JP2019089995A - トリグリセリド油から脂肪酸を抽出する方法 - Google Patents
トリグリセリド油から脂肪酸を抽出する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019089995A JP2019089995A JP2018082307A JP2018082307A JP2019089995A JP 2019089995 A JP2019089995 A JP 2019089995A JP 2018082307 A JP2018082307 A JP 2018082307A JP 2018082307 A JP2018082307 A JP 2018082307A JP 2019089995 A JP2019089995 A JP 2019089995A
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- oil
- quaternary ammonium
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0083—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils with addition of auxiliary substances, e.g. cristallisation promotors, filter aids, melting point depressors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/006—Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0008—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents
- C11B7/0025—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils by differences of solubilities, e.g. by extraction, by separation from a solution by means of anti-solvents in solvents containing oxygen in their molecule
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
Abstract
Description
意外なことに、トリグリセリド油をアンモニウム塩で抽出する際に、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族ジオールを第四級アンモニウム塩に添加すれば、抽出された油中の第四級アンモニウム塩のフラクションを著しく低下可能なことが判明し、ここでエチレングリコールおよびプロパンジオール、特にエチレングリコールおよび1,2−プロパンジオールが、最も適切である。
(a)脂肪酸を含有するトリグリセリド油T1を、少なくとも1種の第四級アンモニウム塩と、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する少なくとも1種の脂肪族ジオールとを含有する水溶液W1と接触させ、これによってトリグリセリド油相T2および水相W2を得る工程、ここでT2は、T1と比べて減少した脂肪酸含分を有し、W2は、W1と比べて増加した脂肪酸含分を有する、
(b)トリグリセリド油相T2を、水相W2から分離する工程、
を含む、トリグリセリド油から脂肪酸を抽出する方法に関し、
ここで第四級アンモニウム塩は、少なくとも1種の第四級アンモニウムカチオンと、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、リシン酸イオンから選択される少なくとも1種の塩基性アニオンとを含有する。
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
に従った化合物から選択され、
式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C8アルキルから選択され、ここで1つ以上の基Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdは任意で、C1〜C4アルコキシ、C2〜C8アルコキシアルコキシ、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、−OH、−SH、−CO2Reおよび−OC(O)Reから選択される基(ここでReは、C1〜C6アルキルである)によって、1個の炭素原子上で置換されていてよく、この炭素原子は好ましくは、正の電荷を有する窒素に直接結合していない。これは例えば、1〜3個のOH基によって置換されていてよい。
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
に従った化合物から選択され、
式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、イソブチルおよびtert−ブチルを含むC1〜C4アルキルから選択され、ここで基Ra、Rb、RcまたはRdのうち少なくとも1つは、1つのOH基によって、正の電荷を有する窒素に直接結合されていない1個の炭素原子上で置換されていてよい。置換された基Ra、Rb、RcまたはRdは好ましくは、2−ヒドロキシエチル、2−ヒドロキシプロピル、または2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルエチルである。
(c)CO2、および任意で有機溶媒を水相W2に添加し、これによってW2よりも低い脂肪酸含分を有する水相W3と、脂肪酸含有有機相とを得る工程
を含む。
(d)水相W3を、工程(c)で得られた脂肪酸含有有機相から分離、除去する工程
が続く。
トリグリセリド相中のコリン含分は、AgilentのHPLC-ESI-MSによってInfinity IIで、QQQ-6430により特定した。この目的のために、試料約50mgを、水とアセトンの1:1(v:v)溶液10mL中に希釈し、HILIC分離法によって、ESIポジティブ検出で分析した。その結果を、2つの較正機能によって評価した。相関係数は、R2=0.9997/0.9999で特定した。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(75.0質量%、密度約1.16g/mL、約5.3mol/L)70gを添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。トリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.11質量%と特定された。これは、98.2%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中のコリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって113,646ppmと特定された。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(80.0質量%、密度約1.17g/mL、約5.7mol/L)70gを添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。トリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.08質量%と特定された。これは、98.6%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中の遊離コリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって6405ppmと特定された。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(75.0質量%、密度約1.16g/mL、炭酸水素コリンのモル濃度約5.3mol/L、炭酸水素コリン0.30molに相当)66.5g、およびエチレングリコール3.5g(56.4mmol)を添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。得られたトリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.16質量%と特定された。これは、97.2%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中の遊離コリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって389ppmと特定された。得られたトリグリセリド相を引き続き、漂白土のTonsil Supreme 118 F1.5g(トリグリセリド相を基準として0.5質量%)によって処理し、95℃で5分間、ウェット漂白し、真空下で15分間、ドライ漂白した。漂白土の濾過後、トリグリセリド相を240℃で10分間、真空下で脱色し、200℃で蒸留水によりさらに90分間、水蒸気処理した。得られた油は実質的に無色であり、中性の味および臭いを有していた。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(80.0質量%、密度約1.17g/mL、炭酸水素コリンのモル濃度約5.7mol/L、炭酸水素コリン0.32molに相当)66.5g、およびエチレングリコール3.5g(56.4mmol)を添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。得られたトリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.13質量%と特定された。これは、97.8%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中の遊離コリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって2442ppmと特定された。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(75.0質量%、密度約1.16g/mL、炭酸水素コリンのモル濃度約5.3mol/L、炭酸水素コリン0.30molに相当)66.5g、および1,2−プロパンジオール3.5g(46.0mmol)を添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。得られたトリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.11質量%と特定された。これは、98.2%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中の遊離コリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって4853ppmと特定された。
パーム油(遊離脂肪酸5.5%、DGF法のDGF−C−V 2による滴定で特定)30gに、炭酸水素コリン水溶液(75.0質量%、密度約1.16g/mL、炭酸水素コリンのモル濃度約5.3mol/L、炭酸水素コリン0.30molに相当)66.5g、および1,6−ヘキサンジオール3.5g(29.6mmol)を添加し、この混合物を80℃で1時間、撹拌した。反応が完了した後、水相および有機相を分離漏斗で分離した。得られたトリグリセリド相中の脂肪酸含分は、滴定により0.13質量%と特定された。これは、97.8%の遊離脂肪酸の反応に相当する。トリグリセリド相中の遊離コリン含分は、HPLC-ESI-MSによって8924ppmと特定された。
Claims (10)
- 以下の工程:
(a)脂肪酸を含有するトリグリセリド油T1を、少なくとも1種の第四級アンモニウム塩と、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する少なくとも1種の脂肪族ジオールとを含有する水溶液W1と接触させ、これによってトリグリセリド油相T2および水相W2を得る工程、ここでT2は、T1と比べて減少した脂肪酸含分を有し、W2は、W1と比べて増加した脂肪酸含分を有する、
(b)トリグリセリド油相T2を、水相W2から分離する工程、
を含む、トリグリセリド油から脂肪酸を抽出する方法であって、
前記第四級アンモニウム塩が、少なくとも1種の第四級アンモニウムカチオンと、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、リシン酸イオンから選択される少なくとも1種の塩基性アニオンとを含有する、前記方法。 - 前記第四級アンモニウムカチオンが、構造
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
[式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C8アルキルから選択され、ここで1つ以上の基Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdは任意で、C1〜C4アルコキシ、C2〜C8アルコキシアルコキシ、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、−OH、−SH、−CO2Reおよび−OC(O)Reから選択される基(ここでReは、C1〜C6アルキルである)によって、1個の炭素原子上で置換されている]
に従った化合物から選択される、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第四級アンモニウムカチオンがコリンである、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性アニオンが、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオンから選択される、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記塩基性アニオンが炭酸水素イオンである、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪族ジオールが、1〜4個の炭素原子を有する、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記脂肪族ジオールが、エチレングリコール、プロパンジオールから選択される、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記工程a)を、70℃〜90℃の温度で行う、請求項1から7までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- トリグリセリド油T1の体積の、水相W1の体積に対する比が、10:1から1:100の範囲にある、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記工程(a)における水溶液W1中で、前記脂肪族ジオールの、前記第四級アンモニウム塩に対する割合は、1〜8個の炭素原子を有する全ての脂肪族ジオールのモル量が、全ての第四級アンモニウム塩のモル量を基準として0.0001%〜99.9%の範囲にある割合であり、ここで前記第四級アンモニウム塩は、少なくとも1種の第四級アンモニウムカチオンと、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、およびリシン酸イオンから選択される少なくとも1種の塩基性アニオンとを含有する、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
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EP3098292A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | A process for refining glyceride oil comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt treatment |
GB2538760A (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | The Queen's Univ Of Belfast | Removal of free fatty acids from glyceride oils |
GB2538759B (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2020-12-16 | Univ Belfast | Process for removing metal contaminants from glyceride oil and a glyceride oil refining process incorporating the same |
GB2538756A (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | The Queen's Univ Of Belfast | A process for refining glyceride oil comprising a basic ionic liquid treatment |
EP3098293A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | A process for removing metal from a metal-containing glyceride oil comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt treatment |
CN106281672B (zh) | 2015-05-28 | 2021-01-01 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 一种降低油脂中三氯丙醇或其酯含量的方法 |
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AR111729A1 (es) | 2019-08-14 |
JP6652588B2 (ja) | 2020-02-26 |
CN109762665A (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
US20190144778A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
PH12018000112A1 (en) | 2019-11-04 |
US10301572B1 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
EP3483237A1 (de) | 2019-05-15 |
MY176573A (en) | 2020-08-17 |
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