JP2020164812A - 三次元印刷組成物の調製プロセス - Google Patents
三次元印刷組成物の調製プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020164812A JP2020164812A JP2020041679A JP2020041679A JP2020164812A JP 2020164812 A JP2020164812 A JP 2020164812A JP 2020041679 A JP2020041679 A JP 2020041679A JP 2020041679 A JP2020041679 A JP 2020041679A JP 2020164812 A JP2020164812 A JP 2020164812A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
0.2<(w●D●P)/(0.363●d●p)<1.2
サンプル供給速度:3(0.6リットル/分)
温度:140℃
アスピレータ流速:4m3/分
50ガロンの反応器に、12.63キログラムのポリアミドPA12粒状樹脂及び126.3グラムの50マイクロメートルシリカゲル粉末を添加し、不活性雰囲気下で高温で混合しながら129.85キログラムのN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶媒に溶解させる。180℃において全てのポリマーが溶解したら、溶液を130℃まで急冷し、溶液からポリマーを沈殿させる。この材料を撹拌しながら室温まで更に冷却した後、排出し、更なるNMPで洗浄し、次いで脱イオン水及びメタノールで洗浄する。例えば90℃の高温で材料を真空乾燥し、その後、添加剤ブレンドのために必要になるまで保管する。これらの粒子の平均サイズは、54マイクロメートルであった。
数学的に、球状の有機表面添加剤がより大きな粒子表面を被覆するための一般的な理想式は、以下によって与えられる。
0.2<(w●D●P)/(0.363●d●p)<1.2
実施例11のPA12粒子の50グラムを使用して、粒子の嵩密度及び安息角を評価した。空気を含んだ嵩密度及びタップ嵩密度の両方を測定し、表面添加剤を含まない場合のハウスナー比として報告される圧密化を決定するために使用した。表4を参照されたい。
乾式ブレンドプロセスで添加された有機添加剤を有するPA12。実施例10の有機添加剤の乾燥粒子を0.32pph(1.5グラム)で、50グラムの実施例11のPA12粉末に添加し、研究室用SKM Millで13,500rpmで30秒間混合した。ブレンド工程が完了した後、ブレンドされた材料を150マイクロメートルのステンレス鋼ふるいを通して篩分けし、材料を容器に入れ、流動及び安息角について評価した。
水分散液に添加された有機添加剤を有するPA12。95グラムの実施例12の乾燥PA12粉末を、100グラムのTriton(商標)−X(ポリエチレングリコールtert−オクチルフェニルエーテル、Sigma−Aldrich(登録商標))1重量%及び200ミリリットルの脱イオン水で再分散させた。このスラリーを、Branson Digital Sonifier(登録商標)を用いて20〜30秒間超音波処理した。実施例10の有機添加剤の未乾燥粒子を、乾燥固体添加量ベースに基づいて0.32pph(固形分18.60%においてラテックスの1.62グラム)で、スラリーに撹拌しながら滴下して添加した。スラリーを凍結乾燥機ボトルに注ぎ、VirTis Freezemobileで凍結し、Dura−Dry(登録商標)凍結乾燥機で48時間乾燥させた。乾燥したブレンド粒子の含水量は0.97%であった。
Claims (20)
- プロセスであって、
三次元印刷粉末、任意の分散剤、及び水を含む、三次元印刷粉末分散液を提供することと、
有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションを提供することと、
前記三次元印刷粉末分散液と前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションとを合わせて、前記三次元印刷粉末分散液と前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションとを含む混合物を形成することと、
前記三次元印刷粉末分散液と前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションとの混合物を乾燥させることと、を含む、プロセス。 - 前記三次元印刷粉末が事前に乾燥されていない、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記任意の分散剤が存在し、
前記分散剤が、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群のメンバーを含む界面活性剤である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションが、少なくとも1種の非架橋性重合性モノマーを含むか、又は
前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、少なくとも1種の架橋性重合性モノマーを含むか、又は
前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、少なくとも1種の非架橋性重合性モノマーと少なくとも1種の架橋性重合性モノマーとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、約3〜約8の高い炭素対酸素比を有する第1のモノマーと、所望により、2つ以上のビニル基を含む第2のモノマーであって、存在する場合、前記コポリマー中に、前記コポリマーの重量に基づいて約8重量%超〜約40重量%の量で存在する、第2のモノマーと、所望により、アミンを含む第3のモノマーであって、存在する場合、前記コポリマーの重量に基づいて約0.1重量%〜約1.5重量%の量で存在する、第3のモノマーと、を含む、ポリマー又はコポリマーである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、2つ以上のビニル基を含有する架橋性モノマーを含み、
前記2つ以上のビニル基を含有する架橋性モノマーが、前記有機ポリマー添加剤中に、前記有機ポリマー添加剤の総重量に基づいて0重量%超〜約40重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、酸性モノマー、塩基性モノマー、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、窒素含有基を有する塩基性モノマーを含み、
前記窒素含有基を有する塩基性モノマーが、前記有機ポリマー添加剤中に、前記有機ポリマー添加剤の総重量に基づいて約1.5重量%未満の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、アクリル酸、β−カルボキシエチルアクリレート、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される酸性基を有する酸性モノマーを含み、
前記酸性モノマーが、前記有機ポリマー添加剤中に、前記有機ポリマー添加剤の総重量に基づいて約4重量%未満の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、アクリレートモノマー、メタクリレートモノマー、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるモノマーを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、約30ナノメートル〜約140ナノメートルの体積平均粒径を有するラテックス粒子を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記組成物が、2種以上の有機ポリマー添加剤を含み、
第1の有機ポリマー添加剤が、第1の平均D50粒径を有し、
第2の有機ポリマー添加剤が、第2の平均D50粒径を有し、
前記第1及び第2の平均D50粒径が、少なくとも約10ナノメートル異なる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、前記三次元印刷粉末の重量に基づいて約0.01〜約5重量部の総表面添加量を有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記三次元印刷粉末及び前記有機ポリマー添加剤が、次式に従って混合物を形成するように組み合わされ、
0.2<(w●D●P)/(0.363●d●p)<1.2
式中、前記三次元印刷粉末について、Dは、マイクロメートル単位の前記粉末のD50平均サイズであり、Pは、グラム/cm3単位の真嵩密度であり、
前記有機ポリマー添加剤について、dは、ナノメートル単位のD50平均粒径であり、pは、グラム/cm3単位の真嵩密度であり、wは、前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルション中の前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションの固体添加量に基づく百分率単位の、前記混合物に添加される前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションの重量である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションが、少なくとも1種のモノマーと界面活性剤とのエマルション重合によって生成されたラテックス粒子を含み、
前記界面活性剤が、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群のメンバーを含み、
前記界面活性剤が、約45mN/m未満の最小表面張力を有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションが、少なくとも1種のモノマーと界面活性剤とのエマルション重合によって生成されたラテックス粒子を含み、
前記界面活性剤が、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群のメンバーを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記三次元ポリマー印刷粉末が、ポリアミド、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリアルカノエート、ポリエステル、ポリアリールエーテルケトン(PAEK)、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリスチレン、ポリスチレン−アクリレート、ポリウレタン(PU)、熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)、ポリエーテルブロックアミド(PEBA)、ポリアルキルシロキサン、フッ素化ポリマー、ペルフルオロポリエーテル(PFPE)アクリレート、及びPFPEメタクリレート、並びにこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され、
所望により、前記三次元印刷粉末が、非ポリマー材料で充填されている、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記三次元ポリマー印刷粉末が、ポリアミド12(PA12)、ポリアミド11(PA11)、ポリアミド6(PA6)、ポリアミド6,12(PA6,12)、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリヒドロキシブチレート(PHB)、ポリヒドロキシバレレート(PHV)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリエーテルケトンケトン(PEKK);ポリオキシメチレン(POM);ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリスチレン(PS)、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン(HIPS)、ポリアクリレート及びポリスチレン−アクリレート;ポリウレタン(PU)、ポリアクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン(ABS)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリジメチルシロキサン(PDMS)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニル(PVF)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記三次元印刷粉末分散液と前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションとの混合物を印刷プロセスで使用することを更に含み、
前記印刷プロセスが、前記有機ポリマー添加剤及び任意の無機添加剤を有する前記三次元印刷粉末をレーザーに露光させて、前記三次元印刷粉末を融合させることを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。 - 前記三次元印刷粉末分散液と前記有機ポリマー添加剤のエマルションとの混合物を印刷プロセスで使用することを更に含み、
前記印刷プロセスが、レーザービーム溶融印刷プロセス又は選択的レーザー焼結プロセスを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
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