレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害の予防、治療及び/又は遅延のための方法であって、予防、治療及び/又は遅延は、実施形態1〜12のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド又は実施形態13若しくは14に記載の組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することによって行われる、方法。
Claims (15)
- ヒトcisエレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害を予防する、遅延させる及び/又は治療するための薬物としての使用のためのオリゴヌクレオチドであって、
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基を含み、
少なくとも1つのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、
1つ若しくは複数の5−メチルピリミジン及び/又は1つ若しくは複数の2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含み、
(CAG)n、(GCG)n、(CGG)n、(GAA)n、(GCC)n、(CCG)n、(AUUCU)n、(GGGGCC)n及び(CCUG)nからなる群から選択される反復ヌクレオチド単位を反復ヌクレオチド単位として有する反復エレメントにハイブリダイズすることができる、
オリゴヌクレオチド。 - 2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基からなり、
すべてのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有する、
請求項1に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。 - (CAG)nリピートにハイブリダイズでき、
反復ヌクレオチド単位(XYG)mを含む又はからなり、
mは4〜12の整数であり、
各XはC又は5−メチルシトシン、各YはU又は5−メチルウラシルであり、
少なくとも1つのXは5−メチルシトシン、及び/又は少なくとも1つのYは5−メチルウラシルである、
請求項1又は2に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。 - 各Xは5−メチルシトシン、及び/又は各Yは5−メチルウラシルである、請求項3に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- mは7であり、好ましくは、該オリゴヌクレオチドは反復ヌクレオチド単位(XYG)7[式中、各Xは5−メチルシトシン、各Yはウラシルである(配列番号2)。あるいは、各Xはシトシン、各Yは5−メチルウラシルである(配列番号3)。]を含む又はからなる、請求項3又は4に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 該オリゴヌクレオチドの塩基配列は配列番号90〜118の塩基配列のいずれかを含む又はからなる、請求項5に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基からなり、
すべてのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有し、
配列番号90からなる塩基配列を有する、
オリゴヌクレオチド。 - 5−メチルシトシン及び/又は5−メチルウラシル塩基を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 2,6−ジアミノプリン塩基を含む、請求項1〜6及び8のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1〜6、8及び9のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドであって、
5−メチルシトシン及び/又は5−メチルウラシル及び/又は2,6−ジアミノプリンを含まない対応オリゴヌクレオチドと比較して改善されたパラメーターを有し、
前記対応オリゴヌクレオチドは、
2’−O−メチルRNAヌクレオチド残基を含み、
少なくとも1つのリン酸部分がホスホロチオエート部分によって置き換えられている骨格を有する、
オリゴヌクレオチド。 - 長さが12〜36ヌクレオチドである、請求項1〜6及び8〜10のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 1本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドである、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む組成物。
- 前記組成物及び/又は前記オリゴヌクレオチドの組織及び/又は細胞に対する及び/又は組織中及び/又は細胞中への標的化及び/又は送達を増強することをさらに補助し得る少なくとも1つの賦形剤を含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- ヒトcis−エレメントリピート不安定性関連遺伝性障害の予防、治療及び/又は遅延のための方法であって、予防、治療及び/又は遅延は、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド又は請求項13若しくは14に記載の組成物を、それを必要とする対象に投与することによって行われる、方法。
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