JP2020080860A - 天然色素食品の変色防止方法 - Google Patents
天然色素食品の変色防止方法 Download PDFInfo
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- aqueous solution
- carbon dioxide
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- CLJTZNIHUYFUMR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen carbonate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CLJTZNIHUYFUMR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L29/244—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from corms, tubers or roots, e.g. glucomannan
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Abstract
Description
Na2CO3+NaCOOH+H2O→3Na++2OH-+2CO2の反応により弱アルカリ性域で炭酸ガスを発生させる。水溶液は弱アルカリ域で粘性化してゲル化するゲル化剤の使用により、炭酸ガスは容易に水溶液から離脱せず、粘稠化した水溶液中に捕捉される。そのため、ミョウバンを使用せずとも色素を還元状態に保持することができる。
本発明の水溶性組成物は、有機酸又はそのアルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩有効成分として含む水溶液中にアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩を添加し、弱アルカリ領域で炭酸ガスを生成させる。したがって、本発明組成物はそのまま又は希釈して、対象食品に混合してもよいが、添加通常、炭酸ガス発泡組成物を処理対象物重量の乾燥重量で0.5〜2.0%を10倍から30倍の希釈水で水溶液にして用いる。対象食品の含水量を考慮して組成物の0.1〜10%、好ましくは0.5〜5%、より好ましくは0.75〜3%(w/v)の水溶液となるように調製し、ゲル化剤の凝固物性に応じてpH7.0以上9.0の炭酸ガス発泡性アルカリ水溶液として使用するのがよい。中性に近い領域でゲル化する製剤を用いるのが好ましい。
〔製造例〕
水1000mlに、クエン酸10〜25重量部、重曹50〜70重量部、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム2〜5重量部、ゲル化剤としてグルコマンナン15〜20重量部の炭酸ガス発泡組成物を全体として1.0〜1.5%(W/V)となるように添加し、pH7.5以上、9.0以下、特に8.0前後に調整してゲル化する。
本発明の皮むきカットゴボウ、皮むきカット長芋、皮むきカットリンゴ、カットナス、皮むきカットバナナ及び皮むきカットジャガイモに対する品質保持効果を確認するため、以下の試験を実施した。
まず、各野菜又は果物を皮むき及び/又はカットし、必要に応じて殺菌、洗浄処理を行った後、これらを本発明の1%重曹ークエン酸ベースの処理液及び重曹−クエン酸ソーダベース処理液に10分間浸漬した。これらの浸漬後に水切りして20℃で最長5日間保管し、保管開始時(スタート)、1日後、3日後、5日後の各種野菜・果物の状態を確認し、評価した。ゴボウ、及びバナナでは、保管開始から1日後でも「本発明品」では褐変が認められない。ゴボウとバナナでは3日後で褐変が認められ始めた。長芋では、保管開始から3日後に、リンゴでは、保管開始から5日後に褐変が認められ始めた。ジャガイモでは、保管開始から1日後には褐変は認められなかった。ナスでは、保管開始から3日後まで、5日後も褐変は認められず、同様であった。なお、保管温度を10℃として同様の試験を実施した場合では、褐変の進み方は20℃保管より緩やかではあったが、ほぼ同様の結果であった。
本発明の皮むきカットアボカド、皮むきカットナシ、皮むきカットリンゴ、皮むきカットバナナ、カットキャベツ、カットレタス、カット春菊、皮むきカット里芋、カットマッシュルーム、カットナス、皮むきカットごぼう、カット白菜、皮むきカット大根、皮むきカットジャガイモ、皮むきカット長芋及び皮むきカットレンコンに対する品質保持効果を確認するため、以下の試験を実施した。
まず、各野菜又は果物を皮むき及び/又はカットし、必要に応じて殺菌、洗浄処理を行った後、これらを本発明の処理液2に10分間浸漬した。処理液は、本発明の1%重曹−クエン酸及び重曹−クエン酸ソーダベースの炭酸ガス発泡処理液を使用した。これらの浸漬後に水切りして20℃で24〜72時間保管し、各種野菜・果物の状態を確認、評価した。
いずれの野菜・果物においても、保管開始から24時間で「無処理」と「本発明処理」の品質の差が認められた。以上より、本発明に係る品質保持剤で処理することにより、上記の各種皮むき及び/又はカット野菜・果物について、極めて高い褐変抑制効果、品質保持効果が発揮され、20℃という温度帯でも充分な効果を発揮することが明らかとなった。
本発明の方法によれば、硝酸・亜硝酸系発色剤を用いることなく、食肉加工原料の変色を防止することができる。よって、硝酸及び亜硝酸、並びにそれらの塩を含有せず、且つ、赤色の発色に優れた、商品価値の高い食肉加工食品を製造することが可能となる。
骨や毛等の不純物を除去した規格豚うで肉の赤味9.67kgを食肉加工原料として用いた。これを3mm目プレートのチョッパーに通してミンチ状とした後、別途用意した本発明の処理組成物(重曹−クエン酸および重曹ークエン酸ソーダベースの炭酸ガス発泡組成物)を混和した。得られた混合物を常温(20℃前後)で24時間保持し、乾塩法による漬け込みを行なった。漬け込み後、この混合物を5mm目プレートのチョッパーでチョッピングし、豚脂肪1.6kg、粉末卵白300g、香辛料30g、砂糖20g、粉末燻製剤10gを加え、真空ブレンダーを用い、カッターでカッティングして混和して均一な混合物とした。得られた混合物を、充填機を用いて羊腸ケーシング(ホットドッグ用、長さ15cm、径18〜20mm)に詰め、200本の未加熱ウインナーソーセージを作製した。これらを70℃で30分間乾燥し、70℃で40分間スモークし、更に75℃で40分間加熱した。これらを各々真空パックし、85℃で1分間加熱殺菌した後、冷水シャワーで10分間冷却することにより、ウインナーソーセージを製造した。
本発明の組成物を使用した場合と食塩を使用した場合のウインナーソーセージを、8〜10℃の冷蔵庫で30日間保存し、保存前後の色調の変化を目視で観察した。
保存前の観察によれば、何れのウインナーソーセージも、赤色系の色調を呈していた。一方、保存後の観察によれば、本発明の組成物を使用したウインナーソーセージは赤色系の色調を維持していたのに対し、食塩を使用した場合のウインナーソーセージは茶褐色系の色調へと変化していた。
本発明の組成物を使用して塩漬調味液を調製した。本発明の組成物1%水溶液25kg、食塩150g、粉末卵白3.2kg、砂糖2.1kg、グルタミン酸ナトリウム900gを混和して調整した。食肉加工原料として豚もも肉96kg(40本)を用い、これらに前記の塩漬調味液をインジェクターを用いて注入した後、ロータリーマッサージ機を使用して6rpmで72時間回転させ、塩漬調味液を豚もも肉内に浸透させた。次に、これらの豚もも肉をケーシング内に整形充填し、75℃で30分間乾燥し、60℃で40分間スモークし、更に85℃で1分間加熱し、中心温度が68〜70℃に達したことを確認した後、冷蔵庫内で一晩保管し、ボンレスハムを製造した。
本発明の組成物と通常の調味液を使用して調整したボンレスハムを、8〜10℃の冷蔵庫で30日間保存し、保存前後の色調の変化を目視で観察した。
両者のボンレスハムの色を比較したところ、前者は薄いピンク色であり、後者はやや赤色に近いピンク色であったが、顕著な色調の違いは見られなかった。
以上の結果から、本発明の方法により製造されたウインナーソーセージ及びボンレスハムは、従来の硝酸・亜硝酸系発色剤を全く使用していないにも関わらず、これらの発色剤を使用したウインナーソーセージ及びボンレスハムとほぼ同様の色調を有することが明らかとなった。
超低温(−40℃)で凍結され、保存された本マグロフィーレ2kgを、−10乃至−15℃の冷凍庫に放置して通常の冷凍状態とした。通常の冷凍状態となった本マグロフィーレを、食塩濃度10質量%の食塩水に入れ、約5分間浸漬した。この浸漬の間、食塩水は撹拌され、且つ、約25℃となるように加温された。
超低温(−40℃)で凍結され、保存された本マグロフィーレ2kgを、−10乃至−15℃の冷凍庫に放置して通常の冷凍状態とした。通常の冷凍状態となった本マグロフィーレを、柵状に切り、さらに、一片が10±2gとなるようにスライスした。
実施例及び比較例の本マグロのスライス冷凍品の色調を目視で観察し、その後冷凍庫で3日間保存し、保存後の色調も目視で観察した。
Claims (5)
- (1)有機酸、またはそのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属有機酸塩および(2)アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類炭酸塩とから、弱アルカリ性水溶液を形成し、炭酸ガスを形成する一方、(3)該弱アルカリ性水溶液にゲル化成分を添加してゲル化し、水溶液中に発生する炭酸ガスを水溶液中に閉じ込め、天然色素HbO2をHbHに還元し、食品中の色素Hbを還元状態HbHに保持することを特徴とする食品の色素変色防止方法。
- 弱アルカリ域で凝固するゲル化成分がグルコマンナン、カードラン、寒天、ゼラチン、カラギーナン、ペクチン、ジェランガム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、キサンタンガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガムとからなる群から選ばれる一種以上を含む請求項1記載の食品の色素変色防止方法。
- 酢酸及び/又はクエン酸10〜30重量部及び炭酸ソーダ50〜70重量部に対し、ゲル化剤を用いて、弱アルカリ性水溶液をゲル状態にし、発生する炭酸ガスを閉じ込め、該溶液に食品を浸漬、該溶液を食品に散布又は注入して食品の色素を還元状態に置くことを特徴とする請求項1記載の食品の色素変色防止方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の食品添加剤を各種調味液に対し、0.5〜5.0重量%添加してなることを特徴とする調味液。
- 上記水溶液がアスコルビン酸又はアスコルビン酸塩を含む請求項1記載の食品の変色防止方法。
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JPS5615671A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1981-02-14 | Kuranari Tokuda | Prevention of fading of aquatic product of fish and shellfish and color change of meat |
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JP2017000040A (ja) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-01-05 | 毅臣 渡邉 | 変色防止用アルカリ組成物又は水溶液 |
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JP4688733B2 (ja) | 2006-05-29 | 2011-05-25 | 三菱商事フードテック株式会社 | 肉類の品質改良剤および肉類の品質改良方法 |
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JP2017000040A (ja) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-01-05 | 毅臣 渡邉 | 変色防止用アルカリ組成物又は水溶液 |
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